Modality matters: Effect of dialysis modality on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in children on regular hemodialysis
Mohammed F Kasem, Ragia M Said, Doaa R Dahshan, Samar H Elhadedy, Noha R Mohammed, Noha U Hashem
Mohammed F Kasem, Ragia M Said, Noha U Hashem, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 1181, Egypt
Doaa R Dahshan, Department of Pediatrics, Damietta Specialized Hospital, Damietta 34512, Egypt
Samar H Elhadedy, Department of Pediatrics, Dekernes General Hospital, Dekernes 35511, Egypt
Noha R Mohammed, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 1181, Egypt
Co-corresponding authors: Ragia M Said and Noha U Hashem.
Author contributions: Kasem MF, Said RM, and Hashem NU formulated the research study design; Kasem MF and Hashem NU assisted in performing statistical analysis; Dahshan DR and Elhadedy SH performed the research work and collected data under the supervision of Kasem MF, Said RM, and Hashem NU; Mohammed NR supervised the laboratory analysis of the collected samples; Said RM and Hashem NU contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-corresponding authors. All authors contributed to drafting the article, revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: AI tools (specifically ChatGPT) were used solely for linguistic refinement and formatting assistance. No AI tool was involved in the generation of research data, interpretation of results, or formulation of conclusions. All AI-generated outputs were critically reviewed and revised by the authors.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ain Shams University Hospital (Approval No. FMASU R124/2024).
Clinical trial registration statement: This prospective study was not registered because it was initially classified as a prospective observational study rather than an interventional clinical trial at the time of study initiation. The sequence of hemodialysis modality shifts in our study reflects current clinical practice trends. The study protocol, inclusion criteria, and outcomes were established prior to patient enrollment and remained unchanged throughout the study.
Informed consent statement: All legal guardians of all patients involved in the study provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because individual privacy could be compromised. However, they are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Ragia M Said, Professor, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 38 Abbassia Square, Next to Al-Nour Mosque, Cairo 1181, Egypt.
ragia_marei@med.asu.edu.eg
Received: February 14, 2026
Revised: March 16, 2026
Accepted: May 15, 2026
Published online: September 9, 2026
Processing time: 169 Days and 0.2 Hours
