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Cho MK, Kim MY. Factors Affecting Depression and Its Relation to Sleep Quality among Parents of Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070992. [PMID: 37046919 PMCID: PMC10094169 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated factors affecting depression (CES-D) among parents of patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a chronic disease that requires constant management. A complex set of factors influence depression in parents and thus requires further research. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A survey on related variables was conducted on 217 parents of patients with T1DM. The collected data were analyzed using the PASW Statistics program, and factors influencing participants’ depression were identified through stepwise multiple regression. The results show that three variables exerted a significant effect on depression (source of information, resilience–personal competence, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index score), and all the variables explained a majority of the variance in depression. The results indicate that the parents of patients with T1DM were less depressed when the source of information was personal, when their resilience–personal competence was high, and when their Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was low. Interventions targeting parents of patients with T1DM should be performed with positive information on how to overcome diabetes in their children, increase resilience–personal competence, and increase sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju KR28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul KR04763, Republic of Korea
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Cho MK, Kim MY. Associated factors with depression and sleep quality in T1DM patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:18. [PMID: 36624402 PMCID: PMC9830728 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) may experience sleep problems, usually due to low blood sugar levels during sleep or performance of blood sugar management (e.g., blood sugar monitoring). This study aimed to identify the disease-related characteristics, psychosocial aspects, and related factors underlying sleep quality in patients with T1DM. METHODS This study employed a descriptive research design. The participants were 159 individuals with T1DM who completed online questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS The average score for depression in T1DM patients was 23.77 (SD 5.31), and sleep quality received a score of 4.58 (SD 3.22). Depression was positively correlated with sleep quality and negatively correlated with the total resilience score. The factors linked to depression in T1DM patients were duration of disease, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and resilience-acceptance of self and life sub-factors, with an explanatory power of 44.4% for the depression variance. The associated factors with sleep quality in T1DM patients were complications, resilience-personal competence sub-factors, and depression, with an explanatory power of 37.4% for sleep quality variance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that to improve sleep quality in patients with T1DM, it is necessary to develop and support disease management to prevent complications and implement interventions for improving resilience and reducing negative emotions such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung Cho
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Taerahkun S, Sriphrapradang C. Efficacy of alternative cooling devices used for insulin storage without refrigeration under hot-humid environment. Ann Med 2022; 54:1118-1125. [PMID: 35443846 PMCID: PMC9936990 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2067355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin is temperature sensitive as high temperatures reduce its potency. Refrigeration for insulin storage is still needed but households in remote areas do not have refrigerators. Also, the electricity supply is usually affected by natural disasters. We aim to examine the temperature-reducing efficacy of cooling devices in hot-humid conditions. METHODS Five cooling devices, (1) earthen jar filled with water, (2) earthen jar filled with soil, (3) two clay pots, gap filled with wet soil, (4) two clay pots, gap filled with wet sand, and (5) commercial cooling wallet were used in this study. External and internal temperatures were monitored by the temperature logger between October 2019 and September 2020 in Narathiwat, Thailand. Cooling efficacy was assessed by average absolute temperature reduction and relative cooling effect. RESULTS Mean external temperature and humidity were 27.3 ± 1.5 °C and 78.2 ± 7.1%RH. The mean differences between the external and internal temperatures were; device (1) -0.1 ± 0.6 °C (p = NS), (2) 0.0 ± 0.8 °C (p = NS), (3) -1.7 ± 0.9 °C (p < .0001), (4) -2.0 ± 0.9 °C (p < .0001), and (5) -1.8 ± 0.9 °C (p < .0001). Device no. 3, 4, and 5 achieved a constant temperature reduction. The most efficacious device was device no. 4 with a relative cooling effect of 63.6% better than the cooling wallet (57.7%, p = .003). All devices were more efficacious at lower humidity levels. CONCLUSIONS Traditional low-cost devices, such as clay pots, reduce storage temperatures to or close to room temperature in hot-humid climates. This study provides some guidance for insulin storage in hot-humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supang Taerahkun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shi Y, Wu LQ, Wei P, Liao ZH. Children with type 1 diabetes in COVID-19 pandemic: Difficulties and solutions. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:408-418. [PMID: 36185098 PMCID: PMC9516491 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i5.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) require holistic approach and continuous care. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made challenges for the T1D children and their caregivers, professionals, and the healthcare system. This minireview aims to consolidate and discuss the difficulties and solutions of children with type 1 diabetes in the COVID-19 pandemic. T1D has been the most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents and the last decades has seen a rapid increase in the prevalence of T1D in youths worldwide, which deserves a public concern particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic. As reported in previous studies, T1D is a risk factor related to severe cases, while the virus may induce new-onset diabetes and serious complications. Moreover, restriction strategies influence medical availability and lifestyle, impact glycemic control and compilation management, and thus pose stress on families and health providers of youths with T1D, especially on those with certain fragile conditions. Therefore, special treatment plans are required for children provided by caregivers and the local health system. Latest health tools such as improved medical devices and telemedicine service, as well as a combined support may benefit in this period. This minireview emphasises that continued medical access and support are required to prevent deteriorated condition of children and adolescents with diabetes throughout this pandemic. Therefore, strategies are supposed to be formulated to mitigate the difficulties and stress among this group, particularly in the most at-risk population. Proposed solutions in this minireview may help individuals and the health system to overcome these problems and help youths with T1D in better diabetes management during such emergency situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Li-Qun Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ze-Huan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Self-Management Nursing Intervention for Controlling Glucose among Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312750. [PMID: 34886488 PMCID: PMC8657503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As the diabetic population increases, self-management of diabetes, a chronic disease, is important. Given that self-management nursing interventions using various techniques have been developed, an analysis of their importance is crucial. This study aimed to identify the overall effects of self-management nursing interventions on primary (HbA1c) and secondary (self-care, self-efficacy, fasting blood sugar level blood pressure, lipid, body mass index, waist circumference, distress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life) outcomes in diabetes. Systematic review and meta-analysis were used. The meta-analysis involved the synthesis of effect size; tests of homogeneity and heterogeneity; trim and fill plot; Egger’s regression test; and Begg’s test for assessing publication bias. The overall effect on HbA1c was −0.55, suggesting a moderate effect size, with HbA1c decreasing significantly after nursing interventions. Among the nursing interventions, the overall effect on HbA1c of nurse management programs, home visiting, and customized programs was −0.25, −0.61, and −0.65, respectively, a small or medium effect size, and was statistically significant. Healthcare professionals may encourage people with diabetes to engage in self-management of their glucose levels, such as patient-centered customized intervention. Interventions that reflect the individual’s characteristics and circumstances are effective in enabling self-management.
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Relationship between Diabetes Family Conflicts or Problem Recognition in Illness Self-Management and Quality of Life of Adolescents with T1DM and Their Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010710. [PMID: 34682456 PMCID: PMC8535413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes family conflicts or problem recognition in illness self-management (PRISM) and the parental perceived quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their parents. This was a cross-sectional study, and the participants comprised 111 parents of type 1 diabetes adolescents; data were collected via an online survey and analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. The explanatory power of the QoL model in parents of adolescents with T1DM, constructed using three variables—diabetes family conflict (B = −0.56), regimen pain and bother (B = −11.25), and peer interactions (B = −7.48), which are PRISM barriers—was 35.7% (F = 5.70, p < 0.001). Diabetes family conflicts (B = −0.86) and peer interactions (B = −9.04) explained 57.3% of the variance in the parental perceived QoL of adolescents with T1DM (F = 12.33, p < 0.001). In order to improve the QoL in parents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, interventions to effectively manage diabetes family conflicts and improve peer interactions are necessary.
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Ashrafi S, Taylor D, Tang TS. Moving beyond 'don't ask, don't tell': Mental health needs of adults with type 1 diabetes in rural and remote regions of British Columbia. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14534. [PMID: 33524209 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the mental health needs of adults with type 1 diabetes living in rural and remote regions of Interior, British Columbia (BC) and identify factors associated with accessing support. We also explored perspectives around using peer support and digital health strategies for delivering mental health support. METHODS This study recruited 38 adults with type 1 diabetes to complete a self-report survey and participate in focus groups. We conducted six 90-min focus groups that addressed the following: current and past mental health needs, social media use for type 1 diabetes support, peer supporter recruitment and training, and support delivery features for virtual care platforms. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, quality checked, coded and analysed to develop themes and subthemes. RESULTS Four core themes emerged: (1) emotional challenges linked to type 1 diabetes management, (2) unique type 1 diabetes-related concerns in rural and remote communities, (3) previous support experiences and future support needs and (4) diabetes-related mental health support interventions involving peer support and digital health strategies. Existing support services are inadequate in meeting the needs of type 1 diabetes adults in Interior BC. Some have turned towards social media as a way to connect with the type 1 diabetes community for support. CONCLUSIONS Though type 1 diabetes adults living in rural and remote settings experience distress associated with the ongoing burdens, frustrations and fears of managing a complex chronic condition, many have not been offered support and do not know how to seek services in the present/future. Peer support and digital health strategies are two potential solutions to address this care gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Ashrafi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Interior Health Authority, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health and Social Development/Nursing, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Tricia S Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mukherjee JJ, Rajput R, Majumdar S, Saboo B, Chatterjee S. Practical aspects of usage of insulin in India: Descriptive review and key recommendations. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:937-948. [PMID: 33933807 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin therapy is an integral part of diabetes management. However, reliable and easily accessible information on a number of basic facts concerning insulin therapy, including storage of insulin, managing insulin therapy during travel, nuances of insulin use while driving, and dose adjustments during sick days is lacking. This document aims to make readily available, reliable, and easy to implement information on these essential but relatively less discussed aspects of insulin therapy. METHOD Literature search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception till 1st of July 2019. The relevant topics were reviewed by a panel of 5 specialists and 23 contributing physicians and endocrinologists, who had assembled at Bengaluru, India for the 13th National Insulin Summit. After a thorough review of the literature, and following detailed discussions, the committee arrived at these recommendations. RESULTS Unopened vials and cartridges of insulin should be stored at 2 °C-8 °C in a refrigerator and protected from direct sunlight. For opened vials and in-use cartridges, manufacturer's instructions must be followed at all times. While traveling by air, dose adjustments are required only when flying across more than five time zones in the east or west directions. Insulin therapy should not be omitted or stopped during an acute illness; rather the doses need careful adjustments based on self-monitoring of blood glucose. CONCLUSION Recommendations and guidelines, covering many common aspects of insulin therapy are readily available. This consensus document aims to make recommendations for those essential aspects of insulin therapy that are crucial for its success but are relatively less known and less discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat Jyoti Mukherjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajesh Rajput
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Sujoy Majumdar
- Department of Endocrinology, Peerless Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Department of Medicine, DiaCare, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Chatterjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Praveen PA, Venkatesh P, Tandon N. Screening model for diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 1 diabetes attending a tertiary care setting in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:S96-S99. [PMID: 31937741 PMCID: PMC7001160 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1830_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication in young individuals with type 1 diabetes. It is recommended to implement structured screening programs and adopt an appropriate referral mechanism at all levels of the health system to prevent vision loss in this disease. We developed and pilot-tested the feasibility of a comprehensive DR screening model at a tertiary care diabetes clinic in India. The model comprised an affordable DR screening facility at the diabetes clinic, structured education sessions, and annual inhospital diabetes complication screening camps. Over the span of 2 years, we screened 413 eligible patients with type 1 diabetes and 17.4% (n = 72) had any form of DR in at least one eye. Half of the retinopathy positive patients had mild DR. However, only one-third of newly diagnosed patients reported to the eye care facility for DR management. Based on this study, it is feasible to screen all patients with type 1 diabetes for DR by increasing awareness and providing opportunities for DR screening at a tertiary care diabetes clinic. Our model combined with formal referral and follow-up systems would be a potentially scalable approach for DR prevention and management at diabetes care facilities in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep A Praveen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Venkatesh
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Jethwani P, Saboo B, Jethwani L, Kesavadev J, Kalra S, Sahay R, Agarwal S, Hasnani D. Management of children and adolescents having type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic in India: challenges and solutions. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020; 40:335-339. [PMID: 32952333 PMCID: PMC7490475 DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires a holistic approach and continuous care. The current COVID-19 pandemic has made the health care professionals realise its challenges even more ardently than in the normal times. In a country like India with its huge population burden and a significant number of people having T1D, the risk of COVID-19 in people having T1DM is considerably high. Methods In this article, we are sharing our practical experiences of problems faced by children and adolescents having T1DM during the past 2 months of lockdown. Results We have classified the challenges into 3 broad categories based on diabetes self-management, healthcare system and psychosocial aspects. We have tried to provide precise, comprehensive and region specific solutions to these challenges. Solutions briefly include maintaining the supply chain of essentials like insulin, syringes and glucose meter strips to psychological support, financial aid and support for hospitalization in case of COVID-19 itself or diabetes complications including diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusions Children and adolescents having T1DM require special care and attention during this period of COVID-19 pandemic because of various challenges as discussed. Our proposed solutions may help them overcome these problems and help them in better diabetes management during such emergency situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Saboo
- Diacare-Diabetes Care & Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, India
| | - L. Jethwani
- Jethwani Hospital, 5-Junction Plot, Rajkot-1, India
| | - J. Kesavadev
- Jothydev’s Diabetes Research Center, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharati Hospital, Karnal, India
| | - R. Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | - S. Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
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Keklik D, Bayat M, Başdaş Ö. Care burden and quality of life in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Soaring Epidemic. Int J Pediatr 2018; 2018:9408370. [PMID: 29853923 PMCID: PMC5964576 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9408370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is quite prevalent in the world, with a proportion of 1 in every 300 persons and steadily rising frequency of incidence of about 3% every year. More alarmingly, the incidence of T1DM among infants is also increasing, with children as young as 6 months succumbing to it, instead of that at a rather established vulnerable age of around seven and near puberty, when the hormones antagonize the action of insulin. These reports pose a unique challenge of developing efficient T1DM management system for the young children. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest country in the Middle East that occupies approximately four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 33.3 million people, of whom 26% are under the age of 14 years. As per the Diabetes Atlas (8th edition), 35,000 children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia suffer from T1DM, which makes Saudi Arabia rank the 8th in terms of numbers of TIDM patients and 4th country in the world in terms of the incidence rate (33.5 per 100,000 individuals) of TIDM. However, in comparison with that in the developed countries, the number of research interventions on the prevalence, incidence, and the sociodemographic aspects of T1DM is woefully inadequate. In this review we discuss different aspects of T1DM in Saudi Arabia drawing on the published literature currently available.
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Sundberg F, Barnard K, Cato A, de Beaufort C, DiMeglio LA, Dooley G, Hershey T, Hitchcock J, Jain V, Weissberg-Benchell J, Rami-Merhar B, Smart CE, Hanas R. ISPAD Guidelines. Managing diabetes in preschool children. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:499-517. [PMID: 28726299 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Sundberg
- The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharine Barnard
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Allison Cato
- Neurology Division, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Carine de Beaufort
- Clinique Pediatrique, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussels, Jette, Belgium
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology/Diabetology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Tamara Hershey
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Radiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Vandana Jain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Birgit Rami-Merhar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmel E Smart
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Children's Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ragnar Hanas
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden
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