Velazquez-Soto H, Real F, Jiménez-Martínez MC. Historical evolution, overview, and therapeutic manipulation of co-stimulatory molecules. World J Immunol 2022; 12(1): 1-8 [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v12.i1.1]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Maria C Jiménez-Martínez, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana”, Chimalpopoca 14, Col. Obrera, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City 06800, Mexico. mcjimenezm@institutodeoftalmologia.org
Research Domain of This Article
Immunology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Immunol. Jan 24, 2022; 12(1): 1-8 Published online Jan 24, 2022. doi: 10.5411/wji.v12.i1.1
Historical evolution, overview, and therapeutic manipulation of co-stimulatory molecules
Henry Velazquez-Soto, Fernanda Real, Maria C Jiménez-Martínez
Henry Velazquez-Soto, Fernanda Real, Maria C Jiménez-Martínez, Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
Maria C Jiménez-Martínez, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Author contributions: Velazquez-Soto H drafted the paper and designed the outline; Real F prepared the figures and tables, and reviewed the paper; Jiménez-Martínez MC reviewed the paper, figures and tables, coordinated the paper’s preparation, and approved the final version.
Supported byInstitute of Ophthalmology “Fundación Conde de Valenciana”; Velazquez-Soto H received fellowship 294674 from CONACYT during his doctoral studies in Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud (Farmacología Clínica), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Real F with CVU 917729, recieved fellowship from CONACYT during his master studies in Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud (Farmacología Clínica), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Maria C Jiménez-Martínez, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana”, Chimalpopoca 14, Col. Obrera, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City 06800, Mexico. mcjimenezm@institutodeoftalmologia.org
Received: April 28, 2021 Peer-review started: April 28, 2021 First decision: July 8, 2021 Revised: August 5, 2021 Accepted: December 22, 2021 Article in press: December 22, 2021 Published online: January 24, 2022 Processing time: 267 Days and 11.8 Hours
Abstract
Co-stimulatory molecules are key mediators in the regulation of immune responses and knowledge of its different families, structure, and functions has improved in recent decades. Understanding the role of co-stimulatory molecules in pathological processes has allowed the development of strategies to modulate cellular functions. Currently, modulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules has been applied in clinical applications as therapeutic targets in diseases and promising results have been achieved.
Core Tip: Several reviews of co-stimulatory molecules have been published, however, this review summarizes the historical aspects, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the different families of costimulatory molecules implied in processes of health and disease. All of this knowledge has been applied to develop different drugs targeting costimulatory molecules in different diseases like cancer and autoimmune diseases.
