Spigelian hernia in children: A systematic review

Figure 1 Anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. 1: m. rectus abdominis; 2: m. obliquus externus; 3: m. obliquus internus; 4: m. transversus abdominis; 5: f. transversalis; A: Semilunar line; B: Spigelian line.

Figure 2 Anatomy of the Spigelian line. 1: Hypogastric vessels; 2: Hesselbach's triangle; A: Semilunar line; B: Upper Spigelian hernia; C: Spigelian line; D: Lower Spigelian hernia.

Figure 3 Variants of hernia protrusion location. 1: Subfascial; 2: Within the thickness of the transverse muscle; 3: Beneath the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle; 4: Subcutaneous.

Figure 4 Ultrasound image of hernia protrusion at the time of strangulation. 1: Muscle edge; 2: Loop of intestine; 3: Hernia gates.

Figure 5 Ultrasound image of the area of interest in the absence of hernia protrusion during examination. A: Edges of the transverse fascia defect; B: Zone of muscle layer hypoechogenicity.

Figure 6 Laparoscopic view of Spigelian hernia. A: Internal oblique muscle; B: Edges of the transverse fascia defect.