Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Nov 8, 2017; 6(4): 161-168
Published online Nov 8, 2017. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v6.i4.161
Rhabdomyolysis with different etiologies in childhood
Demet Alaygut, Meral Torun Bayram, Belde Kasap, Alper Soylu, Mehmet Türkmen, Salih Kavukcu
Demet Alaygut, Meral Torun Bayram, Belde Kasap, Alper Soylu, Mehmet Türkmen, Salih Kavukcu, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, 35340 İnciralti İzmir, Turkey
Author contributions: Alaygut D and Torun Bayram M contrubuted equally to this work; Alaygut D wrote the paper; Kasap B contributed new analytic tools; Soylu A and Türkmen M analyzed the data; Kavukcu S designed the research.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Dokuz Eylul University Hospital.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent tot he study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to tratment by written consent. For full disclosure, the datails oft the study are published on the home page of Dokuz Eylul Medical University.
Conflict-of-interest statement: We have no financial relationships to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Demet Alaygut, MD, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Mithatpaşa cad. İnciraltı mah., 35340 İnciralti İzmir, Turkey. demet.alaygut@deu.edu.tr
Telephone: +90-232-4126197 Fax: +90-232-4126005
Received: November 11, 2016
Peer-review started: November 13, 2016
First decision: March 8, 2017
Revised: July 11, 2017
Accepted: July 21, 2017
Article in press: July 22, 2017
Published online: November 8, 2017
Processing time: 355 Days and 1.8 Hours
Abstract
AIM

To investigate different etiologies and management of the rhabdomyolysis in children.

METHODS

Eight pediatric rhabdomyolysis cases who applied to the Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Nephrology with different etiologies between January 2004 and January 2012 were evaluated in terms of age, gender, admission symptoms, physical examination findings, factors provoking rhabdomyolysis, number of rhabdomyolysis attacks, laboratory results, family history and the final diagnosis received after the treatment.

RESULTS

Average diagnosis ages of eight cases were 129 (24-192) ± 75.5 mo and five of them were girls. All of them had applied with the complaint of muscle pain, calf pain, and dark color urination. Infection (pneumonia) and excessive physical activity were the most important provocative factors and excessive licorice consumption was observed in one case. In 5 cases, acute kidney injury was determined and two cases needed hemodialysis. As a result of the further examinations; the cases had received diagnoses of rhabdomyolysis associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae, sepsis associated rhabdomyolysis, licorice-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis, carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital muscular dystrophy and idiopathic paroxysmal rhabdomyolysis (Meyer-Betz syndrome).

CONCLUSION

It is important to distinguish the sporadic and recurrent rhabdomyolysis cases from each other. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis cases should follow up more regardful and attentive.

Keywords: Rhabdomyolysis; Children; Etiology; Acute kidney injury; Treatment; Hemodialysis

Core tip: This is a retrospective study to evaluate rhabdomyolysis in childhood. Rhabdomyolysis could be caused by a number of reasons, which could be classified as sporadic and hereditary/recurrent. The initial point that is to attract attention in this manuscript is the importance of the rhabdomyolysis type (recurrent/sporadic). Even though rhabdomyolysis is not routinely involved in textbooks concerning neuromuscular diseases, it is an integral part of these diseases. It should be taken into consideration in the first diagnosis and clinical follow-up of patients. It is possible to encounter with a rhabdomyolysis attack in every case. But its treatment is different from that of a primary disease.