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World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2026; 15(2): 117297
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117297
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117297
Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants born before thirty-two weeks of gestation in Palestinian private hospitals
Maram Z Algharabeh, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Master Program in Nursing Neonate, Arab American University, Ramallah 240, Palestine
Mu'taz M Dreidi, Omar H Almahmoud, Department of Nursing, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Ramallah 14, Palestine
Najwa M Subuh, Department of Nursing, Arab American University, Ramallah 240, Palestine
Author contributions: Algharabeh MZ and Almahmoud OH conceptualized and designed the study; Dreidi MM and Subuh NM revised and modified the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: AI-assisted tools were used only for language polishing, grammar correction, and improving clarity and readability. No part of the scientific content of the Main Text, including the Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion, was generated by AI. No AI tool was used for data analysis, statistical analysis, generation of results, or scientific interpretation. No AI tool participated in the design of the study or the interpretation of its findings. No images, figures, or illustrations in the manuscript were generated by AI. All authors have reviewed the final manuscript carefully and take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and scientific content of the work.
Institutional review board statement: Ethical approval for this retrospective study was obtained from the Arab American University Institutional Review Board, approval No. R-2024/A/123/N.
Informed consent statement: As the study involved a retrospective review of existing medical records with no direct contact with patients and no identifiable personal information collected, the requirement for informed consent was formally waived by the Institutional Review Board in accordance with the national regulations governing human subjects research in Palestine.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at
Corresponding author: Omar H Almahmoud, Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 14, Palestine. oalmahmoud@birzeit.edu
Received: December 4, 2025
Revised: January 24, 2026
Accepted: February 11, 2026
Published online: June 9, 2026
Processing time: 160 Days and 21.7 Hours
Revised: January 24, 2026
Accepted: February 11, 2026
Published online: June 9, 2026
Processing time: 160 Days and 21.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This retrospective study highlights key clinical determinants of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm infants born before thirty-two weeks of gestation in Palestinian private hospitals. Low birth weight, younger gestational age, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and extended oxygen exposure were identified as the strongest predictors of BPD. Sepsis was also a significant contributing factor. Early identification of high-risk infants and optimization of respiratory support strategies may reduce the burden of BPD and improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.