Khalid A, Obadele OG, Alabi TO, Nedjim SA, Abdulwahab-Ahmed A, Mungadi IA. Practical approach to the review of bladder diverticulum and its management. World J Clin Urol 2026; 15(1): 114046 [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v15.i1.114046]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Isma'ila Arzika Mungadi, Researcher, Department of Surgery, Tetfund Centre of Excellence in Urology and Nephrology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University and Teaching Hospital, No. 1 Garba Nadama Road, Gawon Nama, Sokoto 840000, Nigeria. imungadi@yahoo.com
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Urology & Nephrology
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Minireviews
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This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Feb 12, 2026 (publication date) through Feb 20, 2026
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Publication Name
World Journal of Clinical Urology
ISSN
2219-2816
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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Khalid A, Obadele OG, Alabi TO, Nedjim SA, Abdulwahab-Ahmed A, Mungadi IA. Practical approach to the review of bladder diverticulum and its management. World J Clin Urol 2026; 15(1): 114046 [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v15.i1.114046]
Abdullahi Khalid, Olusegun George Obadele, Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed, Isma'ila Arzika Mungadi, Department of Surgery, Tetfund Center of Excellence in Urology and Nephrology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University and Teaching Hospital, Sokoto 840000, Nigeria
Taiwo Opeyemi Alabi, Endourology and Laser, Grandville Medical and Laser Center, Surulere, Lagos 101232, Nigeria
Saleh Abdelkerim Nedjim, Faculty of Medicine, Adam Barka University of Abeche, Abeche 1173, Chad
Co-first authors: Abdullahi Khalid and Olusegun George Obadele.
Co-corresponding authors: Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed and Isma'ila Arzika Mungadi.
Author contributions: All the authors were responsible for the design and implementation of the research; Khalid A and Abdulwahab-Ahmed A contributed to conceptualizing this study; Khalid A, Obadele OG, and Alabi TO acquired the data; Khalid A and Obadele OG made the initial draft of this work, have made crucial and indispensable contributions towards the completion of the project and thus qualified as the co-first authors of the paper; Abdulwahab-Ahmed A contributed to the revision of the initial draft; Alabi TO, Nedjim SA, Abdulwahab-Ahmed A, and Mungadi IA contributed to the initial draft, critically revised it, and made a major contribution to the intellectual content of the final manuscript; Abdulwahab-Ahmed A and Mungadi IA have played important and indispensable roles in the manuscript preparation as the co-corresponding authors; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Isma'ila Arzika Mungadi, Researcher, Department of Surgery, Tetfund Centre of Excellence in Urology and Nephrology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University and Teaching Hospital, No. 1 Garba Nadama Road, Gawon Nama, Sokoto 840000, Nigeria. imungadi@yahoo.com
Received: September 15, 2025 Revised: October 2, 2025 Accepted: January 12, 2026 Published online: February 12, 2026 Processing time: 148 Days and 8.2 Hours
Abstract
Bladder diverticulum refers to an outpouching of the bladder wall. This condition can involve only the bladder mucosa or extend to include the entire lining of the bladder wall, including the muscles. Bladder diverticula can be congenital or acquired, affecting individuals of any sex or age. Congenital cases are more commonly seen in younger patients, while acquired cases typically affect adults. Patients may experience significant distress due to pain associated with recurrent infections or urinary tract symptoms. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Over the years, management of bladder diverticula has evolved from non-surgical treatments to various surgical options, including open surgery and contemporary techniques such as laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgical excision and endoscopic care. In longstanding cases or large diverticula, an open surgical approach may be particularly effective. It is crucial to address any underlying pathology in patients with acquired diverticula to prevent recurrence. This paper aims to review the literature on bladder diverticulum and its management, taking a practically-oriented approach that includes investigative and operative images for clarity and ease of understanding.
Core Tip: A bladder diverticulum is the outpouching of the bladder wall, which can be congenital or acquired, affecting individuals of all ages. Congenital cases are more common in the young, while acquired ones typically occur in adults. Although rare, it can cause significant distress due to recurrent infections or urinary symptoms. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and imaging. Management has evolved from non-surgical to various surgical approaches, including laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques. It emphasizes a management strategy predicated on first identifying and treating the underlying cause of outlet obstruction, which may obviate the need for complex diverticulectomy in selected cases. This review presents a practical approach supported by imaging and operative techniques for easier understanding.
