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Prospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Clin Pediatr. Sep 9, 2026; 15(3): 120090
Published online Sep 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.120090
Table 1 Values of serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels
ParametersHD modalityCases
Controls
P valueMean difference (95%CI)
mean ± SD
Median (IQR)
mean ± SD
Median (IQR)
Pre-session ICAM-1 (ng/L)LFHD1174.48 ± 1221.36676.55 (493.88-1426.00)174.61 ± 55.50171.15 (125.23-226.98)< 0.0011523.63 (391.0-784.2)
HFHD1665.82 ± 1566.271080.00 (785.75-2009.50)< 0.0011929.63 (691.2-1496.4)
OL-HDF1493.76 ± 863.611207.00 (640.05-2529.00)< 0.00111045.73 (593.0-1998.1)
Post-session cICAM-1 (ng/L)LFHD2217.18 ± 1675.901481.50 (1147.30-2993.10)< 0.00111312.63 (1056.8-2133.2)
HFHD316.51 ± 262.17240.97 (148.91-390.61)0.026162.23 (6.9-144.4)
OL-HDF172.24 ± 74.83163.63 (121.93-204.36)0.8902-2.44 (-39.3-34.6)
Table 2 Comparisons of serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels
Cases
P value
Mean difference (95%CI)
Pre-session sICAM-1LFHD vs HFHD0.0581378.92 (-10.1-864.6)
LFHD vs OL-HDF0.0511737.72 (100.9-1449.0)
HFHD vs OL-HDF0.751113.32 (-364.2-812.4)
Post-session cICAM-1LFHD vs HFHD< 0.0011-1655.62 (-2633.7 to -1088.0)
LFHD vs OL-HDF< 0.0011-1727.22 (-2782.8 to -1188.8)
HFHD vs OL-HDF0.0111-84.12 (-173.7 to -25.3)
Pre-session vs post-session cICAM-1LFHD0.0021871.52 (373.2-1749.9)
HFHD< 0.0011-1087.12 (-1439.5 to -755.6)
OL-HDF< 0.0011-1372.92 (-2143.8 to -786.9)


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