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Arguedas-Ramírez G, Speed E, Berger ZD, Mannion R. Pandemics, populism and bioethics: A critical approach. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2025; 5:e0004576. [PMID: 40392878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewen Speed
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zackary D Berger
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Core Faculty, Berman Institute of Bioethics, The Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell Mannion
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Leblang D, Smith MD, Wesselbaum D. Trust in institutions affects vaccination campaign outcomes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:720-728. [PMID: 39077829 PMCID: PMC11532736 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trust is an important driver of various outcomes, but little is known about whether trust in institutions affects actual vaccination campaign outcomes rather than only beliefs and intentions. METHODS We used nationally representative, individual-level data for 114 countries and combined them with data on vaccination policies and rates. We measured the speed of the vaccination campaign for each country using the estimated growth rate of a Gompertz curve. We then performed country-level regressions in the global sample and explored heterogeneity across World Bank development groups. RESULTS Globally, higher trust in institutions significantly increased vaccination rates (p<0.01) and vaccination speed (p<0.01). The effect was strong in low- and middle-income countries but statistically not significant in high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have implications for the design of vaccination campaigns for national governments and international organizations. The findings highlight the importance of trust in institutions when designing communication strategies around vaccination campaigns in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leblang
- Department of Politics and Batten School of Public Policy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4893, USA
| | - Michael D Smith
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Economics and Social Sciences Research, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349, USA
| | - Dennis Wesselbaum
- Department of Economics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Smith DG, Elwy AR, Rosen RK, Bueno M, Sarkar IN. Who's in control? Situating expertise, (mis)trust, and power among the Latine/Hispanic community in COVID-19's liminal moments. Soc Sci Med 2024; 354:117027. [PMID: 38959814 PMCID: PMC11329343 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has established the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black, Indigenous, and People of color (BIPOC) communities, and the barriers to vaccine trust and access among these populations. Focusing on perceptions of safety, access, and trustworthiness, studies often attach barriers to community-members, and discuss vaccines as if developed from an objective perspective, or "view from nowhere" (Haraway). OBJECTIVE We sought to follow Haraway's concept of "situated knowledges," whereby no one truth exists, and information is understood within its context, to understand the exertions of expertise surrounding vaccines. We focused on perceptions of power among a BIPOC community during a relatively unexamined moment, wherein the status of the pandemic and steps to prevent it were particularly uncertain. METHODS We report the findings of ten focus groups conducted among members of Rhode Island's Latine/Hispanic communities between December 2021 and May 2022. We called this time COVID-19's liminal moment because vaccines were distributed, mandates were lifted, vaccine efficacy was doubted, and new strains spread. We translated, transcribed, and analyzed focus groups using thematic analysis. RESULTS Community-member (n = 65) perceptions of control aligned with three key themes: (1) no power is capable of controlling COVID-19, (2) we are the objects of scientific and political powers, and (3) we, as individuals and communities, can control COVID-19 through our decisions and actions. CONCLUSIONS By centering the perspectives of a minoritized community, we situated the scientific knowledge produced about COVID-19 within the realities of imperfect interventions, uncontrollable situations, and medical power-exertions. We argue that medical knowledge should not be assumed implicitly trustworthy, or even capable, but instead seen as one of many products of human labor within human systems. Trust and trustworthiness must be mutually negotiated between experts, contexts, and communities through communication, empowerment, and justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grace Smith
- Advance Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A Rani Elwy
- Advance Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rochelle K Rosen
- Advance Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Indra Neil Sarkar
- Advance Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Rhode Island Quality Institute, Providence, RI, USA.
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Lee N, Hong Y, Kirkpatrick CE, Hu S, Lee S, Hinnant A. COVID-19 vaccination communication: Effects of vaccine conspiracy beliefs and message framing among black and white participants. Vaccine 2024; 42:3197-3205. [PMID: 38631951 PMCID: PMC11206173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic is widely acknowledged. The aim of this study was (1) to understand how one's vaccine conspiracy beliefs would influence their public health news processing, (2) to examine how specific public health news features (i.e., news frame) would influence message processing, and (3) to examine if there were any differences between Black and White participants in their message processing. METHODS A nationwide online experiment (N = 821) with a 3 (vaccine conspiracy beliefs: high vs. moderate vs. low) × 2 (participants' race: Black vs. White) × 2 (news frames: gain vs. loss) mixed-factorial design was conducted in the United States. RESULTS Participants' level of vaccine conspiracy beliefs was predictive of their responses to outcome measures. Additionally, Black participants reported higher perceived message effectiveness, more favorable attitudes toward the message, and higher vaccination intentions than White participants. Furthermore, health news that emphasized vaccination benefits produced more favorable attitudes than those emphasizing losses associated with non-vaccination, especially for White participants. Lastly, participants reported more favorable attitudes toward gain-framed health news regardless of their vaccine conspiracy beliefs. CONCLUSION It is crucial for health officials to work to find effective media message strategies to combat COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and misinformation. Furthermore, this study supports the significance of health organizations' ongoing efforts to tailor public health messaging to specific racial groups, as evidenced by considerable variations in perceptions among Black and White Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyeon Lee
- Department of Mass Communication, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
| | - Yoorim Hong
- Strategic Communication, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Ciera E Kirkpatrick
- Advertising & Public Relations, College of Journalism & Mass Communications, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Sisi Hu
- School of Journalism and Strategic Media, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Sungkyoung Lee
- Strategic Communication, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Amanda Hinnant
- Journalism Studies, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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Sans-Fuentes M, Sierra LA, Cruz NS, Rubio V, Lutrick K, Hamm K, Connick E, Shroff P, Billheimer D, Sorensen R, Dinsmore A, Wolfersteig W, Ayers S, Nikolich-Zugich J, Doubeni C, Tilburt J, Rosales C, Moreno F, Derksen D, Oesterle S, Sabo S, Parthasarathy S. Temporal Changes in Vaccine-Specific Willingness Across Race/Ethnicity Following Serious Adverse Event Reports. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S37-S40. [PMID: 37944076 PMCID: PMC10785178 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sans-Fuentes
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Lidia Azurdia Sierra
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Nina Santa Cruz
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Victoria Rubio
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Karen Lutrick
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Kathryn Hamm
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Puneet Shroff
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Ronald Sorensen
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Alicia Dinsmore
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Wendy Wolfersteig
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Stephanie Ayers
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Chyke Doubeni
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Jon Tilburt
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Francisco Moreno
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Daniel Derksen
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Samantha Sabo
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Sairam Parthasarathy
- Maria Sans-Fuentes, Elizabeth Connick, and Dean Billheimer are with BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson. Lidia Azurdia Sierra, Nina Santa Cruz, Victoria Rubio, Puneet Shroff, and Sairam Parthasarathy are with the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson. Karen Lutrick and Cecilia Rosales are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson. Kathryn Hamm, Wendy Wolfersteig, Stephanie Ayers, and Sabrina Oesterle are with the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Ronald Sorensen and Alicia Dinsmore are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Janko Nikolich-Zugich is with the Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson. Chyke Doubeni and Jon Tilburt are with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Francisco Moreno and Daniel Derksen are with the University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson. Samantha Sabo is with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
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Scott VK, Pinheiro MSN, Machado MMT, Castro MC. Acceptability of a hypothetical dengue vaccine and the potential impact of dengue vaccination on personal vector control behavior: a qualitative study in Fortaleza, Brazil. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2408. [PMID: 38049772 PMCID: PMC10694889 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is the most rapidly spreading viral vector-borne disease in the world. Promising new dengue vaccines have contributed to a growing consensus that effective dengue control will require integrated strategies of vaccination and vector control. In this qualitative study, we explored the perspectives of residents of Fortaleza, Brazil on acceptability of a hypothetical safe and effective dengue vaccine, specific drivers of dengue vaccine acceptance or hesitance, and the expected impact of dengue vaccination on their personal vector control practices. METHODS A total of 43 in-depth interviews were conducted from April to June 2022 with Fortaleza residents from a diverse range of educational and professional backgrounds, with and without recent personal experiences of symptomatic dengue infections. Data were analyzed using the principles of inductive grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Our findings indicate that knowledge of dengue transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods was strong across respondents. Respondents described willingness to accept a hypothetical dengue vaccine for themselves and their children, while emphasizing that the vaccine must be demonstrably safe and effective. Respondents expressed diverse perspectives on how receiving a safe and effective dengue vaccine might influence their personal vector control behaviors, relating these behaviors to their perception of risk from other Aedes mosquito-carried infections and beliefs about the role of vector control in maintaining household cleanliness. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings provide community-level perspectives on dengue vaccination and its potential impact on personal vector control behavior for policymakers and program managers in Fortaleza to consider as new dengue vaccines become available. With the introduction of any new dengue vaccine, community perspectives and emerging concerns that may drive vaccine hesitancy should be continuously sought out. Improved urban infrastructure and efforts to engage individuals and communities in vector control may be needed to optimize the impact of future dengue vaccinations and prevent rising cases of other arboviruses such as Zika and chikungunya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie K Scott
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Marcia C Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Sengul Orgut I, Freeman N, Lewis D, Parton J. Equitable and effective vaccine access considering vaccine hesitancy and capacity constraints. OMEGA 2023; 120:102898. [PMID: 37275337 PMCID: PMC10199497 DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2023.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an unprecedented impact on people's lives and the economy worldwide. Vaccines are the strongest evidence-based defense against the spread of the disease. The release of COVID-19 vaccines to the general public created policy challenges associated with how to best allocate vaccines among different sub-regions. In the United States, after vaccines became widely available for all eligible adults, policymakers faced objectives such as (i ) achieving an equitable allocation to reduce populations' travel times to get vaccinated and (i i ) effectively allocating vaccine doses to minimize waste and unmet need. This problem was further exacerbated by the underlying factors of population vaccine hesitancy and sub-regions' varying capacity levels to administer vaccines to eligible and willing populations. Although simple to implement, commonly used pro rata policies do not capture the complexities of this problem. We propose two alternatives to simple pro rata policies. The first alternative is based on a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model that minimizes the maximum travel duration of patients and aims to achieve an equitable and effective allocation of vaccines to sub-regions while considering capacity and vaccine hesitancy. A second alternative is a heuristic approach that may be more palatable for policymakers who (i ) are not familiar with mathematical modeling, (i i ) are reluctant to use black-box models, and (i i i ) prefer algorithms that are easy to understand and implement. We demonstrate the results of our model through a case study based on real data from the state of Alabama and show that substantial improvements in travel time-based equity are achievable through capacity improvements in a small subset of counties. We perform additional computational experiments that compare the proposed methods in terms of several metrics and demonstrate the promising performance of our model and proposed heuristic. We find that while our mathematical model can achieve equitable and effective vaccine allocation, the proposed heuristic performs better if the goal is to minimize average travel duration. Finally, we explore two model extensions that aim to (i ) lower vaccine hesitancy by allocating vaccines, and (i i ) prioritize vaccine access for certain high-risk sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Sengul Orgut
- Department of Information Systems, Statistics, and Management Science, The University of Alabama, 361 Stadium Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Nickolas Freeman
- Department of Information Systems, Statistics, and Management Science, The University of Alabama, 361 Stadium Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Dwight Lewis
- Department of Management, The University of Alabama, 361 Stadium Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Jason Parton
- Department of Information Systems, Statistics, and Management Science, The University of Alabama, 361 Stadium Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
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8
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Prince M, Kim Y. Secondary Risk in COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: A Theoretical Contribution to the Protection Motivation Paradigm. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE 2023; 17:254-271. [PMID: 37162804 PMCID: PMC10158802 DOI: 10.1177/19367244231159594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an original model that features the emotion of fear of COVID-19 as a direct effect on vaccination intentions. A central research question addressed in the study is what roles do the emotion of fear of contracting COVID-19 and the threat posed by uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination play in levels of vaccination intention? The study used a structural equation model (SEM) and applied the SmartPLS 3.2.6 data analysis tool for model estimation and multivariate analysis variables. A key finding is that vaccination resistance is strongest when fear of COVID-19 is lower, and vaccination threat higher. Vaccination threat appraisal and vaccination intention were found to have a negative relationship. Response costs at higher levels lessen motivation for COVID-19 vaccination. Research implications include research-based targeting of differing segments by their primary fear, either fear of COVID-19 or of the preventative vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Prince
- Southern Connecticut State University,
New Haven, USA
- Melvin Prince, Southern Connecticut State
University Business School, New Haven, CT 06515, USA.
| | - Young Kim
- Southern Connecticut State University,
New Haven, USA
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9
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Vernon-Wilson E, Tetui M, Nanyonjo A, Adil M, Bala A, Nelson D, Sayers E, Waite N, Grindrod K. Unintended consequences of communicating rapid COVID-19 vaccine policy changes- a qualitative study of health policy communication in Ontario, Canada. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:932. [PMID: 37221519 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of the COVID-19 vaccination roll-out depended on clear policy communication and guidance to promote and facilitate vaccine uptake. The rapidly evolving pandemic circumstances led to many vaccine policy amendments. The impact of changing policy on effective vaccine communication and its influence in terms of societal response to vaccine promotion are underexplored; this qualitative research addresses that gap within the extant literature. METHODS Policy communicators and community leaders from urban and rural Ontario participated in semi-structured interviews (N = 29) to explore their experiences of COVID-19 vaccine policy communication. Thematic analysis was used to produce representative themes. RESULTS Analysis showed rapidly changing policy was a barrier to smooth communication and COVID-19 vaccine roll-out. Continual amendments had unintended consequences, stimulating confusion, disrupting community outreach efforts and interrupting vaccine implementation. Policy changes were most disruptive to logistical planning and community engagement work, including community outreach, communicating eligibility criteria, and providing translated vaccine information to diverse communities. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine policy changes that allow for prioritized access can have the unintended consequence of limiting communities' access to information that supports decision making. Rapidly evolving circumstances require a balance between adjusting policy and maintaining simple, consistent public health messages that can readily be translated into action. Information access is a factor in health inequality that needs addressing alongside access to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vernon-Wilson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Moses Tetui
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agnes Nanyonjo
- Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Maisha Adil
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Arthi Bala
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - David Nelson
- Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Emma Sayers
- Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Nancy Waite
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kelly Grindrod
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
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10
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Rando HM, Lordan R, Lee AJ, Naik A, Wellhausen N, Sell E, Kolla L, Gitter A, Greene CS. Application of Traditional Vaccine Development Strategies to SARS-CoV-2. mSystems 2023; 8:e0092722. [PMID: 36861991 PMCID: PMC10134813 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00927-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 150 years, vaccines have revolutionized the relationship between people and disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies such as mRNA vaccines have received attention due to their novelty and successes. However, more traditional vaccine development platforms have also yielded important tools in the worldwide fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A variety of approaches have been used to develop COVID-19 vaccines that are now authorized for use in countries around the world. In this review, we highlight strategies that focus on the viral capsid and outwards, rather than on the nucleic acids inside. These approaches fall into two broad categories: whole-virus vaccines and subunit vaccines. Whole-virus vaccines use the virus itself, in either an inactivated or an attenuated state. Subunit vaccines contain instead an isolated, immunogenic component of the virus. Here, we highlight vaccine candidates that apply these approaches against SARS-CoV-2 in different ways. In a companion article (H. M. Rando, R. Lordan, L. Kolla, E. Sell, et al., mSystems 8:e00928-22, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00928-22), we review the more recent and novel development of nucleic acid-based vaccine technologies. We further consider the role that these COVID-19 vaccine development programs have played in prophylaxis at the global scale. Well-established vaccine technologies have proved especially important to making vaccines accessible in low- and middle-income countries. Vaccine development programs that use established platforms have been undertaken in a much wider range of countries than those using nucleic acid-based technologies, which have been led by wealthy Western countries. Therefore, these vaccine platforms, though less novel from a biotechnological standpoint, have proven to be extremely important to the management of SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The development, production, and distribution of vaccines is imperative to saving lives, preventing illness, and reducing the economic and social burdens caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines that use cutting-edge biotechnology have played an important role in mitigating the effects of SARS-CoV-2. However, more traditional methods of vaccine development that were refined throughout the 20th century have been especially critical to increasing vaccine access worldwide. Effective deployment is necessary to reducing the susceptibility of the world's population, which is especially important in light of emerging variants. In this review, we discuss the safety, immunogenicity, and distribution of vaccines developed using established technologies. In a separate review, we describe the vaccines developed using nucleic acid-based vaccine platforms. From the current literature, it is clear that the well-established vaccine technologies are also highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 and are being used to address the challenges of COVID-19 globally, including in low- and middle-income countries. This worldwide approach is critical for reducing the devastating impact of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halie M. Rando
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Lee
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amruta Naik
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nils Wellhausen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sell
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Likhitha Kolla
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - COVID-19 Review Consortium
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony Gitter
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Casey S. Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Kreps SE, Kriner DL. Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination and the social contract: evidence from Italy. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:60. [PMID: 37087511 PMCID: PMC10122449 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Confronted with stalled vaccination efforts against COVID-19, many governments embraced mandates and other measures to incentivize vaccination that excluded the unvaccinated from aspects of social and economic life. Even still, many citizens remained unvaccinated. We advance a social contract framework for understanding who remains unvaccinated and why. We leverage both observational and individual-level survey evidence from Italy to study the relationship between vaccination status and social context, social trust, political partisanship, and adherence to core institutional structures such as the rule of law and collective commitments. We find that attitudes toward the rule of law and collective commitments outside the domain of vaccination are strongly associated with compliance with vaccine mandates and incentives. Partisanship also corresponds with vaccine behaviors, as supporters of parties whose leaders criticized aggressive policies to incentivize or mandate vaccination and emphasized individual liberty are least likely to comply. Our findings suggest appeals emphasizing individual benefits may be more effective than appeals emphasizing collective responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kreps
- Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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12
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Campbell E, Dobkin J, Osorio LJ, Kolloli A, Ramasamy S, Kumar R, Sant'Angelo DB, Subbian S, Denzin LK, Anderson S. A SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Designed for Manufacturability Results in Unexpected Potency and Non-Waning Humoral Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040832. [PMID: 37112744 PMCID: PMC10145385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of several highly efficacious SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was an unprecedented scientific achievement that saved millions of lives. However, now that SARS-CoV-2 is transitioning to the endemic stage, there exists an unmet need for new vaccines that provide durable immunity and protection against variants and can be more easily manufactured and distributed. Here, we describe a novel protein component vaccine candidate, MT-001, based on a fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that encompasses the receptor binding domain (RBD). Mice and hamsters immunized with a prime-boost regimen of MT-001 demonstrated extremely high anti-spike IgG titers, and remarkably this humoral response did not appreciably wane for up to 12 months following vaccination. Further, virus neutralization titers, including titers against variants such as Delta and Omicron BA.1, remained high without the requirement for subsequent boosting. MT-001 was designed for manufacturability and ease of distribution, and we demonstrate that these attributes are not inconsistent with a highly immunogenic vaccine that confers durable and broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants. These properties suggest MT-001 could be a valuable new addition to the toolbox of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other interventions to prevent infection and curtail additional morbidity and mortality from the ongoing worldwide pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Campbell
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Macrotope, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Julie Dobkin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Louis J Osorio
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Derek B Sant'Angelo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lisa K Denzin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Stephen Anderson
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Macrotope, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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13
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Kraus C, Guardado R, Wurcel AG. Corrections Officers' and Sheriffs' Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccine Operationalization. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2023; 29:150-155. [PMID: 36809061 PMCID: PMC10325811 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.21.12.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Justice-involved populations are at an elevated risk for infectious disease transmission and have been profoundly negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is being utilized as a primary tool for prevention and protection from serious infection in carceral settings. We examined the barriers and facilitators to vaccine distribution by surveying key stakeholders-sheriffs and corrections officers-in these settings. Most respondents felt prepared for rollout, although they still identified significant barriers to operationalization of vaccine distribution. Barriers ranked highest by stakeholders were vaccine hesitancy and problems related to deficits in communication and planning. There is enormous opportunity to install practices that will address the significant barriers being faced to efficient vaccine distribution and amplify existing facilitators. These could include, for example, the incorporation of in-person community communication models for discussion of the vaccine (and hesitancy) in carceral facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kraus
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rubeen Guardado
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alysse G. Wurcel
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Seo P, Winthrop K, Sawalha AH, Choi S, Park HA, Hwang W, Lee EB, Park JK. Physician Perspectives on Vaccination in Patients With Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: An International Survey. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:246-251. [PMID: 36319001 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perspective of physicians who care for patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIIRD) toward vaccination. METHODS Physicians who care for patients with AIIRD were invited to participate in an online survey regarding their vaccination perspectives in adult patients with AIIRD. RESULTS Survey responses of 370 physicians from Asia (41.1%), North America (41.6%), Europe (13.8%), and other countries (3.5%) were analyzed. Participants stated that rheumatologists (58.2%) should be primarily responsible for vaccination coverage, followed by general internists (19.3%) and family medicine practitioners (12.8%). Additionally, 96.7% of participants considered vaccination very important (≥ 4/5 rating) for patients with AIIRD. Despite these sentiments, only one-third (37%) reported vaccinating the majority (≥ 60%) of their patients. CONCLUSION Physicians who care for patients with AIIRD agree that vaccines are effective and safe in patients with AIIRD. Unfortunately, they often do not ensure that their patients are adequately vaccinated. Further studies are needed to investigate how to improve vaccination coverage for this high-risk patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Seo
- P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Winthrop
- K. Winthrop, MD, MPH, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- A.H. Sawalha, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Serim Choi
- S. Choi, MD, E.B. Lee, MD, PhD, J.K. Park, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Park
- H.A. Park, MD, MPH, PhD, Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woochang Hwang
- W. Hwang, PhD, Department of Pre-Medicine, College of Medicine, and Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- S. Choi, MD, E.B. Lee, MD, PhD, J.K. Park, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- S. Choi, MD, E.B. Lee, MD, PhD, J.K. Park, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;
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15
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Redelmeier DA, Wang J, Thiruchelvam D. COVID Vaccine Hesitancy and Risk of a Traffic Crash. Am J Med 2023; 136:153-162.e5. [PMID: 36470796 PMCID: PMC9716428 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccine hesitancy is a reflection of psychology that might also contribute to traffic safety. We tested whether COVID vaccination was associated with the risks of a traffic crash. METHODS We conducted a population-based longitudinal cohort analysis of adults and determined COVID vaccination status through linkages to individual electronic medical records. Traffic crashes requiring emergency medical care were subsequently identified by multicenter outcome ascertainment of all hospitals in the region over a 1-month follow-up interval (178 separate centers). RESULTS A total of 11,270,763 individuals were included, of whom 16% had not received a COVID vaccine and 84% had received a COVID vaccine. The cohort accounted for 6682 traffic crashes during follow-up. Unvaccinated individuals accounted for 1682 traffic crashes (25%), equal to a 72% increased relative risk compared with those vaccinated (95% confidence interval, 63-82; P < 0.001). The increased traffic risks among unvaccinated individuals extended to diverse subgroups, was similar to the relative risk associated with sleep apnea, and was equal to a 48% increase after adjustment for age, sex, home location, socioeconomic status, and medical diagnoses (95% confidence interval, 40-57; P < 0.001). The increased risks extended across the spectrum of crash severity, appeared similar for Pfizer, Moderna, or other vaccines, and were validated in supplementary analyses of crossover cases, propensity scores, and additional controls. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that COVID vaccine hesitancy is associated with significant increased risks of a traffic crash. An awareness of these risks might help to encourage more COVID vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Redelmeier
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ont, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ont, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, Ont, Canada; Division of General Internal Medicine; Center for Leading Injury Prevention Practice Education & Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ont, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, Ont, Canada
| | - Deva Thiruchelvam
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ont, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, Ont, Canada
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16
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Shragai T, Adegoke OJ, Ikwe H, Sorungbe T, Haruna A, Williams I, Okonkwo R, Onu K, Asekun A, Gberikon M, Iwara E, Abimiku A, Rufai A, Okposen B, Gidudu J, Lam E, Bolu O. Implementation of data triangulation and dashboard development for COVID-19 vaccine adverse event following immunisation (AEFI) data in Nigeria. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-011006. [PMID: 36650016 PMCID: PMC9852739 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigeria began administering COVID-19 vaccines on 5 March 2021 and is working towards the WHO's African regional goal to fully vaccinate 70% of their eligible population by December 2022. Nigeria's COVID-19 vaccination information system includes a surveillance system for COVID-19 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), but as of April 2021, AEFI data were being collected and managed by multiple groups and lacked routine analysis and use for action. To fill this gap in COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring, between April 2021 and June 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with other implementing partners led by the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, supported the Government of Nigeria to triangulate existing COVID-19 AEFI data. This paper describes the process of implementing published draft guidelines for data triangulation for COVID-19 AEFI data in Nigeria. Here, we focus on the process of implementing data triangulation rather than analysing the results and impacts of triangulation. Work began by mapping the flow of COVID-19 AEFI data, engaging stakeholders and building a data management system to intake and store all shared data. These datasets were used to create an online dashboard with key indicators selected based on existing WHO guidelines and national guidance. The dashboard went through an iterative review before dissemination to stakeholders. This case study highlights a successful example of implementing data triangulation for rapid use of AEFI data for decision-making and emphasises the importance of stakeholder engagement and strong data governance structures to make data triangulation successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Shragai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Hadley Ikwe
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Aminu Haruna
- University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rita Okonkwo
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Onu
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adeyelu Asekun
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Emem Iwara
- University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alash'le Abimiku
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria,University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmed Rufai
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bassey Okposen
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jane Gidudu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eugene Lam
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Omotayo Bolu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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17
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Yu L, Qiao J, Ming WK, Wu Y. Megastudies: A New Approach to Reducing Vaccine Hesitation Worldwide. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:133. [PMID: 36679978 PMCID: PMC9865671 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a considerable obstacle to achieving vaccine protection worldwide. There needs to be more evidence-based research for interventions for vaccine hesitancy. Existing effectiveness evaluations are limited to one particular hypothesis, and no studies have compared the effectiveness of different interventions. A megastudy takes a large-scale, multi-intervention, uniform participant and the same evaluation criteria approach to evaluate many interventions simultaneously and find the most effective ones. Therefore, megastudies can help us find the most effective interventions for vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, considering the complex causes of vaccine hesitancy, we design interventions that involve social factors in megastudies. Lastly, quality control and justice are critical issues for megastudies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yu
- Health Care System Reform and Development Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiao
- Jinhe Center for Economic Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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18
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Meltzer GY, Harris J, Hefner M, Lanternier P, Gershon RR, Vlahov D, Merdjanoff AA. Associations Between COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Socio-Spatial Factors in NYC Transit Workers 50 Years and Older. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 96:76-90. [PMID: 35702009 PMCID: PMC9204133 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This analysis investigates how age, race/ethnicity, and geographic location contributed to vaccine hesitancy in a sample of 645 New York City (NYC) Transport Workers Union (TWU), Local 100 members surveyed in August 2020. Union members ages 50+ were 46% less likely to be vaccine hesitant than their younger counterparts (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42, 0.97). Non-Whites (OR 3.95; 95% 2.44, 6.39) and those who did not report their race (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.87, 5.12) were significantly more likely to be vaccine hesitant than Whites. Those who were not concerned about contracting COVID-19 in the community had 1.83 greater odds (95% CI 1.12, 2.98) of being vaccine hesitant than those who were concerned. Older respondents tended to reside in Queens while vaccine hesitant and non-White respondents were clustered in Brooklyn. General trends observed in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persist in a population of high risk, non-healthcare essential workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Y. Meltzer
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Harris
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michelle Hefner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paula Lanternier
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robyn R.M. Gershon
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Vlahov
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA
| | - Alexis A. Merdjanoff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Ripon RK, Motahara U, Alam A, Ishadi KS, Sarker MS. A meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccines acceptance among black/African American. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12300. [PMID: 36530926 PMCID: PMC9737518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had harmed Black/African Americans disproportionately. Mortality and morbidity can reduce by increasing vaccination acceptability and availability. We conducted a meta-analysis of 20 studies that show the prevalence of Black/African Americans who embrace COVID-19 vaccination between 2020 and September, 2022. Investigations conducted before and after the availability of COVID-19 vaccines found the vaccinations effective. The heterogeneity was examined using stratified analyses, the meta-regression approach, and sensitivity analysis in R programming language. This meta-analysis showed that the overall COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black/African Americans is 35% (95% CI: 26%-45%). That means 65% of Black African Americans received vaccines without any hesitancy. According to correlation analysis, there was a negative relationship (r = -0.392, P = 0.021) between the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the survey year. Evidence suggests ethnic health disparities in Black/African Americans were for lower socioeconomic status. Some initiatives had to address health disparities, while ethnicity had not consistently been a focus. Only vaccines can prevent COVID-19 like infectious diseases. Policy makers and health educators should concern on vaccine acceptance or hesitancy related programs among Black/African American.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezaul Karim Ripon
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umma Motahara
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Alam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kifayat Sadmam Ishadi
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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20
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Mangat HS, Musah A, Luedtke S, Syed AA, Maramattom BV, Maruthanal J, Bosman A, Kostkova P. Analyses of reported severe adverse events after immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the United States: One year on. Front Public Health 2022; 10:972464. [PMID: 36311588 PMCID: PMC9610110 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.972464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze rates of reported severe adverse events after immunization (sAEFI) attributed to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the United States (US) using safety surveillance data. Methods Observational study of sAEFI reported to the vaccine adverse events reporting system (VAERS) between December 13, 2020, to December 13, 2021, and attributed to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs across all US states and territories. All sAEFI in conjunction with mRNA (BNT-162b2 or mRNA-1273) or adenovector (Ad26.COV2.S) vaccines were included. The 28-day crude cumulative rates for reported emergency department (ED) visits and sAEFI viz. hospitalizations, life-threatening events and deaths following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were calculated. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of reported sAEFI were compared between mRNA and adenovector vaccines using generalized Poisson regression models. Results During the study period, 485 million SARS-CoV-2 vaccines doses were administered nationwide, and 88,626 sAEFI reported in VAERS. The 28-day crude cumulative reporting rates per 100,000 doses were 14.97 (95% confidence interval, 14.86-18.38) for ED visits, 5.32 (5.26-5.39) for hospitalizations, 1.72 (1.68-1.76) for life-threatening events, and 1.08 (1.05-1.11) for deaths. Females had two-fold rates for any reported AEFI compared to males, but lower adjusted IRRs for sAEFI. Cumulative rates per dose for reported sAEFI attributed to adenovector vaccine were 2-3-fold higher, and adjusted IRRs 1.5-fold higher than mRNA vaccines. Conclusions Overall cumulative rates for reported sAEFI following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the US over 1 year were very low; single-dose adenovector vaccine had 1.5-fold higher adjusted rates for reported sAEFI, which may however equate with multiple-doses mRNA vaccine regimens. These data indicate absence of high risks of sAEFI following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and support safety equipoise between mRNA and adenovector vaccines. Public health messaging of these data is critical to overcome heuristic biases. Furthermore, these data may support ongoing adenovector vaccine use, especially in low- and middle-income countries due to affordability, logistical and cold chain challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halinder S. Mangat
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,*Correspondence: Halinder S. Mangat
| | - Anwar Musah
- UCL Centre for Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), Institute for Risk & Disaster Reduction, Faculty of Mathematics & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Luedtke
- Division of Infection Control, COVID-19 Management Group and Vaccine Implementation Team, Public Health Authority, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Akheel A. Syed
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joel Maruthanal
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Arnold Bosman
- Transmissible BV, Public Health Learning Solutions, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Patty Kostkova
- UCL Centre for Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), Institute for Risk & Disaster Reduction, Faculty of Mathematics & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Nuwarda RF, Ramzan I, Weekes L, Kayser V. Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101595. [PMID: 36298459 PMCID: PMC9612044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, despite being recognized as one of the most effective primary public health measures, is viewed as unsafe and unnecessary by an increasing number of individuals. Anxiety about vaccines and vaccination programs leading to vaccine hesitancy results from a complex mix of social and political influences, cultural and religious beliefs, the availability of and ability to interpret health and scientific information, and personal and population experiences of health systems and government policies. Vaccine hesitancy is becoming a serious threat to vaccination programs, and was identified as one of the World Health Organization’s top ten global health threats in 2019. The negative impact of anti-vaccination movements is frequently cited as one of the major reasons for rising vaccine hesitancy amongst the general public world-wide. This review discusses the various issues surrounding vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement, starting with the definitions of vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement in their early history and in the modern era, before discussing the key drivers of vaccine hesitancy, particularly across different regions of the world, with a focus on various countries with low-, middle-, or high-income economies with different socio-economic populations. The review concludes with the impact of vaccine hesitancy on herd immunity and social, psychological, and public health measures to counter vaccine hesitancy.
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22
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Real-world impact of vaccination on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in healthcare personnel at an academic medical center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022; 43:1194-1200. [PMID: 34287111 PMCID: PMC8353192 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination effectiveness in healthcare personnel (HCP) has been established. However, questions remain regarding its performance in high-risk healthcare occupations and work locations. We describe the effect of a COVID-19 HCP vaccination campaign on SARS-CoV-2 infection by timing of vaccination, job type, and work location. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, incidence of postvaccination COVID-19, hospitalization, and mortality among 16,156 faculty, students, and staff at a large academic medical center. Data were collected 8 weeks prior to the start of phase 1a vaccination of frontline employees and ended 11 weeks after campaign onset. RESULTS The COVID-19 incidence rate among HCP at our institution decreased from 3.2% during the 8 weeks prior to the start of vaccinations to 0.38% by 4 weeks after campaign initiation. COVID-19 risk was reduced among individuals who received a single vaccination (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.68; P < .0001) and was further reduced with 2 doses of vaccine (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09-0.32; P < .0001). By 2 weeks after the second dose, the observed case positivity rate was 0.04%. Among phase 1a HCP, we observed a lower risk of COVID-19 among physicians and a trend toward higher risk for respiratory therapists independent of vaccination status. Rates of infection were similar in a subgroup of nurses when examined by work location. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in HCP. Despite these encouraging results, unvaccinated HCP remain at an elevated risk of infection, highlighting the need for targeted outreach to combat vaccine hesitancy.
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23
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Goldman RD, Seiler M, Olson PG, Hart RJ, Bone JN, Baumer-Mouradian SH. Factors associated with unvaccinated caregivers who plan to vaccinate their children. Prev Med 2022; 162:107121. [PMID: 35863584 PMCID: PMC9290374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is complex and a threat to global public health during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to determine factors associated with caregivers' willingness to vaccinate children despite not being immunized themselves against COVID-19. The International COVID-19 Parental Attitude Study (COVIPAS), a multinational cohort study, recruited caregivers of children 0-18 years old in 21 Emergency Departments (EDs) in USA, Canada, Israel, and Switzerland during November-December 2021. Of a total of 4536 caregivers who completed the survey, 882 (19.4%) were unvaccinated, and 62 (7.0%) of the unvaccinated planned to vaccinate their children. Unvaccinated caregivers with children that had their childhood vaccines up-to-date (OR 3.03 (1.36, 8.09), p = 0.01), and those very worried their child has COVID-19 in the ED (OR 3.11 (1.44, 6.34), p < 0.01) were much more likely to plan to immunize their children. Primary care providers and public health agencies should not assume that unvaccinated parents will not vaccinate their children. Determining child's vaccination status and parental level of concern about COVID-19 may help identify caregivers who are open to give their children the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Goldman
- The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - M Seiler
- Emergency Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - P G Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - R J Hart
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - J N Bone
- Research Informatics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - S H Baumer-Mouradian
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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24
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Velikova T. Vaccines and autoimmunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Immunol 2022; 12:9-14. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v12.i2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To control the pandemic, efficient vaccines must be applied to the population, including patients with autoimmune diseases. Therefore, one can expect that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines may influence the underlying autoimmune processes in these patients. Additionally, it is essential to understand whether COVID-19 vaccines would be effective, safe, and provide long-lasting immunological protection and memory. However, the currently available and approved COVID-19 vaccines turned out to be safe, effective, and reliable in patients with autoimmune inflammatory and rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, most patients said they felt safer after getting vaccinations for COVID-19 and reported enhanced overall quality of life and psychological wellbeing. In general, the COVID-19 vaccines have been highly tolerated by autoimmune patients. Such findings might comfort patients who are reluctant to use COVID-19 vaccines and assist doctors in guiding their patients into receiving vaccinations more easily and quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
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25
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Luo A, Oakley A. Cutaneous adverse reactions following the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Australas J Dermatol 2022; 63:e247-e250. [PMID: 35607272 PMCID: PMC9347873 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of cutaneous adverse reactions have been reported following the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine. We describe a series of twenty patients who developed a variety of cutaneous conditions within two weeks of receiving the Pfizer/ BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luo
- Department of DermatologyWaikato District Health BoardHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Amanda Oakley
- Department of DermatologyWaikato District Health BoardHamiltonNew Zealand
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26
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Li H. To vaccinate or not: The relationship between conscientiousness and individual attitudes toward vaccination in real-life contexts. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:376-382. [PMID: 35325488 PMCID: PMC9115340 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine being well-recognized as a critical tool to end the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals remain vaccine hesitant for various reasons. In the literature, one well-established finding is that skeptical attitudes towards vaccination are higher amongst individuals low in conscientiousness. However, no research is available to corroborate whether the relationship between conscientiousness and intention to vaccinate has force in real life. The present research investigated whether, in addition to self-reported conscientiousness, objectively observable index of conscientiousness behaviors is related to individual perception of vaccination. Based on self-reported data, Study 1 fully replicated prior findings that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with more positive attitudes towards vaccination in a Chinese student sample. Using the time of arrival for an appointment as a proxy measure for conscientiousness behaviors, Study 2 revealed that non-student adults who arrived early to appointments showed stronger COVID-vaccine uptake intentions than those who arrived late to appointments. Moving beyond vaccination intention to actual behavior, Study 3 found that the arrival punctuality rates of vaccinated participants were higher than those of unvaccinated participants. Overall, our research highlights the important role of conscientiousness-related traits in individuals' COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- College of International StudiesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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27
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Patel KM, Shafiq M, Malik AA, Cobanoglu A, Klotz M, Eric Humphries J, Lee A, Murray T, Wilkinson D, Yildirim I, Elharake JA, Diaz R, Rojas R, Kuperwajs Cohen A, Omer SB, Gilliam WS. Relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers: A prospective cohort study. Vaccine 2022; 40:4098-4104. [PMID: 35660329 PMCID: PMC9135692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers remains unknown. If unvaccinated child care providers are also less likely to employ nonpharmaceutical interventions, then a vaccine mandate across child care programs may have larger health and safety benefits. METHODS To assess and quantify the relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers, we conducted a prospective cohort study of child care providers (N = 20,013) from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Child care providers were asked to complete a self-administered email survey in May-June 2020 assessing the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions (predictors) and a follow-up survey in May-June 2021 assessing COVID-19 vaccination (outcome). Nonpharmaceutical interventions were dichotomized as personal mitigation measures (e.g., masking, social distancing, handwashing) and classroom mitigation measures (e.g., temperature checks of staff/children, symptom screening for staff/children, cohorting). RESULTS For each unendorsed personal mitigation measure during 2020, the likelihood of vaccination in 2021 decreased by 7% (Risk Ratio = 0.93 [95% CI 0.93 - 0.95]). No significant association was found between classroom mitigation measures and child care provider vaccination (Risk Ratio = 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.01]). CONCLUSIONS Child care providers who used fewer personal mitigation measures were also less likely to get vaccinated for COVID-19 as an alternative form of protection. The combined nonadherence to multiple types of preventative health behaviors, that is, both nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination, among some child care providers may support a role for mandatory vaccination to achieve pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehr Shafiq
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amyn A Malik
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ayse Cobanoglu
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madeline Klotz
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Aiden Lee
- Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Wilkinson
- Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Tobin Center for Economic Policy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jad A Elharake
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Diaz
- Tobin Center for Economic Policy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rosalia Rojas
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Saad B Omer
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walter S Gilliam
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Larson
- From the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle (H.J.L., E.G., C.J.L.M.); and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (H.J.L.)
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- From the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle (H.J.L., E.G., C.J.L.M.); and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (H.J.L.)
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- From the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle (H.J.L., E.G., C.J.L.M.); and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (H.J.L.)
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29
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Brownstein NC, Reddy H, Whiting J, Kasting ML, Head KJ, Vadaparampil ST, Giuliano AR, Gwede CK, Meade CD, Christy SM. COVID-19 vaccine behaviors and intentions among a national sample of United States adults ages 18-45. Prev Med 2022; 160:107038. [PMID: 35398369 PMCID: PMC8988441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 illness, is an important public health tool to reduce hospitalizations and deaths. PURPOSE This report focuses on intentions and behaviors related to COVID-19 vaccination among United States (U.S.) adults ages 18-45. METHODS From February 25-March 24, 2021, we conducted an online survey assessing COVID-19 vaccine intentions and behaviors, health beliefs, vaccine attitudes, and sociodemographic characteristics. Participants were adults aged 18-45, living throughout the U.S. with oversampling in Florida, panelists of a research panel company directly or via verified partners, and able to read, write, and understand English. Associations between COVID-19 vaccination uptake, intentions, and other study variables were examined through multivariable logistic and proportional odds regression analyses. RESULTS Among participants in the final analytic sample (n = 2722), 18% reported having received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Approximately 31% of unvaccinated participants reported strong intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in the next year, whereas 35% reported strong intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine if it were strongly recommended by a healthcare provider. All COVID-19 vaccination outcomes were associated with male gender, sexual minority status, higher levels of education, and previous influenza vaccination. All vaccination intention outcomes were associated with vaccine attitudes and geographic region. Vaccination status and intentions were differentially associated with multiple additional sociodemographic, attitudinal, and/or healthcare experience variables. CONCLUSIONS Several demographic variables, vaccine attitudes, and healthcare experiences were found to contribute to COVID-19 vaccine receipt and intentions. Targeted efforts are necessary to increase uptake of the vaccine in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Brownstein
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, United States of America.
| | - Harika Reddy
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, United States of America
| | - Junmin Whiting
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Monica L Kasting
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Katharine J Head
- Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Susan T Vadaparampil
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Clement K Gwede
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Cathy D Meade
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Christy
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
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30
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Peters MD. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and resistance for COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 131:104241. [PMID: 35489108 PMCID: PMC8972969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccine rollout has had various degrees of success in different countries. Achieving high levels of vaccine coverage is key to responding to and mitigating the impact of the pandemic on health and aged care systems and the community. In many countries, vaccine hesitancy, resistance, and refusal are emerging as significant barriers to immunisation uptake and the relaxation of policies that limit everyday life. Vaccine hesitancy/ resistance/ refusal is complex and multi-faceted. Individuals and groups have diverse and often multiple reasons for delaying or refusing vaccination. These reasons include: social determinants of health, convenience, ease of availability and access, health literacy understandability and clarity of information, judgements around risk versus benefit, notions of collective versus individual responsibility, trust or mistrust of authority or healthcare, and personal or group beliefs, customs, or ideologies. Published evidence suggests that targeting and adapting interventions to particular population groups, contexts, and specific reasons for vaccine hesitancy/ resistance may enhance the effectiveness of interventions. While evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions to address vaccine hesitancy and improve uptake is limited and generally unable to underpin any specific strategy, multi-pronged interventions are promising. In many settings, mandating vaccination, particularly for those working in health or high risk/ transmission industries, has been implemented or debated by Governments, decision-makers, and health authorities. While mandatory vaccination is effective for seasonal influenza uptake amongst healthcare workers, this evidence may not be appropriately transferred to the context of COVID-19. Financial or other incentives for addressing vaccine hesitancy may have limited effectiveness with much evidence for benefit appearing to have been translated across from other public/preventive health issues such as smoking cessation. Multicomponent, dialogue-based (i.e., communication) interventions are effective in addressing vaccine hesitancy/resistance. Multicomponent interventions that encompasses the following might be effective: (i) targeting specific groups such as unvaccinated/under-vaccinated groups or healthcare workers, (ii) increasing vaccine knowledge and awareness, (iii) enhanced access and convenience of vaccination, (iv) mandating vaccination or implementing sanctions against non-vaccination, (v) engaging religious and community leaders, (vi) embedding new vaccine knowledge and evidence in routine health practices and procedures, and (vii) addressing mistrust and improving trust in healthcare providers and institutions via genuine engagement and dialogue. It is universally important that healthcare professionals and representative groups, as often highly trusted sources of health guidance, should be closely involved in policymaker and health authority decisions regarding the establishment and implementation of vaccine recommendations and interventions to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah D.J. Peters
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, City East Campus
- Centenary Building P4-32 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Nursing School, Adelaide, SA, Australia,The Centre for Evidence-based Practice South Australia (CEPSA): A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Australia,Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) Federal Office, Australia,Correspondence to: University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, City East Campus
- Centenary Building P4-32 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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31
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Sociopolitical and psychological correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States during summer 2021. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115112. [PMID: 35700550 PMCID: PMC9167731 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy and refusal continue to hamper COVID-19 control efforts. Throughout the pandemic, scientists and journalists have attributed lagging COVID-19 vaccination rates to a shifting set of factors including demography, experiences during the height of the pandemic, political views, and beliefs in conspiracy theories and misinformation, among others. However, these factors have rarely been tested comprehensively, in tandem, or alongside other potentially underlying psychological factors, thus limiting our understanding of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This cross-sectional study assesses a diverse set of correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy identified in previous studies using US survey data (N = 2055) collected in July–August 2021. The survey contained modules designed to assess various sociopolitical domains and anti- and pro-social personality characteristics hypothesized to shape vaccine hesitancy. Using logistic and multinomial regression, we found that the strongest correlate of vaccine hesitancy was belief in misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccines, though we surmise that this common explanation may be endogenous to vaccine hesitancy. Political beliefs explained more variation in vaccine hesitancy—and in particular, vaccine refusal—after belief in COVID-19 vaccine misinformation was excluded from the analysis. Our findings help reconcile numerous disparate findings across the literature with implications for health education and future research.
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32
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Schäfer A, Martinez DR, Won JJ, Meganck RM, Moreira FR, Brown AJ, Gully KL, Zweigart MR, Conrad WS, May SR, Dong S, Kalla R, Chun K, Du Pont V, Babusis D, Tang J, Murakami E, Subramanian R, Barrett KT, Bleier BJ, Bannister R, Feng JY, Bilello JP, Cihlar T, Mackman RL, Montgomery SA, Baric RS, Sheahan TP. Therapeutic treatment with an oral prodrug of the remdesivir parental nucleoside is protective against SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm3410. [PMID: 35315683 PMCID: PMC8995034 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains uncontrolled despite the rapid rollout of safe and effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, underscoring the need to develop highly effective antivirals. In the setting of waning immunity from infection and vaccination, breakthrough infections are becoming increasingly common and treatment options remain limited. In addition, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, with their potential to escape neutralization by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, emphasizes the need to develop second-generation oral antivirals targeting highly conserved viral proteins that can be rapidly deployed to outpatients. Here, we demonstrate the in vitro antiviral activity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of GS-621763, an orally bioavailable prodrug of GS-441524, the parent nucleoside of remdesivir, which targets the highly conserved virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. GS-621763 exhibited antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in lung cell lines and two different human primary lung cell culture systems. GS-621763 was also potently antiviral against a genetically unrelated emerging coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). The dose-proportional pharmacokinetic profile observed after oral administration of GS-621763 translated to dose-dependent antiviral activity in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic GS-621763 administration reduced viral load and lung pathology; treatment also improved pulmonary function in COVID-19 mouse model. A direct comparison of GS-621763 with molnupiravir, an oral nucleoside analog antiviral that has recently received EUA approval, proved both drugs to be similarly efficacious in mice. These data support the exploration of GS-441524 oral prodrugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - John J. Won
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rita M. Meganck
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fernando R. Moreira
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ariane J. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark R. Zweigart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William S. Conrad
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Samantha R. May
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rao Kalla
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Kwon Chun
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joy Y. Feng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | | | - Tomas Cihlar
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | | | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Timothy P. Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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33
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Whipps MD, Phipps JE, Simmons LA. Measuring Evidence-Based Viral Respiratory Illness Mitigation Behaviors in Pregnant Populations: Development and Validation of a Short, Single-Factor Scale During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e179. [PMID: 35492019 PMCID: PMC9237493 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers and public health professionals need to better understand individual engagement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation behaviors to reduce the human and societal costs of the current pandemic and prepare for future respiratory pandemics. We suggest that developing measures of individual mitigation behaviors and testing them among high-risk individuals, including pregnant people, may help to reduce overall morbidity and mortality by quickly identifying targets for messaging around mitigation until sufficient vaccination uptake is reached. METHODS We surveyed pregnant people in California over 2 waves of the COVID-19 pandemic to explore mitigation behaviors. We developed and validated a novel Viral Respiratory Illness Mitigation Scale (VRIMS). RESULTS Seven measures loaded onto a single factor with good psychometric properties. The overall sample scale average was high over both waves, indicating that most pregnant Californians engaged in most of the strategies most of the time. Older participants, minoritized participants, those living in more urban contexts, and those surveyed during a surge reported engaging in these strategies most frequently. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and researchers should consider using reliable, validated measures like the VRIMS to identify individuals and communities that may benefit from additional education on reducing risk for COVID-19, future respiratory pandemics, or even seasonal flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie D.M. Whipps
- University of California, Davis, Department of Human Ecology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Phipps
- University of California, Davis, Department of Human Ecology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Simmons
- University of California, Davis, Department of Human Ecology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, Davis, CA, USA
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34
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Puertas EB, Velandia-Gonzalez M, Vulanovic L, Bayley L, Broome K, Ortiz C, Rise N, Vera Antelo M, Rhoda DA. Concerns, attitudes, and intended practices of Caribbean healthcare workers concerning COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 9:100193. [PMID: 35136868 PMCID: PMC8812828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Caribbean has a long history of being a global leader in immunization, and one factor contributing to this success has been the commitment of healthcare workers in promoting the benefits of vaccines. Healthcare workers play a critical role in building trust between the public and the immunization program and are generally cited as the most trusted source of information on vaccination. Healthcare workers themselves, therefore, must be confident in vaccination as a public health good and able to transmit this confidence to those who trust them. However, just as with the general public, healthcare workers develop confidence at different rates and may be susceptible to misinformation about vaccines. METHODS During April and May 2021, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) conducted a mixed-methods survey to assess vaccination attitudes, opinions, and reasoning of 1197 healthcare workers across 14 Caribbean countries. FINDINGS Seventy-seven percent of respondents expressed clear intention to be vaccinated for COVID-19 as soon as possible. Intention to be vaccinated as soon as possible was expressed by lower proportions of nurses (66%) and allied health professionals (62%) than physicians (85%) and by younger respondents than older ones (64% vs. 85%, respectively; p < 0.001 for all these comparisons). Across 32 questions about attitudes and opinions, vaccine hesitancy was consistently expressed by higher proportions of nurses and allied health professionals than physicians and by younger respondents than older ones. INTERPRETATION Insights from the survey are helping PAHO address healthcare worker concerns with informative messages and supporting countries in policy development to increase vaccine confidence and coverage among Caribbean healthcare workers. FUNDING This work has been sponsored by the World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization, the Government of Germany and The Gavi Alliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Benjamin Puertas
- Pan American Health Organization, Office of the Subregional Program Coordination, Caribbean, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Martha Velandia-Gonzalez
- Pan American Health Organization, Family, Health Promotion and Life Course Department, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren Vulanovic
- Pan American Health Organization, Family, Health Promotion and Life Course Department, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lisa Bayley
- Pan American Health Organization, Office of the Subregional Program Coordination, Caribbean, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Karen Broome
- Pan American Health Organization, Office of the Subregional Program Coordination, Caribbean, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Pan American Health Organization, Family, Health Promotion and Life Course Department, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nina Rise
- Pan American Health Organization, Office of the Subregional Program Coordination, Caribbean, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Maite Vera Antelo
- Pan American Health Organization, Family, Health Promotion and Life Course Department, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Washington, DC, USA
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Nolan MS, Daguise V, Davis M, Duwve JM, Sherrill WW, Heo M, Litwin AH, Kanyangarara M, Self S, Huang R, Eberth JM, Gual-Gonzalez L, Lynn MK, Korte J. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Incidence, Antibody Point Prevalence, Associated Population Characteristics, and Vaccine Attitudes, South Carolina, February 2021. Public Health Rep 2022; 137:457-462. [PMID: 35264040 PMCID: PMC9109547 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from October 2020 through February 2021 was the largest outbreak as of February 2021, and timely information on current representative prevalence, vaccination, and loss of prior antibody protection was unknown. In February 2021, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control conducted a random sampling point prevalence investigation consisting of viral and antibody testing and an associated health survey, after selecting participants aged ≥5 years using a population proportionate to size of South Carolina residents. A total of 1917 residents completed a viral test, 1803 completed an antibody test, and 1463 completed ≥1 test and a matched health survey. We found an incidence of 2.16 per 100 residents and seroprevalence of 16.4% among South Carolina residents aged ≥5 years. Undetectable immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies were noted in 28% of people with a previous positive test result, highlighting the need for targeted education among people who may be susceptible to reinfection. We also found a low rate of vaccine hesitancy in the state (13%). The results of this randomly selected surveillance and associated health survey have important implications for prospective COVID-19 public health response efforts. Most notably, this article provides a feasible framework for prompt rollout of a statewide evidence-based surveillance initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Nolan
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
- South Carolina Department of Health
and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Virginie Daguise
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
- South Carolina Department of Health
and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Megan Davis
- South Carolina Department of Health
and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Joan M. Duwve
- South Carolina Department of Health
and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
- Kansas Department of Health and
Environment, Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Windsor Westbrook Sherrill
- Health Sciences Center, Prisma
Health, Greenville, SC, USA
- Department of Public Health
Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Public Health
Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Alain H. Litwin
- Health Sciences Center, Prisma
Health, Greenville, SC, USA
- Department of Public Health
Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University
of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Mufaro Kanyangarara
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stella Self
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rongjie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jan M. Eberth
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lídia Gual-Gonzalez
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mary K. Lynn
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health,
Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Korte
- Department of Public Health
Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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36
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Bardosh K, de Figueiredo A, Gur-Arie R, Jamrozik E, Doidge J, Lemmens T, Keshavjee S, Graham JE, Baral S. The unintended consequences of COVID-19 vaccine policy: why mandates, passports and restrictions may cause more harm than good. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e008684. [PMID: 35618306 PMCID: PMC9136690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination policies have shifted dramatically during COVID-19 with the rapid emergence of population-wide vaccine mandates, domestic vaccine passports and differential restrictions based on vaccination status. While these policies have prompted ethical, scientific, practical, legal and political debate, there has been limited evaluation of their potential unintended consequences. Here, we outline a comprehensive set of hypotheses for why these policies may ultimately be counterproductive and harmful. Our framework considers four domains: (1) behavioural psychology, (2) politics and law, (3) socioeconomics, and (4) the integrity of science and public health. While current vaccines appear to have had a significant impact on decreasing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality burdens, we argue that current mandatory vaccine policies are scientifically questionable and are likely to cause more societal harm than good. Restricting people's access to work, education, public transport and social life based on COVID-19 vaccination status impinges on human rights, promotes stigma and social polarisation, and adversely affects health and well-being. Current policies may lead to a widening of health and economic inequalities, detrimental long-term impacts on trust in government and scientific institutions, and reduce the uptake of future public health measures, including COVID-19 vaccines as well as routine immunisations. Mandating vaccination is one of the most powerful interventions in public health and should be used sparingly and carefully to uphold ethical norms and trust in institutions. We argue that current COVID-19 vaccine policies should be re-evaluated in light of the negative consequences that we outline. Leveraging empowering strategies based on trust and public consultation, and improving healthcare services and infrastructure, represent a more sustainable approach to optimising COVID-19 vaccination programmes and, more broadly, the health and well-being of the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bardosh
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex de Figueiredo
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rachel Gur-Arie
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Oxford-Johns Hopkins Global Infectious Disease Collaborative (GLIDE), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Euzebiusz Jamrozik
- Oxford-Johns Hopkins Global Infectious Disease Collaborative (GLIDE), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Ethox and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Doidge
- Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (ICNARC), London, UK
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Trudo Lemmens
- Faculty of Law and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salmaan Keshavjee
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janice E Graham
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Danielli S, Ashrafian H, Darzi A. Population health: transformation will happen at the speed of trust. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6568915. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstarct
The societal shocks at the beginning of the 2020s have yet again brought into focus fundamental issues of inequality and distrust. These two corrosive and inter-related factors are the root cause of what inhibits our progress on issues such as improving population health and sustainable healthcare. Based on evidence, the authors provide their perspective to suggests three policy proposals; create a new power social movement for better health and equality; delegation of `old power' to City Mayors; handing over power and privilege to communities. This is the only way we will break the cycle of decreasing trust and increasing inequality and build a happier, healthier, and more resilient society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Danielli
- Kings Health Partners, Guys Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2NA, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2NA, UK
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38
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Beninger P. Need for a contingency dimension when planning vaccine development in a pandemic environment. Vaccine 2022; 40:2895-2896. [PMID: 35422335 PMCID: PMC8995929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yarlagadda H, Patel MA, Gupta V, Bansal T, Upadhyay S, Shaheen N, Jain R. COVID-19 Vaccine Challenges in Developing and Developed Countries. Cureus 2022; 14:e23951. [PMID: 35547442 PMCID: PMC9085716 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant psychological and economical distress. Within a year after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, several vaccines against COVID-19 were approved for emergency use. The journey from vaccine discovery to global herd immunity against COVID-19 continues to present significant challenges revolving around its development, affordability, accessibility, and acceptability at both a country level and an individual level. The main challenge faced by developed countries is the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and the main challenge faced by developing countries is the affordability and accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meet A Patel
- Internal Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, CHN
| | - Vasu Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Toram Bansal
- Internal Medicine, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | | | - Nour Shaheen
- Internal Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
| | - Rohit Jain
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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40
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Zhang L, Dutta S, Xiong S, Chan M, Chan KK, Fan TM, Bailey KL, Lindeblad M, Cooper LM, Rong L, Gugliuzza AF, Shukla D, Procko E, Rehman J, Malik AB. Engineered ACE2 decoy mitigates lung injury and death induced by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:342-351. [PMID: 35046611 PMCID: PMC8885411 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy and emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) escaping vaccine-induced immune responses highlight the urgency for new COVID-19 therapeutics. Engineered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins with augmented binding affinities for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein may prove to be especially efficacious against multiple variants. Using molecular dynamics simulations and functional assays, we show that three amino acid substitutions in an engineered soluble ACE2 protein markedly augmented the affinity for the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 isolate and multiple VOCs: B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). In humanized K18-hACE2 mice infected with the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 or P.1 variant, prophylactic and therapeutic injections of soluble ACE22.v2.4-IgG1 prevented lung vascular injury and edema formation, essential features of CoV-2-induced SARS, and above all improved survival. These studies demonstrate broad efficacy in vivo of an engineered ACE2 decoy against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and point to its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Soumajit Dutta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shiqin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kui K Chan
- Cyrus Biotechnology, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Keith L Bailey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Lindeblad
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura M Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony F Gugliuzza
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Khairat S, Zou B, Adler-Milstein J. Factors and reasons associated with low COVID-19 vaccine uptake among highly hesitant communities in the US. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:262-267. [PMID: 34995722 PMCID: PMC8730806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inability to achieve high COVID-19 vaccination rates can continue to have serious harm to our communities. Vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier towards high vaccination rates. We evaluated the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy, and then examined whether community factors were associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy. METHODS We constructed and evaluated a cross-sectional, county-level dataset that included the levels of vaccination uptake and vaccine hesitancy, and population characteristics based on those included in the CDC's Social Vulnerability Index. RESULTS Across 3142 US counties, vaccine hesitancy was significantly and negatively correlated with vaccine uptake rates (r = -0.06, P value <.01). The 2 predictors associated with a low vaccination level within highly hesitant communities were: no high school education (OR:0.70, P value <.001), and concern on vaccine availability and distribution (CVAC) (OR:0.00, P value <.001). The most common reason driving vaccine hesitancy was lack of trust in COVID-19 vaccines (55%), followed by concerns around side effects of the vaccine (48%), and lack of trust in government (46%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a public health threat. Our findings suggest that low education levels are a major contributor to vaccine hesitancy and ultimately vaccination levels. Since education levels are not easily modifiable, our results suggest that policymakers would be best served by closing knowledge gaps to overcome negative perceptions of the vaccine through tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Khairat
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Carolina Health Informatics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Baiming Zou
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Biostatistics, Gilling's School of Global Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Julia Adler-Milstein
- Center for Clinical Informatics and Improvement Research, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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42
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Morris JL, Baniak LM, Luyster FS, Dunbar-Jacob J. Covid-19 vaccine confidence and hesitancy in nursing students and faculty at a large academic medical center. Nurs Outlook 2022; 70:347-354. [PMID: 34895736 PMCID: PMC8557975 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about nursing faculty and nursing student's confidence or potential hesitancy to receive the Covid-19 vaccine once it was available. METHODS An anonymous electronic survey of nursing students and faculty was conducted at a large academic center in the eastern U.S. FINDINGS Both students and faculty reported they were fairly or completely confident that the vaccine was safe (n = 235, 89.4%) and that it would effectively mitigate their risk (n = 230, 87.5%). There was a 52.6% decrease in vaccine hesitancy from 6 months prior (p <.01); 22% (n = 58) of those currently willing to receive the vaccine reported moderate to high concern about its side-effects and/or long-term efficacy. Access to vaccine research, vaccine education, and watching others be inoculated, had mitigated their concerns from the previous six months. DISCUSSION While both nursing students and faculty reported having high confidence in the efficacy and safety of the Covid-19 vaccine, concerns remained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna L Morris
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Lynn M Baniak
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA
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Facilitators and Barriers of COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion on Social Media in the United States: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020321. [PMID: 35206935 PMCID: PMC8871797 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic has spread internationally through a variety of platforms, including social media. While efforts have been made to help reduce the spread of misinformation on social media, many platforms are still largely unregulated. The influence of social media use on vaccination promotion is not fully understood. This systematic review aims to identify facilitators and barriers associated with vaccine promotion through social media use. Materials and Methods: Reviewers analyzed 25 articles and identified common themes. Facilitators of vaccine promotion included an increase in the efforts of social media companies to reduce misinformation, the use of social media to spread information on public health and vaccine promotion, and the positive influence towards vaccinations of family and friends. Results and Conclusions: Identified barriers to vaccine promotion included the spread of misinformation, decreased vaccine acceptance among users of social media for COVID-19 related information due to polarization, and a lack of regulation on social media platforms. The results of this review provide insight for improving public health campaign promotion on social media and can help inform policy on social media regulation and misinformation prevention.
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Tharwat S, Abdelsalam HA, Abdelsalam A, Nassar MK. COVID-19 Vaccination Intention and Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Rheumatological Diseases: A Survey. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:5931506. [PMID: 35685586 PMCID: PMC9159235 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5931506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy or refusal has arisen as a major global public health concern. The aim of this study was to address the attitudes of patients with autoimmune and autoinflammatory rheumatological diseases (AIIRDs) about COVID-19 vaccination and investigate the factors that influence their decision. Methods This interview-based cross-sectional study was carried out on AIIRD patients at the period between 15 August and 15 September 2021. The questionnaire included socioeconomic data, intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine, AIIRD subtype, disease duration, associated comorbidities, history of COVID-19, beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19, and conventional vaccination in general and COVID-19 vaccine in particular, in addition to COVID-19 vaccination status. Results A total of 206 AIIRD patients were included, with a mean age of 37.61 years (SD = 10.67), and 84% were females. The percentage of vaccine acceptance was 70.39%, while only 16.02% were hesitant and 13.59% were resistant to COVID-19 vaccination. About one-fourth of patients reported getting infected with COVID-19. Of them, 15.1% were hospitalized and 5.7% were admitted at the intensive care unit (ICU). Most of the AIIRD patients (77.2%) believed that they are at a higher risk of getting COVID-19. The main motivation for vaccine acceptance was the fear of being infected (41.4%). About 40% of vaccine nonacceptants fear about the serious side effects of COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion There is a high acceptability rate of COVID-19 vaccination among AIIRD patients. Public health workers and policymakers must emphasize efficient COVID-19 vaccine acceptance messaging for all AIIRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Tharwat
- Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Haidy Adel Abdelsalam
- Mansoura Manchester Programme for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelsalam
- Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Kamal Nassar
- Mansoura Nephrology & Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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45
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Lea AS, Kirk K, Kueht M, Crudo K, Hussain S, Fair J, Kulkarni R, Mujtaba M. An approach to COVID-19 vaccination hesitance in an academic transplant center. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13781. [PMID: 35001498 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Scott Lea
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Katie Kirk
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Kueht
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen Crudo
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Syed Hussain
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeff Fair
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rupak Kulkarni
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Muhammad Mujtaba
- Division of Transplant Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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46
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Gondo GC, Noe MH, Bell SJ, Ritchlin CT. Likelihood of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Individuals Living With Psoriatic Disease: Results From a Large Real-World Survey. JOURNAL OF PSORIASIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS 2022; 7:17-23. [PMID: 39296733 PMCID: PMC11361509 DOI: 10.1177/24755303211067822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Development and dissemination of novel COVID-19 vaccines represent an opportunity to end the COVID-19 pandemic by vaccinating an estimated 80% of the population. Objectives: This study examines perceptions, and demographic and clinical factors influencing the likelihood of adults with psoriasis receiving a novel COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from October-November 2020 of 1405 adults with psoriatic disease with prior contact to a patient advocacy organization. The main outcome of interest was the likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Chi-square tests and logistic regression examined the relationship between individual characteristics and likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Most participants (65%) received a flu vaccination in the last 12 months and were (64.2%) likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, while 35.9% reported being unlikely receive a vaccine. Likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination was associated with receiving the flu vaccine, race, ethnicity, sex, BMI, age, income, severity of PsO and PsA. When controlling for ethnicity, race, male sex, overweight/obese status, age, biologic use, disease type, comorbidities linked with worse COVID-19 outcomes, PsA symptoms, and skin disease severity, individuals who received the flu vaccine and those with annual household income over $75,000 were most likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: Vaccine hesitancy among individuals with psoriatic disease is considerable. Dermatologists and rheumatologists can increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake by actively engaging their patients on this topic using guidance published by the National Psoriasis Foundation on the management of psoriatic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan H Noe
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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47
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Ciotti JR, Perantie DC, Moss BP, Fitzgerald KC, Cohen JA, Mowry EM, Naismith RT, Chahin S. Perspectives and experiences with COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2022; 8:20552173221085242. [PMID: 35273809 PMCID: PMC8902317 DOI: 10.1177/20552173221085242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with MS may have unique perspectives on COVID-19 vaccines due to their condition and/or medications. Objective Assess perspectives and experiences with COVID-19 vaccination, and quantify variables impacting COVID-19 vaccine willingness in people with MS. Methods A survey captured demographics, MS characteristics, and COVID-19 infection and exposures data; opinions on COVID-19 vaccine safety, side effects, and efficacy; and experiences following vaccination. Chi-square tests and a logistic regression model were used to denote between-group differences and variables predicting vaccine willingness, respectively. Results Most (87.8%) of the 237 participants were willing to receive the vaccine. Fifteen percent held or delayed a DMT dose for vaccination. MS symptoms worsened in a minority (7.6% first/only dose; 14.7% second dose), and most side effects were mild (80.0%; 55.3%). Those not planning to receive the vaccine were primarily concerned with long-term safety (70.4%). Medical comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=5.222; p=0.04) and following infection prevention precautions (aOR=6.330; p=0.008) were associated with vaccine willingness. Conclusion Most individuals with MS surveyed plan to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. People with MS experience similar side effects to the general population, and few experience transient MS symptom worsening. These results can inform conversations on vaccination between providers and people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Ciotti
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana C. Perantie
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ellen M. Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert T. Naismith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Salim Chahin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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48
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Zhang L, Dutta S, Xiong S, Chan M, Chan KK, Fan TM, Bailey KL, Lindeblad M, Cooper LM, Rong L, Gugliuzza AF, Shukla D, Procko E, Rehman J, Malik AB. Engineered High-Affinity ACE2 Peptide Mitigates ARDS and Death Induced by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.12.21.473668. [PMID: 34981059 PMCID: PMC8722596 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.21.473668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy and continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that may escape vaccine-induced immune responses highlight the urgent need for effective COVID-19 therapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies used in the clinic have varying efficacies against distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants; thus, there is considerable interest in engineered ACE2 peptides with augmented binding affinities for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. These could have therapeutic benefit against multiple viral variants. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show how three amino acid substitutions in an engineered soluble ACE2 peptide (sACE2 2 .v2.4-IgG1) markedly increase affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein. We demonstrate high binding affinity to S protein of the early SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 isolate and also to multiple variants of concern: B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.617.2 (Delta) SARS-CoV-2 variants. In humanized K18-hACE2 mice, prophylactic and therapeutic administration of sACE2 2 .v2.4-IgG1 peptide prevented acute lung vascular endothelial injury and lung edema (essential features of ARDS) and significantly improved survival after infection by SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 as well as P.1 variant of concern. These studies demonstrate for the first time broad efficacy in vivo of an ACE2 decoy peptide against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and point to its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Soumajit Dutta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shiqin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Matthew Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kui K. Chan
- Cyrus Biotechnology, Inc., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Keith L. Bailey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Matthew Lindeblad
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Laura M. Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anthony F. Gugliuzza
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Mardian Y, Shaw-Shaliba K, Karyana M, Lau CY. Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021; 2:788188. [PMID: 39574558 PMCID: PMC11581751 DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.788188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused health, economic, and social challenges globally. Under these circumstances, effective vaccines play a critical role in saving lives, improving population health, and facilitating economic recovery. In Muslim-majority countries, Islamic jurisprudence, which places great importance on sanctity and safety of human life and protection of livelihoods, may influence vaccine uptake. Efforts to protect humans, such as vaccines, are highly encouraged in Islam. However, concerns about vaccine products' Halal (permissible to consume by Islamic law) status and potential harm can inhibit acceptance. Fatwa councils agree that vaccines are necessary in the context of our current pandemic; receiving a COVID-19 vaccination is actually a form of compliance with Sharia law. Broader use of animal component free reagents during manufacturing may further increase acceptance among Muslims. We herein explain the interplay between Sharia (Islamic law) and scientific considerations in addressing the challenge of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, particularly in Muslim populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mardian
- Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Shaliba
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Muhammad Karyana
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wills BC, Gusmano MK, Schlesinger M. Envisioning Complex Futures: Collective Narratives and Reasoning in Deliberations over Gene Editing in the Wild. Hastings Cent Rep 2021; 51 Suppl 2:S92-S100. [PMID: 34905247 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of technologies for gene editing in the wild has the potential to generate tremendous benefit, but also raises important concerns. Using some form of public deliberation to inform decisions about the use of these technologies is appealing, but public deliberation about them will tend to fall back on various forms of heuristics to account for limited personal experience with these technologies. Deliberations are likely to involve narrative reasoning-or reasoning embedded within stories. These are used to help people discuss risks, processes, and fears that are otherwise difficult to convey. In this article, we identify three forms of collective narrative that are particularly relevant to debates about modifying genes in the wild. Our purpose is not to privilege any particular narrative, but to encourage people involved in deliberations to make these narratives transparent. Doing so can help guard against the way some narratives-referred to here as "crafted narratives"-may be manipulated by powerful elites and concentrated economic interests for their own strategic ends.
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