©The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Urol. Feb 12, 2026; 15(1): 115330
Published online Feb 12, 2026. doi: 10.5410/wjcu.v15.i1.115330
Published online Feb 12, 2026. doi: 10.5410/wjcu.v15.i1.115330
Double incontinence among women globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis
John Katongole, Prosper Akankwasa, Esther Namutosi, Theoneste Hakizimana, Idrissa A Suleiman, Emmanuel Okurut, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka Bushenyi, Uganda
Jackson Kakooza, Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka Bushenyi, Uganda
Catherine R Lewis, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph’s Kitovu Hospital, Masaka, Uganda
Author contributions: Katongole J, Akankwasa P, Namutosi E, Hakizimana T, Suleiman IA, Kakooza J, and Okurut E designed the research study; Katongole J, Akankwasa P, Namutosi E, Hakizimana T, Suleiman IA, and Kakooza J performed the methodology; Katongole J, Akankwasa P, Namutosi E, Hakizimana T, Suleiman IA, and Kakooza J collected the data; Katongole J, Akankwasa P, Namutosi E, Hakizimana T, Suleiman IA, Kakooza J, Lewis CR, and Okurut E performed data analysis; Katongole J, Akankwasa P, Namutosi E, Hakizimana T, Suleiman IA, and Kakooza J wrote the original draft; Katongole J, Kakooza J, Lewis CR, and Okurut Emmanuel reviewed and edited the final manuscript; Lewis CR and Okurut E supervised and validated the research; and all authors thoroughly reviewed and endorsed the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Corresponding author: Emmanuel Okurut, Chief Physician, Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kampala International University Western Campus, F46V + MW2, Ishaka Bushenyi, Uganda. okurutemmanuel@kiu.ac.ug
Received: October 15, 2025
Revised: November 16, 2025
Accepted: January 12, 2026
Published online: February 12, 2026
Processing time: 119 Days and 13.5 Hours
Revised: November 16, 2025
Accepted: January 12, 2026
Published online: February 12, 2026
Processing time: 119 Days and 13.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The concurrent presence of urinary incontinence and anal incontinence, or double incontinence, causes significant morbidity in women with a substantial impact on quality of life. Its inconsistencies in diagnosis and stigmatization lead to underreporting. Double incontinence affects approximately 9% of diverse populations globally, highlighting its public health significance. Future research is needed in underrepresented regions in order to establish a truly comprehensive global estimation and to inform evidence-based interventions.