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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Pediatr. Nov 9, 2022; 11(6): 455-462
Published online Nov 9, 2022. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i6.455
Published online Nov 9, 2022. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i6.455
Ref. | Study design | Population | Main findings |
Savino et al[44] | Case Control | One hundred seven OB Caucasian prepubertal and pubertal children and adolescents of both sexes (M 52, F 55). Fifty normal weight Caucasian children as control group (M 26, F 24) | A modest significant difference was seen in AER values, which were higher in the OB group, even if mostly within normal range. AER showed a positive correlation with central adiposity, insulin resistance indexes and hypertension |
Sanad and Gharib[43] | Cross – Sectional | One hundred fifty prepubertal obese children. Exclusion criteria: fever, infections, renal diseases, LES, endocrine disorders, albuminuria associated with urinary tract infections | There were significant positive correlations between MA and BMI, WC, systolic and diastolic BP, TG and LDL-c levels, insulin resistance and fasting glucose level. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between MA and HDL-c levels (P < 0.01). No significant correlations of MA with age and sex were found (P > 0.05) |
Csernus et al[45] | Case-Control | Eighty-six obese children. Seventy-nine normal weight children as a control group. children with secondary obesity were excluded | OB children with obesity had a significantly higher U-ACR and U-BMCR as compared to the normal weight children. OB children with no more than one of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hyperinsulinemia, fasting or post-prandial glucose, dyslipidemia and hypertension) had a significantly lower U-ACR than those with two or more features. U-ACR was positively correlated with body weight and with the fasting plasma glucose concentrations measured during the OGTT. U-ACR was increased in OB children with hypercholesterolemia. No association of U-ACR with TG and HDL-c levels was found |
Goknar et al[30] | Case-Control | Eighty-four OB individuals aged 4-16 yr as study (case) group. Sixty-four normotensive healthy children as control group | No statistically significant differences were found in urine microalbumin/creatinine (P = 0.740) |
Hirschler et al[12] | Retrospective Study | One thousand five hundred sixty-four children aged 5-14 yr, 220/1564 OB (14.1%), 300/1564 OW (19.2%), 1044/1564 (66.7%) normal weight, 318/1564 (20.3%) central OB | U-ACR decreased with increasing z-BMI for boys and girls. Median ACR and urinary albumin levels were significantly higher in normal weight children than in OW/OB children. Median ACR and urinary albumin levels was higher in OB girls than in OB boys |
Radhakishun et al[28] | Retrospective | Four hundred eight OB children aged 3-19 yr, 50 % males | A low prevalence of MA (2.7%) was found. All subjects with MA were obese |
Oz-Sig et al[33] | Retrospective | One hundred and five obese children (M 39) aged 4-18 yr. The cohort was divided into three groups as solely obese, with metabolic syndrome and with type 2 diabetes. MA was tested in 24 h collected urine (MA: 30-300 mg) | MA was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic group; statistical significance was reached in the group with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetic group. MA was not detected in the solely obese group |
Lurbe et al[32] | Retrospective | One hundred and thirty-four OB children aged 9-18 yr. Obesity: z score > 2, Moderate obesity: z score 2-2.5. Severe obesity: z score > 2.5. UAE was measured in the first voiding urine of the morning | No differences between different groups of obesity degree were found. Increased UAE was linked to fasting Insulin HOMA Index, higher WC, and TG levels |
Cho et al[15] | Retrospective | One thousand four hundred and fifty-nine adolescents aged 12-18 yr | MA was detected in 3.6% of subjects (53/1459). The Height z score of the MA group was greater than that of the NA group. The Weight z score of the MA group did not differ from that of NA group. The MA group had a lower BMI z score. MA group had higher HDL-c and lower TG levels. No significant differences in BP, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL levels were reported. UACR was associated with younger age, lower weight z score, lower BMI z score, lower W/Hr, but not with the height z score. UACR was associated with higher HDL level and lower TG values |
Burgert et al[34] | Cohort Study | Two hundred seventy-seven children and adolescents | MA was found in 10.1 % of subjects (28/277). No significant differences between the two groups (MA e NA) in term of the anthropometrical and common cardiovascular risk factors were reported. Subjects with MA had higher plasma glucose and insulin levels during OGTT |
Nguyen et al[29] | Cross Sectional | Two thousand five hundred fifteen adolescents aged 12-19 yr. 310/2515 children with BMI > 95 pc. | MA was detected in 8.9% of the study population. UACR girls was significantly higher in girls than in boys. MA was prevalent among NON-OW adolescents. Similarly, MA was prevalent among adolescents without abdominal obesity, and without insulin resistance |
Martin-Del-Campo et al[38] | Cross Sectional | One hundred seventy-two children and adolescents aged 6-16 yr, 46/172 (27%) normal weight, 55/172 (32%) overweight, 71/172 (41%) obesity | MA was observed in children with OW (3.6%) and with OB (9.9%) more than in normal weight children |
- Citation: Colasante AM, Bartiromo M, Nardolillo M, Guarino S, Marzuillo P, Mangoni di S Stefano GSRC, Miraglia del Giudice E, Di Sessa A. Tangled relationship between insulin resistance and microalbuminuria in children with obesity. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11(6): 455-462
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v11/i6/455.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v11.i6.455