Gestational alloimmune liver disease reconsidered: Advocating for a new nomenclature and enhanced diagnosis accuracy

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.106219

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Dec 9, 2025 (publication date) through Oct 31, 2025

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 106219
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.106219

Gestational alloimmune liver disease reconsidered: Advocating for a new nomenclature and enhanced diagnosis accuracy

Nourane Helali, Hugo Gagnon, Fernando Álvarez

Nourane Helali, Hugo Gagnon, Fernando Álvarez, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T1C5, Quebec, Canada

Co-first authors: Nourane Helali and Hugo Gagnon.

Author contributions: Helali N wrote the original manuscript; Helali N and Gagnon H contributed to the conception of the article and conducted the literature review; Gagnon H co-drafted the original manuscript; Álvarez F critically revised the manuscript and validated its scientific content; all authors read and approved the final version.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Fernando Álvarez, MD, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T1C5, Quebec, Canada. fernando.alvarez@umontreal.ca

Received: February 20, 2025
Revised: April 21, 2025
Accepted: June 7, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 254 Days and 13.7 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Gestational alloimmune liver disease is a rare neonatal hepatic condition with clinical manifestations ranging from benign presentations to fulminant liver failure. Curative treatments include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and double-volume plasma exchange; liver transplantation may be necessary in severe cases. The recurrence rate in subsequent pregnancies is as high as 90%, but it can be effectively prevented with antenatal IVIG administration. In this review, we summarize the latest available literature to raise awareness among pediatricians and pediatric hepatologists, ensuring early recognition and appropriate management of this condition.