Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2026; 15(2): 115027
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115027
Published online Jun 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115027
Lifelong cognitive and motor outcomes after being born small for gestational age or with fetal growth restriction
Gemma Chavarria Ventura, Harrigan Ryan, Hai-Nian Yu, Kirat Kishore Chand, Paul Bernard Colditz, Julie Anne Wixey, UQCCR, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
Paul Bernard Colditz, Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
Author contributions: Ventura GC, Ryan H, and Yu HN performed the research; Ventura GC, Ryan H, Yu HN, and Wixey JA wrote the manuscript; Ventura GC, Ryan H, Yu HN, Chand KK, Colditz PB, and Wixey JA edited and approved the manuscript; Ventura GC, Ryan H, Yu HN, Chand KK, Colditz PB, and Wixey JA designed the research study; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
AI contribution statement: ChatGPT was used for language polishing of the manuscript. An AI tool did not participate in design of the study nor were any of the images generated by AI.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
Corresponding author: Julie Anne Wixey, Senior Research Fellow, UQCCR, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia. j.wixey@uq.edu.au
Received: October 9, 2025
Revised: November 11, 2025
Accepted: January 14, 2026
Published online: June 9, 2026
Processing time: 220 Days and 0.1 Hours
Revised: November 11, 2025
Accepted: January 14, 2026
Published online: June 9, 2026
Processing time: 220 Days and 0.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Infants born small for gestation age or with fetal growth restriction are at higher risk of cognitive and motor impairments across the life span. While cerebral palsy prevalence remains inconsistently reported, several studies show a higher prevalence, particularly among term-born cohorts.