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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 107075
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.107075
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.107075
Spigelian hernia in children: A systematic review
Nikolay F Shchapov, Denis V Kulikov, Thoracoabdominal Surgery Service and Emergency Surgical Care for Children, Ilyinskaya Hospital, vil. Glukhovo, Krasnogorsk District 143421, Moscow Region, Russia
Mikhail I Viborniy, Departament of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Endoscopy, Ilyinskaya Hospital, vil. Glukhovo, Krasnogorsk District 143421, Moscow Region, Russia
Pavel V Bullikh, Departament of Radiology, Ilyinskaya Hospital, vil. Glukhovo, Krasnogorsk District 143421, Moscow Region, Russia
Elena S Keshishian, Department of Neonatology and Pathology of Young Children of the Lungs, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 125412, Russia
Andrey S Degtyarev, Department of Pediatrics, Ilyinskaya Hospital, vil. Glukhovo, Krasnogorsk District 143421, Moscow Region, Russia
Author contributions: Shchapov NF, Viborniy MI and Keshishian ES are responsible for study concept and design; Shchapov NF, Kulikov DV and Degtyarev AS are responsible for acquisition of data; Bullikh PV is responsible for conducting ultrasound examinations, data interpretation and analysis; Shchapov NF and Keshishian ES are responsible for data interpretation and analysis; Shchapov NF, Kulikov DV, and Viborniy MI are responsible for editing, original drawings by Shchapov N are used in the manuscript; Viborniy MI, and Keshishian ES are responsible for critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; Shchapov NF, Kulikov DV and Degtyarev AS are responsible for statistical analysis; Shchapov NF, Kulikov DV, and Keshishian ES are responsible for administrative, technical, or material support; Shchapov NF has full access to all the data and takes responsibility for its integrity, accuracy, analysis and so is the guarantor of content.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Check-list.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Nikolay F Shchapov, MD, PhD, Thoracoabdominal Surgery Service and Emergency Surgical Care for Children, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Build. 2, 2, Rublevskoe Predmestie St., vil. Glukhovo, Krasnogorsk District 143421, Moscow Region, Russia.
Received: March 16, 2025
Revised: April 24, 2025
Accepted: June 10, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 231 Days and 7.5 Hours
Revised: April 24, 2025
Accepted: June 10, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 231 Days and 7.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Spigelian hernia in children is an exceptionally rare and often misdiagnosed condition due to its transient nature and non-specific clinical presentation. This review provides the most comprehensive analysis to date, incorporating historical perspectives, anatomical insights, and modern diagnostic and surgical approaches. Ultrasound remains the primary diagnostic tool, while laparoscopy is emerging as an effective surgical option, particularly in cases with localization challenges. Increased awareness among pediatric surgeons and radiologists can enhance early detection, reduce complications, and improve patient outcomes.