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Jørgensen RM, Østergaard JN, Fogh M, Taylor RW, Støvring H, Bruun JM. Does deciding not to participate in a lifestyle intervention for children with obesity affect the long-term weight change? Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025. [PMID: 39978404 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether long-term weight change in children with obesity is affected after deciding not to participate in a lifestyle intervention. METHODS This observational study included 713 children (aged 5-8 years) with obesity living in Aarhus, Denmark, of whom 157 decided not to participate in a community-based lifestyle intervention between 2010 and 2020, and 556 were never invited to participate (i.e., no-intervention group). Height and weight measurements were combined with socioeconomic information from national registers. A mixed-effects model with splines was used to model changes in BMI z score and stratification to investigate effect modifications. RESULTS We observed a median follow-up of 3.6 years (quartile [Q]1;Q3: 0.4;5.1) for the decided-not-to-participate group. No difference was observed in annual change in BMI z score between the decided-not-to-participate and no-intervention groups (0.00 per year, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.03; p = 0.90). No effect modifications were observed between the two groups concerning highest completed household education (p = 0.59), household income (p = 0.72), or immigration status (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Children deciding not to participate in an intervention did not increase their weight compared with children who were never invited, indicating that treatment could be briefly postponed until families are able to participate. Additionally, socioeconomic status or immigration background did not modify the weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus M Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish National Center for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane N Østergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Fogh
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Henrik Støvring
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens M Bruun
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish National Center for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark
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Koliaki C, Dalamaga M, Liatis S. Update on the Obesity Epidemic: After the Sudden Rise, Is the Upward Trajectory Beginning to Flatten? Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:514-527. [PMID: 37779155 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on current obesity prevalence trends and summarize the available evidence suggesting a possible plateau or stabilization in obesity rates after the previous sudden global rise. RECENT FINDINGS The escalating global obesity epidemic represents one of the most serious public health challenges. There have been some indications that in high-income populations, the rate of obesity increase in adults has been stabilized after the decade 2000-2010, suggesting a possible plateau. Current evidence also suggests that obesity rates have been stabilized in children and adolescents of most economically advanced countries since 2000, which is possibly related to healthier dietary habits and increased levels of physical activity. On the other hand, there is a steady uninterrupted rise in low-income nations, and the universal trend is obesity escalation rather than slowdown, mainly driven by sharp increases in the obesity prevalence of low-income populations. Furthermore, an increasing number of high- and middle-income countries are currently experiencing an epidemic of severe obesity. In high-income populations, severe obesity is expected to double its prevalence from 10 to 20% between 2020 and 2035, posing an enormous threat for healthcare systems. Even if transiently stabilized, the obesity prevalence remains globally at unacceptably high levels, and there is no guarantee that the current stability (if any) will be maintained for long. In this review, we explore the underlying drivers of the global obesity epidemic; we provide possible explanations for the reported slowdown of the obesity rates in some countries; and we overall take a critical perspective on the obesity plateau hypothesis, emphasizing the urgent need for immediate effective actions at population and regional level in order to halt the alarming obesity escalation and its serious health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Koliaki
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17 Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Liatis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17 Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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3
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Artymiak P, Żegleń M, Kowal M, Woronkowicz A, Kryst Ł. Changes in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and excessive adiposity among adolescents from Kraków (Poland) in the years 1983-2020. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23866. [PMID: 36695477 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improved living conditions affect lifestyles and may contribute to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity as well as excessive adiposity among teenagers from Kraków (Poland). METHODS The study was conducted in four series in the years: 1983, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The study group included 1759 boys and 1699 girls aged 16-18 years. body mass index (BMI) was calculated on the basis of body height and weight. Adiposity was measured by bioimpedance method. Participants were grouped according to BMI categories using Cole's cut-off points and according to adiposity based on mean and standard deviations values. The significance of the differences between cohorts was assessed by the Chi-square test. RESULTS Secular increase in the prevalence of underweight and overweight was observed among girls in most age groups. An increase in the prevalence of high body fat was also observed among 16- and 17-year-old girls - the opposite trend was noted in 18-year-old girls. Contemporary boys had an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in each age group. CONCLUSION There was a significant increase in the prevalence of body weight abnormalities in the study population. The observed results may be related to socio-economic changes that adversely affect the lifestyle of the society. The results are also important in terms of the health of future generations and may be helpful in the development of new prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Artymiak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żegleń
- Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woronkowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
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Jabakhanji SB, Boland F, Ward M, Biesma R. Prevalence of early childhood obesity in Ireland: Differences over time, between sexes and across child growth criteria. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12953. [PMID: 35758060 PMCID: PMC9787496 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various child growth criteria exist for monitoring overweight and obesity prevalence in young children. OBJECTIVES To estimate early overweight and obesity prevalence in Ireland and compare the differences in prevalence across ages, growth criteria and sexes. METHODS Longitudinal body mass index data from the nationally representative Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort (n = 11 134) were categorized ('under-/normal weight', 'risk of overweight', 'overweight', 'obesity') using the sex- and age-specific International Obesity Task Force growth reference, World Health Organization growth standard and World Health Organization growth reference criteria. Differences in prevalences between criteria and sexes, and changes in each weight category and criterion across ages (9 months, 3 years, 5 years), were investigated. RESULTS Across criteria, 11%-40% of children had overweight or obesity at 9 months, 14%-46% at 3 years and 8%-32% at 5 years of age. Prevalence estimates were highest using the World Health Organization growth reference, followed by International Obesity Task Force estimates. Within each criterion, prevalence decreased significantly over time (p < 0.05). However, when combining both World Health Organization criteria, as recommended for population studies, prevalence increased, due to differences in definitions between them. Significantly more boys than girls had overweight/obesity using either World Health Organization criterion, which was reversed using the International Obesity Task Force growth reference. CONCLUSIONS To increase transparency and comparability, studies of childhood obesity need to consider differences in prevalence estimates across growth criteria. Effective prevention, intervention and policy-making are needed to control Ireland's high overweight and obesity prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Boland
- Division of Population Health SciencesRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
| | - Mark Ward
- School of Medicine, The Center for Medical GerontologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Regien Biesma
- Division of Population Health SciencesRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland,Global Health Unit, Department of Health SciencesUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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5
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Trier C, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell V, Borgwardt L, Rasmussen A, Hørby Jørgensen M. Markers of obesity in Danish pediatric liver transplantation recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14320. [PMID: 35669999 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-time survivors of pediatric liver transplantation have an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome. Adult recipients have an increased risk of post-transplantation obesity; however, pediatric data are limited. METHODS The study included 42 recipients of pediatric liver transplantation in Denmark, transplanted between 1990 and 2014. The study participants were examined with anthropometric measures, dual-energy X-ray scans and blood samples. From the anthropometric measures, body mass index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation score (SDS) were calculated. From the dual-energy X-ray scans, fat percent was assessed, and body fat mass index (BFMI) was calculated. RESULTS The median age was 17.4 years (range 4.1-38.9) at the time of the study, and the median time since transplantation was 8.5 years (range 0.4-23.9). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 31.0% based on BMI SDS (age below 18) and BMI (age 18 and above). When compared to the participants with normal weight, the participants with overweight and obesity had a higher BFMI (9.29 vs 5.57 kg/m2 , p < .001) and fat percent (38.35% vs 29.50%, p = .006). They had higher levels of total cholesterol (4.3 vs 3.6 mmol/L, p = .023) and low-density lipoprotein (2.5 vs 1.7, p = .015), and had had longer time since transplantation (15.6 vs 8.5 years respectively, p = .045). CONCLUSIONS Long-time survivors of pediatric liver transplantation have a higher BMI or BMI SDS than the general pediatric population. The obesity is characterized by a higher BFMI, fat percent, and cholesterols levels, when compared to recipients without overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilie Trier
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Schaffalitzky de Muckadell
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of Lillebaelt, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Lise Borgwardt
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vanhelst J, Baudelet JB, Thivel D, Ovigneur H, Deschamps T. French youth trends in prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight from 2008 to 2018. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:208. [PMID: 35706045 PMCID: PMC9202212 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Because the prevalence overweight and obesity remains high during adolescence in Europe, tracking weight status in children and adolescents is needed. We aimed to estimate French trends in the prevalence of weight status in children and adolescent from 2008 to 2018. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher in boys (P < 0.0001). Underweight was more prevalent in girls (P < 0.0001). In adolescents aged 16–17 years old, a stabilization was observed for overweight and obesity whereas the prevalence of underweight increased significantly in boys (P < 0.0001). For children and adolescents aged to 10–12 and 13–15 years old, the obesity and overweight decreased significantly while the underweight was increased for both sexes aged 10–12 years (P < 0.0001). Underweight increased in boys aged 13–15 years (P < 0.0001) while that a stagnation was observed in girls. These encouraging results show the permanent need to develop preventive strategies promoting an healthy active living in order to modify the lifestyle for adolescents with underweight, overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation (U-1286), Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Benoît Baudelet
- Congenital & Pediatric Heart Unit, Institut Cœur Poumon, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - David Thivel
- AME2P Laboratory, CRNH Auvergne, Univ. Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Do Crowding-Out Effects Explain the Low Effect of a Health Promotion Intervention among Young People at a Vocational School? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111127. [PMID: 34769645 PMCID: PMC8583595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, school-based interventions have increasingly been used as a strategy to promote good eating habits and physical activity among young people at school. However, little is known about the effect that this kind of public involvement has on the overall behavior of young people. Economists refer to the existence of a crowding-out effect when public sector engagement in influencing behavior is counteracted by behaviors at the individual level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a health promotion intervention program among young people at a vocational school on the overall behavior of the students and consider whether a crowding-out effect existed when it came to health behavior. This study used data from the Gearing up the Body (GUB) intervention that was carried out at the vocational school of Uddannelsescenter Holstebro, Denmark. The study included 130 students from two vocational programs. Answers were collected from survey questions in three waves. Our results showed that intervening in the school setting had the intended impact on physical activity but an unintended impact on eating behavior. In the GUB study, we found signs of countervailing behaviors in and out of school that need to be further explored.
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Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Herráiz-Adillo Á, Martínez-Hortelano JA, Soriano-Cano A, Díez-Fernández A, Solera-Martínez M, Sánchez-López M. Obesity and thinness prevalence trends in Spanish schoolchildren: are they two convergent epidemics? Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:1019-1025. [PMID: 32601672 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to analyse the secular trends in body composition variables and weight status among Spanish schoolchildren from 1992 to 2017, and to examine the persistence in the same weight status category from 2013 to 2017 of the birth cohort in 2007-08. METHODS The data for the prevalence/trend analysis were taken from cross-sectional analyses conducted in 1992 (n = 308), 1996 (n = 307), 1998 (n = 275), 2004 (n = 1119), 2010 (n = 912), 2013 (n = 352) and 2017 (n = 275) using similar procedure methods among schoolchildren (aged 4-6 y and 8-11 years) from 22 public schools in the province of Cuenca, Spain. The data for the longitudinal analysis were obtained from cross-sectional analyses of measurements gathered in 2013 and 2017 in the same cohort of children (n = 275) born in 2007 and 2008. Weight, height, body fat percentage (by electronic bioimpedance) and waist circumference were measured by trained personnel. Weight status was defined according to the BMI cut-offs proposed by the International obesity task force (IOTF) criteria. RESULTS In schoolchildren, the overall prevalence of thinness increased from 5.9% in 1992 to 14.5% in 2017, P < 0.001. Whereas, the overall prevalence of obesity/overweight remained relatively steady between the same time period (from 25.2% to 26.9%), P = 0.599. In relation to the longitudinal analyses, we observed that 70.9% of schoolchildren in 2017 remained in the same weight status category as in 2013. CONCLUSIONS The child obesity epidemic in Spain has remained relatively stable over the last two decades. However, the prevalence of thinness shows a worrying upward trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Ángel Herráiz-Adillo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Department of Primary Care, Health Service of Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Tragacete, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Alba Soriano-Cano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Ana Díez-Fernández
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Education, Ciudad Real, Spain
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9
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Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Oliveira A, Martínez-Andrés M, Sequí-Domínguez I, Hernández-Castillejo LE, Cavero-Redondo I. Prevalence and trends of underweight in European children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3611-3624. [PMID: 33779808 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at providing prevalence trend estimates of underweight among children and adolescents in Europe from 2000 to 2017. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from their inception up to March 2020. Moreover, searches were conducted on health institutions' websites to identify studies not published in scientific journals. Underweight was defined according to the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) definition criteria. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to compute the pooled prevalence estimates whenever there was no evidence of heterogeneity; otherwise, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used. Subgroup analyses by sex, age range (2-13 and 14-18 years old), study year (2000-2006 and 2007-2017), country and European region were conducted. RESULTS A total of 49 studies with data from 323,420 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years, from 26 countries were included. From 2000 to 2017, according to the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of underweight showed an increasing trend in Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe, where the underweight prevalence ranged from 9.1 to 12.0%, from 4.1 to 6.8%, and from 5.8 to 6.7%, respectively. In Western Europe, the prevalence of underweight tended to decrease, from 14.0 to 11.8%. No significant differences were found by sex or age range. CONCLUSION The prevalence of underweight is considerable (overall, around 8-9%), particularly in Eastern Europe, and follows a slight upward trend during the past decade. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017056924.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain. .,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile.
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Martínez-Andrés
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain
| | - Irene Sequí-Domínguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
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10
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Ibfelt EH, Vistisen D, Falberg Rønn P, Pørksen S, Madsen M, Kremke B, Svensson J. Association between glycaemic outcome and BMI in Danish children with type 1 diabetes in 2000-2018: a nationwide population-based study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14401. [PMID: 32918312 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the development of HbA1c and BMI over time in Danish children with type 1 diabetes; and to investigate the association between HbA1c and BMI including influence of age, gender, diabetes duration, severe hypoglycaemia and treatment method. METHODS We used the nationwide Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes, DanDiabKids, including annual registrations of all children with diabetes treated at Danish hospitals. With linear mixed-effects models and splines we analyzed the HbA1c and BMI development over time as well as the association between HbA1c and BMI including effects of gender, age, disease duration, hypoglycaemia and treatment method. BMI z-scores were calculated for these analyses. RESULTS For the period from 2000 to 2018, 6097 children with type 1 diabetes were identified from the DanDiabKids database. The median (interquartile range) HbA1c level was 65 (57-74) mmol/mol (8.1%) and the median BMI z-score was 0.85 in girls and 0.67 in boys. A non-linear association was found between HbA1c and BMI z-score, with the highest BMI z-score observed for HbA1c values in the range of approximately 60-70 mmol/mol (7.6-6.8%). The association was modified by gender, age and diabetes duration. Severe hypoglycaemia and insulin pump treatment had a small positive impact on BMI z-score. CONCLUSION The association between HbA1c and BMI z-score was non-linear, with the highest BMI z-score being observed for intermediate HbA1c levels; however, specific patterns depended on gender, age and diabetes duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Ibfelt
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - D Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - S Pørksen
- Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Centre Sjaelland, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - M Madsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - B Kremke
- Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - J Svensson
- Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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11
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Millar SR, Harding M, McCarthy LE, Kelleher V, Harrington JM, James P, Whelton H, Perry IJ. Exploring 12-Year trends in childhood obesity prevalence for the Republic of Ireland - a national study using survey data from 2002 and 2014. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:3. [PMID: 35949452 PMCID: PMC9334843 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12988.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children may have reached a plateau in some developed countries, including Ireland. The aim of this study was to examine 12-year trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary-school-aged children in the Republic of Ireland between 2002 and 2014. Methods: Two large-scale oral health cross-sectional surveys of primary-school-aged children aged 4-13 years were conducted 12 years apart in 2002 (n=14,055; response rate=68%) and 2014 (n=5,223; response rate=67%). Both surveys included standardised and calibrated height and weight measures. Ownership of a means-tested medical card determined economic status. Standard International Obesity Task Force criteria were applied to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity among 4-13-year-olds significantly decreased from 26% (95% CI: 25.1%-26.5%) in 2002 to 24% (95% CI: 22.4%-24.7%) in 2014. Among boys and girls aged 4-13 years, the significant decrease was from 23% (95% CI: 22.1%-24.1%) to 20% (95% CI: 18.9%-22.0 and 28% (95% CI: 27.4%-29.5%) to 27% (95% CI: 25.0%-28.4%), respectively. Among 5-year-old children, the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity significantly decreased from 25% (95% CI: 23.7%-26.2%) to 22% (95% CI: 19.9%-23.4%). In 2002, the estimated prevalence of overweight/obesity was similar in children with and without medical cards, whereas in 2014, overall prevalence was higher in those with medical cards. Conclusions: Results suggest a fall in the prevalence of overweight/obesity between 2002 and 2014, and may suggest a favourable cohort effect. Despite this fall, the overall prevalence remains high and socioeconomic disparities have increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán R. Millar
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairead Harding
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- Cork Kerry Community Healthcare, Health Service Executive, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura E. McCarthy
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Virginia Kelleher
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Patrice James
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Helen Whelton
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J. Perry
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Co Cork, Ireland
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12
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Larsen AV, Mundbjerg E, Lauritsen JM, Faergemann C. Development of the annual incidence rate of fracture in children 1980-2018: a population-based study of 32,375 fractures. Acta Orthop 2020; 91:593-597. [PMID: 32500789 PMCID: PMC8023904 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2020.1772555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Pediatric fractures are a common cause of morbidity. So far, no larger Danish study has described the development in the incidence rates. Therefore, we describe the development in the incidence rates of pediatric fractures in the time period 1980-2018 and the frequency of the most common type of fractures.Patients and methods - This is a retrospective register study of all children aged 0-15 years with a fracture treated in the Emergency Department at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, between 1980 and 2018. For all cases, information on age, sex, date of treatment, diagnosis, and treatment was obtained from the patient registration system. Based on official public population counts we estimated age and sex-specific annual incidence rates.Results - 32,375 fractures were included. In the study period the incidence rate decreased by 12%. The incidence increased until the early 1990s. Thereafter incidence rates decreased until 2004-09, from then onward increasing towards the end of the study period. The highest age-specific incidence rate in boys of 522 per 10,000 person-years was at 13 years of age. In girls the age of the highest incidence rate decreased from 11 years in 1980 to 10 years in 2018. Fracture of the lower end of the forearm, the clavicle, and the lower end of the humerus had the highest single fracture incidence rates.Interpretation - The incidence rate of pediatric fractures decreased in the study period by 12%. The highest single fracture incidence rates were for fracture of the lower end of the forearm, the clavicle, and the lower end of the humerus. As the first longitudinal Danish study of pediatric fractures this study is a baseline for evaluating future interventions and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V Larsen
- Accident Analysis Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense; ,Correspondence: @rsyd.dk
| | - Esben Mundbjerg
- Accident Analysis Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense;
| | - Jens M Lauritsen
- Accident Analysis Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense;
| | - Christian Faergemann
- Accident Analysis Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense; ,Section for Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Hoeeg D, Christensen U, Grabowski D. Intra-familial health polarisation: how diverse health concerns become barriers to health behaviour change in families with preschool children and emerging obesity. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:1243-1258. [PMID: 32304261 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a disadvantaged rural area in Denmark, severe challenges have been identified concerning overweight and obesity in families with preschool-age children. The present paper examines how families with young children and emerging obesity issues perceive 'healthy living' and barriers to practising it. Using data from qualitative workshops with families and professionals working with them, we reveal health perceptions and related family dynamics. Drawing on P. Bourdieu's theory of habitus and 'tastes of necessity', K.L. Frohlich et al.'s notion of 'collective lifestyles' and E. Lindbladh and C. H. Lyttken's theory of preconditions for health behaviour change and reactions to risk-related information, we analyse how risk perceptions and related health practices within the families are influenced by the local contexts in the disadvantaged area under study. Despite shared perceptions of 'healthy living', we found that diverse health-risk perceptions created family dynamics in which parents performed opposed health behaviours, which became a huge barrier to becoming a healthier family. Based on our theoretical approach, we propose that risk perceptions and reactions are highly context dependent, as illustrated in both micro-contexts (family dynamics) and the macro-context (the disadvantaged area).
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Affiliation(s)
- Didde Hoeeg
- Department of Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Grabowski
- Department of Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Pastor-Fajardo MT, Bosch-Giménez VM, Larqué E, Solano Navarro C, Fuentes-Castelló MÁ, Pastor-Rosado J. Prevalence and secular trend of childhood overweight and obesity in a Mediterranean area of Southeast Spain. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1784640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Solano Navarro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen De La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Pastor-Rosado
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital General Universitario De Elche, Elche, Spain
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Rasmussen M, Damsgaard MT, Morgen CS, Kierkegaard L, Toftager M, Rosenwein SV, Krølner RF, Due P, Holstein BE. Trends in social inequality in overweight and obesity among adolescents in Denmark 1998-2018. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:607-616. [PMID: 32076738 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyze trends in overweight and obesity in relation to socioeconomic position among Danish adolescents in the 20-year period 1998-2018. METHODS The study used data on self-reported height and weight and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from 11-, 13- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018, n = 22,177. The analyses included absolute social inequality in overweight/obesity (prevalence difference between low and high OSC) and relative social inequality (OR for overweight/obesity). RESULTS In the total sample, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.7% and 1.4%, respectively, with significantly higher prevalence in low than high OSC. There were significantly increasing trends in both overweight and obesity 1998-2018 in low OSC and no significant increase in high OSC. The OR for overweight was 1.59 (1.42-1.74) in middle and 2.16 (1.89-2.46) in low OSC, OR for obesity 1.74 (1.29-2.34) in middle and 2.97 (2.15-4.11) in low OSC. Associations were not modified by survey year. CONCLUSIONS There was a persistent absolute and relative social inequality in overweight and obesity 1998-2018 among Danish adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rasmussen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Trab Damsgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Schmidt Morgen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Kierkegaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Toftager
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Vork Rosenwein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fredenslund Krølner
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Evald Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sejersen TS, Vinding RK, Stokholm J, Chawes B, Bønnelykke K, Krakauer M, Bisgaard H. Antibiotic exposure in infancy and development of BMI and body composition in childhood. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 17:100209. [PMID: 31891142 PMCID: PMC6933179 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that antibiotic usage in early life could contribute to development of overweight in childhood. Studies have seen association between antibiotic usage and overweight in childhood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between antibiotic exposure in infancy and development of body mass index (BMI) and body composition. METHODS A prospective mother-child cohort study of 738 pregnant women and their 700 children, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 (COPSAC2010). Information on antibiotic exposure was collected by interviews. Height/length and weight measures were collected at age 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years and body composition was determined by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at age 3.5 and 6 years. FINDINGS 306 (46%) of the 661 children were exposed to antibiotics before 1 year of age. There were no differences in BMI z-score development at age 1-6 years between children exposed to antibiotics compared to unexposed: z-score difference, -0.06 (95%CI: -0.17;0.06), p = 0.33, and no sex-differences (p-interaction = 0.48). Children exposed vs. not exposed to antibiotics had comparable fat percentage at 6 years of age: log(mean difference), 0.60% (95%CI: -0.212 to 1.41), p = 0.15. INTERPRETATION Children exposed to antibiotics had similar BMI, BMI z-score and body composition between 1 and 6 years of life compared to unexposed children. Our study does not support the hypothesis that antibiotic exposure in infancy leads to development of obesity in the first 6 years of life. FUNDING The Lundbeck Foundation, The Ministry of Health, Danish Council for Strategic Research and The Capital Region Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Steen Sejersen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Kofod Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Martin Krakauer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Corresponding author.
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Shah S, Abbas G, Hanif M, Anees-Ur-Rehman, Zaman M, Riaz N, Altaf A, Hassan SU, Saleem U, Shah A. Increased burden of disease and role of health economics: Asia-pacific region. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2019; 19:517-528. [DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1650643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Shah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Anees-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Riaz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Altaf
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shams Ul Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Shah
- Pediatric Medicine Department, Mukhtar Ahmad Sheikh Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
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Larsen SD, Christensen ME, Dalgård C, Lykkedegn S, Andersen LB, Andersen MS, Glintborg D, Christesen HT. Pregnancy or cord 25-hydroxyvitamin D is not associated with measures of body fat or adiposity in children from three months to three years of age. An Odense Child Cohort study. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1832-1839. [PMID: 31471164 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The susceptibility to overweight in adults born during winter season may suggest foetal programming of prenatal vitamin D levels on adiposity. We investigated whether cord or pregnancy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25OHD) was associated with infant and child body fat measures in a Danish population-based prospective cohort. METHODS In the Odense Child Cohort, 1905 singletons had cord s-25OHD and data on waist circumference (WC), weight, body mass index (BMI), and sum of skin folds (SSF) at median 3.7 months, 18.9 months and three years' age. Early and late pregnancy samples of s-25OHD (mean gestational age 12 and 29 weeks) were chosen as secondary exposures. Multiple linear and logistic regression as well as linear mixed models was applied testing the relation between cord and pregnancy s-25OHD and body fat outcomes and their Z-scores by use of updated national reference populations. Models were adjusted for maternal educational level, maternal ethnicity, pre-gestational BMI and season of birth, a priori stratified by sex. RESULTS The median [IQR] cord s-25OHD was 45.5 [31.1; 60.9] nmol/L. Cord s-25OHD <50 nmol/L was found in 57.5%; values < 25 nmol/L in 16.3%. The mean Z-scores of body fat measures at all ages were in the range of -0.32 to +0.42. No consistent associations were found between s-25OHD in cord, early pregnancy or late pregnancy and WC, weight, BMI, SSF, or their Z-scores at ages 3.7 months, 18.9 months, or 3 years. Neither did a computed composite outcome (WC, SSF, BMI, or weight >90th vs. ≤90 percentile) associate with cord or pregnancy s-25OHD. CONCLUSION Cord or pregnancy s-25OHD was not associated with measures of body fat or adiposity in children up to three years of age. Our data suggested no programming effect of maternal s-25OHD on offspring obesity in a relatively lean and healthy population of mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søs Dragsbæk Larsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Egelund Christensen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sine Lykkedegn
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Louise Bjørkholt Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Marianne Skovsager Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Thybo Christesen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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Eagleton SG, Hohman EE, Verdiglione N, Birch LL, Paul IM, Savage JS. INSIGHT Study Maternal Return to Work and Infant Weight Outcomes. Acad Pediatr 2019; 19:67-73. [PMID: 30145361 PMCID: PMC6321792 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal return to work within 12 weeks of delivery is associated with poor child health and development. However, little is known about the impact of return to work on the risk of child obesity. We examined whether timing of maternal return to work is associated with rapid infant weight gain from 0 to 6 months and weight-for-length at 1 year. METHODS Secondary data analysis of 279 mother-newborn dyads from the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories Study, a randomized controlled trial evaluating a responsive parenting (RP) intervention. Rapid infant weight gain from 0 to 6 months was assessed using conditional weight gain (CWG) scores. Infant weight-for-length was calculated using World Health Organization reference values. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined whether infant weight outcomes differed by timing of maternal return to work (≤12 weeks vs >12 weeks after delivery). Moderation by study group (RP intervention vs safety control) and mediation by breastmilk feeding were examined in ANOVA models. RESULTS Among 261 mothers, approximately one half (n = 130) returned to work within 12 weeks. Compared with infants of mothers who returned to work after 12 weeks, infants of mothers who returned to work within 12 weeks had greater CWG scores from 0 to 6 months (P = .006) and were heavier at 1 year (P = .05). These associations were not moderated by study group or mediated by breastmilk feeding. CONCLUSIONS Maternal return to work within 12 weeks was associated with rapid infant weight gain in the first 6 months and greater weight-for-length at 1 year, although the mechanisms to explain our findings are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally G. Eagleton
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA
| | - Emily E. Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA
| | - Nicole Verdiglione
- Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Leann L. Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA
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Słowik J, Grochowska-Niedworok E, Maciejewska-Paszek I, Kardas M, Niewiadomska E, Szostak-Trybuś M, Palka-Słowik M, Irzyniec T. Nutritional Status Assessment in Children and Adolescents with Various Levels of Physical Activity in Aspect of Obesity. Obes Facts 2019; 12:554-563. [PMID: 31639803 PMCID: PMC6876601 DOI: 10.1159/000502698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rational way of nourishment, combined with adequate physical activity, are the basic components of maintaining proper body condition. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate nutritional status among children and adolescents with different levels of physical activity. METHODS The study group consisted of 1,013 students of both genders aged between 7 and 18 years attending elementary and post-primary schools (general and sports profile) in Siemianowice Slaskie. RESULTS The crude body mass index (BMI) values ranged from 12.78 to 35.3. Body mass within the limits of arbitrary standard referred to 70% of the examined group, overweight or obesity was found in over 25%. Percentage of body fat (FATP) values ranged from 5.7 to 45.2%. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of children and adolescents were overweight or obese based on BMI categories and FATP values. Overweight and obesity were most common among younger children, particularly boys. Higher torso FATP levels were more common among sports-oriented class students. BMI is not a good tool for the determination of the nutritional status of children and adolescents, while the bioelectric impedance method enables one to conduct a precise analysis of adipose tissue content and location. Sports-oriented elementary school students from the study group were characterized by higher FATP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Słowik
- Private Medical Practice "Familia", Siemianowice Slaskie, Poland
| | | | - Izabela Maciejewska-Paszek
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Kardas
- Department of Dietetics, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Ewa Niewiadomska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland,
| | - Magdalena Szostak-Trybuś
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Irzyniec
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Regecová V, Hamade J, Janechová H, Ševčíková Ľ. Comparison of Slovak reference values for anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents with international growth standards: implications for the assessment of overweight and obesity. Croat Med J 2018. [PMID: 30610774 PMCID: PMC6330770 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2018.59.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the national reference percentile values for body height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents in Slovakia with international standards and to analyze growth trends in this population. Methods The study was designed as a repeated cross-sectional survey. Two nationwide anthropometric surveys (NAS) performed in 2001 and 2011 assessed body weight, height, and BMI of 38 692 children aged 7 to 18 years. Age- and sex-specifıc smoothed percentiles were generated with the lambda-mu-sigma method. Slovak standards were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 z-scores and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) standards. Results Medians of body height corresponded to the 75th-85th percentile of the WHO 2007 standards. The secular trend of height increase was attenuated, and the final body height did not change between NAS 2001 and NAS 2011. The cut-off BMI values for obesity, set at the 97th percentile for age <14 years, were higher across age ranges than WHO 2007 standards but lower than IOTF standards. Obesity prevalence, relatively low in 2001 (<3%), doubled during the following decade (P < 0.001), with the highest values (4.8%-7.6%) observed in children aged up to 13 years. Conclusion NAS 2001 data were chosen as national growth standards, as these data were not influenced by the obesity rates increase in the period between the surveys. BMI cut-offs were lower than those in most European countries. Obesity proportions in prepubertal and pubertal boys might be overestimated when WHO 2007 cut-offs are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Regecová
- Valéria Regecová, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 81371 Bratislava, Slovakia,
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Poulsen PH, Biering K, Winding TN, Nohr EA, Andersen JH. How does childhood socioeconomic position affect overweight and obesity in adolescence and early adulthood: a longitudinal study. BMC OBESITY 2018; 5:34. [PMID: 30524739 PMCID: PMC6276194 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-018-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) has previously been associated with increased risk of overweight among children and adolescents. However, it remains uncertain whether the timing of exposure is important in relation to developing overweight in early adulthood. We aimed to examine how SEP during early (0-8 years) and late childhood (9-14 years) relates to overweight at age 15, 18 and 21. Methods Longitudinal study in Western Denmark of 2879 young people (aged 15 in 2004). Exposure variables from registers were yearly household income, parental highest educational level and parental labour market participation (LMP), supplemented with questionnaire information about "family functioning" (age 15). Outcome variables were overweight and obesity, measured at three-time points.We analyzed the adjusted associations between childhood SEP and overweight and obesity using multinomial logistic regression, stratified on gender. Results Early childhood: Parental lower educational level increased girls' risk of overweight and obesity at age 18 and 21 between RR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.0;3.4) and RR = 5.2 (95% CI 1.4;19.3). Girls reporting poor "family functioning" had up to twice the risk of overweight and obesity at age 21. Boys, whose fathers had a lower level of education had up to 2.4 times the risk of obesity at age 21. Parental low LMP increased boys' risk of obesity at age 18 and 21 between RR = 2.2 (95% CI 1.3;3.8) and RR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.3;6.1). Late childhood: Parental lower level of education tripled the risk of overweight and obesity among girls at age 18 and among both genders at age 21. Conclusion This study confirmed to some extent that economic, social and psychological insecurity and inequality as measured by lower parental educational level, lower household income, low labour market participation and poor family function during childhood was associated with an increased risk of overweight and especially obesity in adolescence and early adulthood in both genders. Despite some imprecise measures, the direction of the associations pointed to several associations, which all were in the hypothesized direction. Timing of lower household income and parental low LMP in childhood seemed to be gender-specific in some way, but this warrants more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Hoegh Poulsen
- 1Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400 Herning, Denmark
| | - Karin Biering
- 1Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400 Herning, Denmark
| | - Trine Nøhr Winding
- 1Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400 Herning, Denmark
| | - Ellen Aagaard Nohr
- Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Johan Hviid Andersen
- 1Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400 Herning, Denmark
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Eriksson M, Lingfors H, Golsäter M. Trends in prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Swedish children and adolescents between 2004 and 2015. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1818-1825. [PMID: 29637596 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study explored weight trends among children aged 4, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years in Jönköping County Sweden, from 2004 to 2015. METHODS The study had a repeated cross-sectional design, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on height and weight measurements collected from child health and school health records. The prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity was estimated with international cut-offs, with linear trends calculated separately for boys and girls. RESULTS There were 190 965 measurements of BMI and these covered 82-97% of the younger children and 55-69% of the older children during the study period. The prevalence of thinness varied between 0.2% and 2.2% across time and age groups and did not change over the study period. There was a small decrease in overweight among both girls and boys aged four years. There were increasing trends in overweight and obesity in both girls and boys aged 11 and 14 years of age and a sharp increase among 17-year-old boys, with 7.3% obese in 2014/2015 and 3.6% in 2004/2005. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity decreased from 2004 to 2015 or was stable in younger Swedish children, but increased among older children, with a large increase in adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Eriksson
- Futurum; Region Jönköping County; Jönköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Hans Lingfors
- Futurum; Region Jönköping County; Jönköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Marie Golsäter
- Futurum; Region Jönköping County; Jönköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Child-Research Group; Department of Nursing Science; School of Health and Welfare; Jönköping University; Jönköping Sweden
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Prevalence of overweight/obesity among 7-year-old children-WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in Slovakia, trends and differences between selected European countries. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:945-953. [PMID: 29663085 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence and time trends of overweight/obesity in Slovak children by applying WHO, IOTF, and the national criteria; (2) to compare the prevalence between selected European countries; and (3) to evaluate the central obesity by the waist-to-height ratio. The survey was performed within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative. The weight, height, waist, and hip were measured in 2795 children at the age of 7-7.99 years (50.1% boys; 55.5% in rural areas). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was determined using the LMS Growth. In boys, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 17.1/14.9% according to WHO, 13.8/8.8% according to IOTF, and 9.9/8.8% according to the national criteria. Among girls, the prevalence reached 15.1/11.1%, 12.6/8.1%, and 7.5/9.5%, respectively. These rates corresponded to the average of the European countries. Central obesity was identified in 76.9% of overweight/obese, but also in 5.9% normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSION While overweight has increased by 3% the prevalence of obesity has doubled since 2001. The rise culminated approximately 6 years ago and has not increased since then. The body constitution differences should be considered when comparing the prevalence of overweight/obesity between populations and/or individuals. What is Known: • Knowledge of the prevalence of overweight/obesity is seminal for effective implementation of programs focusing on the reduction of incidence and prevalence of obesity in early childhood. What is New: • The most numerous and representative study on the prevalence of overweight/obesity in 7-year-old children involving 2795 (5%) of peers living in Slovakia. • The prevalence of obesity in Slovakia falls within the range of average rate of the European countries. Central obesity was identified in almost 20% subjects.
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Burden of obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:165-176. [PMID: 28776243 PMCID: PMC5973977 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study results to explore the burden of high body mass index (BMI) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). METHODS We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children (2-19 years) and adults (≥20 years) in 1980 and 2015. The burden of disease related to high BMI was calculated using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity increased for adults from 15.1% (95% UI 13.4-16.9) in 1980 to 20.7% (95% UI 18.8-22.8) in 2015. It increased from 4.1% (95% UI 2.9-5.5) to 4.9% (95% UI 3.6-6.4) for the same period among children. In 2015, there were 417,115 deaths and 14,448,548 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI in EMR, which constitute about 10 and 6.3% of total deaths and DALYs, respectively, for all ages. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to estimate trends in obesity burden for the EMR from 1980 to 2015. We call for EMR countries to invest more resources in prevention and health promotion efforts to reduce this burden.
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Alías-Hernández I, Galera-Martínez R, García-García E, Muñoz-Vico FJ, Vázquez Lopez MÁ, Olvera-Porcel MC, Bonillo Perales A. Insulinaemia and insulin resistance in Caucasian general paediatric population aged 2 to 10 years: Associated risk factors. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:45-52. [PMID: 28493411 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine values of insulinaemia, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) among a population of prepubertal Caucasian children, to analyse factors associated with insulin resistance (IR), and to study its association with cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Population-based study conducted on a randomly selected sample of prepubescent Caucasian subjects aged 2.00 to 9.99 years old. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples were obtained, including fasting glucose, triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and insulin. In addition, QUICKI and HOMA indices were calculated. Generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) was used to calculate centiles curves and multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with IR. RESULTS A total of 654 subjects were included. Mean values obtained for insulinaemia, HOMA index, and QUICKI were 3.74 μIU/mL, 0.73, and 0.44, respectively, in the overall population and 3.32 μIU/mL, 0.64 and 0.46, respectively, in normal weight subjects. The main factor associated with IR was abdominal obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.38 [95% CI 1.44-7.94] in the subgroup aged 2.00-5.99 years and OR 9.14 [3.42-24.41] for those aged 6.00-9.99 years). An increased risk of hyperglycaemia (P = 0.043), hypertriglyceridaemia (P < .001), and HDL < p10 (P = 0.021) was described among children aged 2.00 to 5.99 years with IR, and among those aged 6.00 to 9.99 years, IR was associated with an increased risk of hypertriglyceridaemia (P < .001). CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity was the main factor associated with IR. Metabolic changes associated with IR seem to be present from early stages of life, which highlights the importance of the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of obesity.
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Sigmund E, Badura P, Sigmundová D, Voráčová J, Zacpal J, Kalman M, Pavelka J, Vokacová J, Hobza V, Hamrik Z. Trends and correlates of overweight/obesity in Czech adolescents in relation to family socioeconomic status over a 12-year study period (2002-2014). BMC Public Health 2018; 18:122. [PMID: 29321055 PMCID: PMC5764007 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-5013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined a) trends in overweight/obesity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time (ST) among Czech adolescents over a 12-year study period (2002–2014) in relation to family affluence (FA) and b) correlates of adolescent overweight/obesity from different FA categories. Methods A nationally representative sample of 18,250 adolescents (51.4% girls) aged 10.5–16.5 years was drawn from the Czech Health Behaviour in School-aged Children questionnaire-based surveys in 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. Using the FA scale, the socioeconomic status (SES) of the respondents’ families was assessed. SES-stratified trends in the prevalence of overweight/obesity meeting the MVPA (≥60 min/day), and ST (≤2 h/day) recommendations were assessed using logistic regression. Results A trend-related significant increase (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of overweight/obesity was observed in low−/medium-FA boys and medium−/high-FA girls. Unlike in high-FA adolescents, a significant decrease was revealed in the rates of meeting the MVPA recommendation in low-FA boys (28.9%2002 → 23.3%2014, OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59–0.95, p < 0.05) and girls (22.3%2002 → 17.3%2014, OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.57–0.92, p < 0.01). A significant (p < 0.001) trend-related increase in excessive ST was evident in adolescents regardless of gender and FA category. Generally, girls and older adolescents had lower odds of overweight/obesity than boys and 11-year-old adolescents. While in the high-FA category of adolescents, achieving 60 min of MVPA daily and the absence of excessive ST on weekdays significantly (p < 0.01) reduced their odds of being overweight/obese, in low-FA adolescents this was not the case. Conclusions High rates of overweight/obesity and a poor level of daily MVPA among low-FA children provide disturbing evidence highlighting the necessity of public health efforts to implement obesity reduction interventions for this disadvantaged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sigmund
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Badura
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Sigmundová
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Voráčová
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zacpal
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. 17. Listopadu, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalman
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavelka
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vokacová
- Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hobza
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hamrik
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Marques A, Gaspar de Matos M, Machado M, Naia A, Mota J. The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents from 1988 to 2014: Results from the HBSC Portuguese Survey. PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000493987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Using a national representative sample of Portuguese adolescents, this study aimed to report the prevalence of overweight and obesity over 16 years, from 1998 to 2014. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The total sample comprised 26,479 adolescents (12,711 boys and 13,768 girls) aged 11–16 years (mean age ± SD = 13.5 ± 1.7) from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Portuguese survey cohorts from 1998 (<i>n</i> = 5,999), 2002 (<i>n</i> = 5,454), 2006 (<i>n</i> = 4,430), 2010 (<i>n</i> = 4,702), and 2014 (<i>n</i> = 5,894). Weight and height were self-reported. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was calculated along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was achieved in 2010 (20.5%; 95% CI: 19.5, 21.9) and the lowest in 1998 (17.8%; 95% CI: 16.8, 18.8). The results of trend tests between 1998 and 2014 show that there was no significant change in overweight and obesity prevalence. Although the prevalence of obesity increased from 1998 to 2014 for the entire sample (0.8%; 95% CI: –5.5, 7.0), for boys (1.1%; 95% CI: –4.1, 6.3), and girls (0.5%; 95% CI: –4.5, 5.4), there were no significant changes in obesity prevalence. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese adolescents was around 20% between 1998 and 2014. The extent of overweight and obesity seems to have stabilized over time.
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Geiker NRW, Astrup A, Hjorth MF, Sjödin A, Pijls L, Markus CR. Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight gain, abdominal obesity and weight loss interventions and vice versa? Obes Rev 2018; 19:81-97. [PMID: 28849612 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have reported only weak associations between the intakes of specific foods or drinks and weight gain and obesity. Randomized controlled dietary intervention trials have only shown very modest effects of changes in nutrient intake and diet composition on body weight in obese subjects. This review summarizes the scientific evidence on the role mental stress (either in or not in association with impaired sleep) may play in poor sleep, enhanced appetite, cravings and decreased motivation for physical activity. All these factors contribute to weight gain and obesity, possibly via decreasing the efficacy of weight loss interventions. We also review evidence for the role that lifestyle and stress management may play in achieving weight loss in stress-vulnerable individuals with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R W Geiker
- Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M F Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Pijls
- Loekintofood-gcv/scs, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Rob Markus
- Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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de Ruiter I, Olmedo-Requena R, Sánchez-Cruz JJ, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Tendencia de la obesidad infantil y el bajo peso por año de nacimiento y edad en España, 1983-2011. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ulijaszek SJ, Pentecost M, Marcus C, Karpe F, Frühbeck G, Nowicka P. Inequality and childhood overweight and obesity: a commentary. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:195-202. [PMID: 26990034 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Statements on childhood overweight and obesity (COO) have focused on different avenues for prevention and treatment, critical stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy and lactation, individual, family, school and community-based interventions, multidisciplinary family programmes and multicomponent interventions. This commentary is concerned with the less-addressed relationship between COO and inequality. It describes current global patterns of inequality and COO and the ways in which those inequalities are linked to COO at micro-level, meso-level and macro-level. It then describes current programmatic approaches for COO inequality, preventive and medical, and considers important pitfalls in the framing of the problem of COO and inequality. It ends with describing how childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity prevention and treatment programmes might be formulated within broader socio-political frameworks to influence outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Ulijaszek
- School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Pentecost
- School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Marcus
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, CIBEROBN, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Nowicka
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Vinding RK, Sejersen TS, Chawes BL, Bønnelykke K, Buhl T, Bisgaard H, Stokholm J. Cesarean Delivery and Body Mass Index at 6 Months and Into Childhood. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-4066. [PMID: 28814549 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prevalence of cesarean delivery (CD) is rising worldwide, and so is childhood obesity. Studies have shown associations between these factors. We examined the development of BMI from birth through childhood to determine whether CDs were associated with differences in growth and obesity. METHODS Term children from the birth cohorts Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000) and COPSAC2010 were included. Height, length, and weight measurements were collected prospectively until 5 years in COPSAC2010 and until 13 years in COPSAC2000. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed at 3.5 and 7 years. Information on relevant covariates were verified during clinical visits. Analyses were adjusted for covariates associating with CD. RESULTS In COPSAC2010, 20% (N = 138/673) of the children were delivered by CD; 49% were girls. In COPSAC2000, 19% (N = 76/393) were delivered by CD; 51% were girls. Children delivered by CD had a higher mean BMI at 6 months compared with those delivered vaginally: COPSAC2010 β-coefficient, .41 (95% confidence interval [CI], .12 to .69), P = .01; COPSAC2000 β-coefficient, .16 (95% CI, -.11 to .68), P = .16; and meta-analysis β-coefficient, .37 (95% CI, .14 to .60), P = .002. There were no differences in BMI trajectory between the 2 groups by 5 and 13 years, nor cross-sectional BMI at 5 and 13 years, nor in fat percentages from DXA scans. CONCLUSIONS Children delivered by CD had a higher BMI at 6 months of age, but this difference did not track into later childhood. Our study does not support the hypothesis that CD leads to later overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kofod Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark; and
| | - Tobias Steen Sejersen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark; and
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thora Buhl
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark; and
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Nielsen TRH, Lausten-Thomsen U, Fonvig CE, Bøjsøe C, Pedersen L, Bratholm PS, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Holm JC. Dyslipidemia and reference values for fasting plasma lipid concentrations in Danish/North-European White children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:116. [PMID: 28454530 PMCID: PMC5410076 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is reported in 27 − 43% of children and adolescents with overweight/obesity and tracks into adulthood, increasing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Cut-off values for fasting plasma lipid concentrations are typically set at fixed levels throughout childhood. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to generate fasting plasma lipid references for a Danish/North-European White population-based cohort of children and adolescents, and investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in this cohort as well as in a cohort with overweight/obesity. Methods A population-based cohort of 2141 (1275 girls) children and adolescents aged 6 − 19 (median 11.5) years was recruited from 11 municipalities in Denmark. Additionally, a cohort of children and adolescents of 1421 (774 girls) with overweight/obesity aged 6 − 19 years (median 11.8) was recruited for the study. Height, weight, and fasting plasma lipid concentrations were measured on all participants. Smoothed reference curves and percentiles were generated using the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape package in the statistical software R. Results In the population-based cohort, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (P < 0.005), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (P < 0.005) were higher in the youngest compared to the oldest tertile. Fasting plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.005) increased with age in both sexes. In boys, non-HDL was lower in the oldest compared to the youngest tertile (P < 0.0005). Concentrations of TC, LDL, non-HDL, and TG were higher (P < 0.05), and HDL lower (P < 0.05) in the cohort with overweight/obesity in both sexes and for all ages except for TC in the youngest girls. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 6.4% in the population-based cohort and 28.0% in the cohort with overweight/obesity. The odds ratio for exhibiting dyslipidemia in the cohort with overweight/obesity compared with the population-based cohort was 6.2 (95% CI: 4.9 − 8.1, P < 2*10−16). Conclusion Fasting plasma lipid concentrations change during childhood and adolescence and differ with sex and age. Children and adolescents with obesity have increased concentrations of circulating lipids and exhibit an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia. Trial registration The study is part of The Danish Childhood Obesity Biobank; ClinicalTrials.gov ID-no.: NCT00928473 retrospectively registered on June 25th 2009. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0868-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Ruest Haarmark Nielsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Smedelundsgade 60, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Smedelundsgade 60, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius Esmann Fonvig
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Smedelundsgade 60, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Bøjsøe
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Smedelundsgade 60, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Palle Skov Bratholm
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Smedelundsgade 60, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jones RE, Jewell J, Saksena R, Ramos Salas X, Breda J. Overweight and Obesity in Children under 5 Years: Surveillance Opportunities and Challenges for the WHO European Region. Front Public Health 2017; 5:58. [PMID: 28451584 PMCID: PMC5389968 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many children who have overweight or obesity before puberty can develop obesity in early adulthood, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The preschool years (ages 0–5) represents a point of opportunity for children to be active, develop healthy eating habits, and maintain healthy growth. Surveillance of childhood overweight and obesity in this age group can help inform future policies and interventions. Objective To review and report available prevalence data in WHO European Region Member States and determine how many countries can accurately report on rates of overweight and obesity in children under 5 years. Methods We conducted a rapid review of studies reporting on overweight and obesity prevalence in children ages 0–5 in the WHO European region member states from 1998 to 2015. Results Currently, 35 of the 53 member states have data providing prevalence rates for overweight and obesity for children under 5 years. There was little consistency in study methods, impacting comparability across countries. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under 5 years ranges from 1 to 28.6% across member states. Conclusion Although measuring overweight and obesity in this age group may be challenging, there is an opportunity to leverage existing surveillance resources in the WHO European Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Jones
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jo Jewell
- Department of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, European Region of World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ximena Ramos Salas
- Department of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, European Region of World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - João Breda
- Department of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, European Region of World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hernández-Cordero S, Cuevas-Nasu L, Morán-Ruán MC, Méndez-Gómez Humarán I, Ávila-Arcos MA, Rivera-Dommarco JA. Overweight and obesity in Mexican children and adolescents during the last 25 years. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e247. [PMID: 28287630 PMCID: PMC5380891 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to provide current estimates of the prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity (OW+OB) in Mexican children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS Body mass index objectively measured was analyzed for 37 147 children and adolescents aged 0-19 years obtained in 2012 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2012), a nationally representative sample of the Mexican population. In addition, data from previous National Nutrition Surveys obtained in 1988, 1999 and 2006 were compared with analyze trends over a 24-year period (1988-2012) for children <5 years of age and adolescents and over a 13-year period (1999-2012) for school-age children. World Health Organization Child Growth Standard was used to define OW+OB. RESULTS In 2012, 33.5% of children <5 years of age (both sexes) were at risk of overweight or were overweight (OW); 32% and 36.9% of girls and boys 5-11 years of age were OW+OB, respectively, and 35.8% and 34.1% of female and male adolescents were OW+OB, respectively. Statistically significant trends were documented for all age groups during the study period. Overall change in the combined prevalence in preschool children was 6.3±1.0 percentage points (pp; P<0.001; 0.26 pp per year) in the last 24 years, showing the highest increase between 1988 and 1999, whereas for school-age girls (from 1999 to 2012) and adolescent females (from 1988 to 2012), OW+OB increased across all periods at a declining trend, with an overall change of 0.5 and 1.0 pp per year, respectively. Changes in the prevalence of OW+OB were highest among children and adolescents in the lowest quintile of the household living condition index. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of OW+OB among children and adolescents increased significantly during the last 13-24 years. The rate of increase has declined in the last 6 years in all age groups. Changes in prevalence of OW+OB presented here suggest that, in Mexico, the burden of obesity is shifting toward the groups with lower socioeconomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hernández-Cordero
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - L Cuevas-Nasu
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - M C Morán-Ruán
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - I Méndez-Gómez Humarán
- Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas A.C., Unidad Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - M A Ávila-Arcos
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J A Rivera-Dommarco
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Händel MN, Frederiksen P, Osmond C, Cooper C, Abrahamsen B, Heitmann BL. Prenatal exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and risk of fractures in late childhood: period and cohort results from 222 000 subjects in the D-tect observational study. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:872-881. [PMID: 28393739 PMCID: PMC5426325 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal low vitamin D may have consequences for bone health. By means of a nationwide mandatory vitamin D fortification programme, we examined the risk of fractures among 10-18-year-old children from proximate birth cohorts born around the date of the termination of the programme. For all subjects born in Denmark during 1983-1988, civil registration numbers were linked to the Danish National Patient Registry for incident and recurrent fractures occurring at ages 10-18 years. Multiplicative Poisson models were used to examine the association between birth cohort and fracture rates. The variation in fracture rates across birth cohorts was analysed by fitting an age-cohort model to the data. We addressed the potential modification of the effect of vitamin D availability by season of birth. The risk of fractures was increased among both girls and boys who were born before the vitamin D fortification terminated in 1985 (rate ratio (RR) exposed v. non-exposed girls: 1·15 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·20); RR exposed v. non-exposed boys: 1·11 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·14). However, these associations no longer persisted after including the period effects. There was no interaction between season of birth and vitamin D availability in relation to fracture risk. The study did not provide evidence that prenatal exposure to extra vitamin D from a mandatory fortification programme of 1·25 µg vitamin D/100 g margarine was sufficient to influence the risk of fractures in late childhood, regardless of season of birth. Replication studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nicole Händel
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient Data
Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital,
University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense
C, Denmark
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and
Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute and the Institute of
Preventive Medicine, 2000 Frederiksberg,
Denmark
| | - Peder Frederiksen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and
Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute and the Institute of
Preventive Medicine, 2000 Frederiksberg,
Denmark
| | - Clive Osmond
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit,
University of Southampton, Southampton SO16
6YD, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit,
University of Southampton, Southampton SO16
6YD, UK
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient Data
Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital,
University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense
C, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital,
DK-4300 Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and
Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute and the Institute of
Preventive Medicine, 2000 Frederiksberg,
Denmark
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public
Health, Copenhagen University, Øster Farimagsgade 5, opg. Q,
1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- The Boden Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of
Sydney, D17, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown NSW 2006,
Sydney, Australia
- National Institute of Public Health, University of
Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2. 1353 Copenhagen
K, Denmark
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de Ruiter I, Olmedo-Requena R, Sánchez-Cruz JJ, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Trends in Child Obesity and Underweight in Spain by Birth Year and Age, 1983 to 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:646-655. [PMID: 28153550 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The prevalences of child obesity and overweight are increasing worldwide and are a significant public health issue, particularly in terms of long-term cardiovascular risk profiles, which continue into adulthood unless obesity is reversed. Accurately identifying trends and at-risk subgroups is crucial to correctly target public health initiatives. The objective of this study was to examine changes in the prevalences of child obesity and underweight in Spain from 1983 to 2011 taking into consideration both age and birth year. METHODS A series of cross-sectional studies representative of the pediatric population in Spain between 1987 and 2011 was used to calculate the prevalence and trends of excess weight and underweight in girls and boys aged 2 to 14 years per survey year and per birth year. RESULTS The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity remained relatively stable. The prevalence of overweight in boys aged 10 to 14 years increased from 13.9% to 22.2%. The prevalence of obesity in girls aged 2 to 5 years decreased from 30% to 19.8%, whereas the prevalence of underweight in this group increased from 13.7% to 22.6%. CONCLUSIONS Child obesity trends in Spain over the last 2 decades appear to be stable with some fluctuations, but the trends differ depending on age and sex, and have stabilized at too high a level. The prevalence of underweight also appears to have increased and should be considered alongside excess weight when designing and implementing child health and weight measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Ruiter
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Sánchez-Cruz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Morgen CS, Andersen PK, Mortensen LH, Howe LD, Rasmussen M, Due P, Sørensen TIA, Andersen AMN. Socioeconomic disparities in birth weight and body mass index during infancy through age 7 years: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e011781. [PMID: 28110282 PMCID: PMC5253532 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in birth weight and in body mass index (BMI) later in childhood are in opposite directions, which raises questions about when during childhood the change in direction happens. We examined how maternal and paternal education and household income were associated with birthweight z-scores and with BMI z-scores at age 5 and 12 months and 7 years, and we examined the socioeconomic differences in the tracking of these z-scores across infancy and childhood. METHODS The associations were studied in a cohort of children in the Danish National Birth Cohort, single born between 1997 and 2003, for whom information on body size from at least 1 of 4 time points (n=85 062) was recorded. We examined the associations using linear mixed-effects modelling. RESULTS Children from families with a low maternal and paternal educational level changed their body size z-scores upwards between birth and age 7 years. At age 5 and 12 months, there were no educational gradient. A low maternal educational level was associated with lower birth weight for gestational age z-scores at birth for boys (-0.199; 95% CI -0.230 to -0.169) and girls (-0.198; 95% CI -0.229 to -0.167) and higher BMI z-scores at age 7 for boys (0.198; 95% CI 0.154 to 0.242) and girls (0.218; 95% CI 0.173 to 0.264). There was not a similarly clear pattern in the tracking between different household income groups. However, a low household income level was associated with higher z-scores of both birth weight and BMI at age 7 years, but with a much weaker gradient at 5 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS The educational gradient shifts from positive with birth weight, to none during infancy to inverse with BMI at age 7 years. In contrast, the income gradient was positive at birth and at 7 years and much weaker during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Schmidt Morgen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Kragh Andersen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust Hvas Mortensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, The University of Bristol, and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Pernille Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, The University of Bristol, and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight and normal weight in French youth from 2009 to 2013. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:959-964. [PMID: 28027718 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016003244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in French youth from 2009 to 2013 and to determine if there are differences in weight categories according to socio-economic status. DESIGN Cross-sectional study performed in different regions of France. Physical measures included weight, height and BMI. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined according to age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points from the International Obesity Task Force. SETTING France. SUBJECTS Children and adolescents (n 9670; 4836 boys, 4834 girls) from the French national BOUGE Program between 2009 and 2013. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys than girls (P0·05) and remained unchanged in boys (7·1-7·3 %) between 2009 and 2013. Overweight and obesity were higher in low socio-economic families (P<0·0001). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the prevalence of overweight was stable although high in French children and adolescents, while the prevalence of obesity increased significantly. Changes in underweight, although not significant, were high in girls and merit further attention. Improving public health interventions, especially in high-risk low socio-economic populations, may help to modify the behaviour that contributes to underweight, overweight and obesity in young boys and girls.
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40
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Ditlevsen K, Nielsen A. Setting limits in uneasy times – healthy diets in underprivileged families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-07-2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge on barriers to preventive action on early childhood overweight in non-western migrant families. It investigates the underlying understandings of the parental role in relation to weight control present in health-care professionals and in families.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on qualitative interviews with parents who are engaged in interventions aimed at helping them and their children to adopt a healthier life style, and on interviews with health-care professionals.
Findings
This study shows that the participating parents, all low SES and living under different forms of insecurity, perceived their parental task for the present as creating well-being for their children, and they were, therefore, reluctant to enforce dietary changes. The health-care professionals, in contrast, considered the need for change through a perspective on future risks.
Research limitations/implications
The results are based on a rather small sample and the link between insecurity, family dynamics and health practice needs further research.
Originality/value
The participating parents represented a group that is rarely included in scientific research and the study, therefore, contributes valuable knowledge on health behavior in ethnic minority families. The empirical analysis provides new insights for health professionals regarding the suitability of the universal model of parental feeding styles. It illuminates the implications of implicitly applying this model in health interventions which involve vulnerable categories of parents such as refugees to western societies.
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Rischel HE, Nielsen LA, Gamborg M, Møller P, Holm JC. Comparison of sensory-specific satiety between normal weight and overweight children. Appetite 2016; 107:486-493. [PMID: 27593452 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensory properties of some foods may be of importance to energy consumption and thus the development and maintenance of childhood obesity. This study compares selected food related qualities in overweight and normal weight children. Ninety-two participants were included; 55 were overweight with a mean age of 11.6 years (range 6-18 years) and a mean BMI z-score of 2.71 (range 1.29-4.60). The 37 normal weight children had a mean age of 13.0 years (range 6-19 years) and a mean BMI z-score of 0.16 (range -1.71 to 1.24). All children completed a half-hour long meal test consisting of alternation between consumption of foods and answering of questionnaires. Compared to the normal weight, the overweight children displayed lower self-reported intake paces (χ2(2) = 6.3, p = 0.04), higher changes in liking for mozzarella (F(1,63) = 9.55, p = 0.003) and pretzels (F(1,87) = 5.27, p = 0.024), and declines in wanting for something fat, of which the normal weight children displayed an increase (F(1,83) = 4,10, p = 0.046). No differences were found for sensory-specific satiety, wanting for the main food yoghurt, hunger, or satiety. In conclusion, overweight children did not differ from normal weight children in terms of sensory-specific satiety, hunger, or satiety. However, overweight children had lower intake paces and appeared to differ from normal weight children regarding foods with a fatty taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Egebjerg Rischel
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK-4300, Holbæk, Denmark.
| | - Louise Aas Nielsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK-4300, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Michael Gamborg
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, DK-2000, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Møller
- Department of Food Science/Design and Consumer Behaviour, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK-4300, Holbæk, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Trier C, Fonvig CE, Bøjsøe C, Mollerup PM, Gamborg M, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC. No influence of sugar, snacks and fast food intake on the degree of obesity or treatment effect in childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:506-512. [PMID: 26909660 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased consumption of sweetened beverages has previously been linked to the degree of childhood obesity. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess whether the intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks or fast food at baseline in a multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment program was associated with the baseline degree of obesity or the treatment effect. METHODS This prospective study included 1349 overweight and obese children (body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) ≥ 1.64) enrolled in treatment at The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek. The children were evaluated at baseline and after up to 5.9 years of treatment (median 1.3 years). RESULTS Both boys and girls decreased their BMI SDS during treatment with a mean decrease in boys of 0.35 (p < 0.0001) and in girls of 0.22 (p < 0.0001) after 1 year of treatment. There were no associations between the baseline intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks, and/or fast food and BMI SDS at baseline or the change in BMI SDS during treatment. CONCLUSIONS The intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks or fast food when entering a childhood obesity treatment program was not associated with the degree of obesity at baseline or the degree of weight loss during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trier
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C E Fonvig
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Bøjsøe
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - P M Mollerup
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - M Gamborg
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J-C Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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[Settings-based prevention of overweight in childhood and adolescents : Theoretical foundation, determinants and intervention planning]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1394-1404. [PMID: 27695936 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood and adolescent overweight can still be seen as a global public health problem. Based on our socioeconomic understanding, overweight is the result of a complex interplay of a diverse array of factors acting on different levels. Hence, in addition to individual level determinants overweight prevention should also address environmental related factors as part of a holistic and integrated setting approach. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to discuss the setting approach with regard to overweight prevention in childhood and adolescence. In addition to a summary of environmental factors and their empirical influence on the determinants of overweight, theoretical approaches and planning models of settings-based overweight prevention are discussed. RESULTS While settings can be characterized as specific social-spatial subsystems (e. g. kindergarten, schools), living environments relate to complex subject-oriented environments that may include various subsystems. Direct social contexts, educational contexts and community contexts as relevant systems for young people contain different evidence-based influences that need to be taken into account in settings based overweight prevention. To support a theory-driven intervention, numerous planning models exist, which are presented here. DISCUSSION Given the strengthening of environments for health within the prevention law, the underlying settings approach also needs further development with regard to overweigth prevention. This includes the improvement of the theoretical foundation by aligning intervention practice of planning models, which also has a positive influence on the ability to measure its success.
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Ho NTVS, Olds T, Schranz N, Maher C. Secular trends in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity across Australian states: A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 20:480-488. [PMID: 27825550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe secular trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children in each state and territory. DESIGN Systematic search and numerical meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to identify all sources that objectively measured the height and weight of Australian children (aged 2-18 years) and had a sample size of at least 300. Raw and summary data were requested from authors and divided into age×sex×state×yearly slices to derive estimates of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Following a double arcsine transformation to facilitate meta-analysis, all estimates were standardised for age, stratified by sex and analysed using sample-weighted non-linear regressions. RESULTS The systematic search identified 73 eligible sources (47 raw and 26 summary datasets), with 72.8% of data sourced from Victoria and South Australia. Prevalence trends varied from state to state, with three states or territories showing a marked plateau, two showing a decline in the more recent years and three showing continued linear increases. Tasmania and Northern Territory generally had the highest prevalence (30.2% and 24.3% overweight and obesity respectively), and the Australian Capital Territory had the lowest (12.4% overweight and obesity). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence, as well as prevalence trends, varied amongst Australian states and territories. At a national level, the prevalence trend has nearly plateaued for the past 15 years. However, upward prevalence trends appear to be persisting in Western Australia, South Australia and Tasmania. Findings highlight the need for ongoing efforts to address the issue of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research for Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Schranz
- Alliance for Research for Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research for Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
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de Munter JS, Friedl A, Lind S, Kark M, Carlberg M, Andersson N, Georgellis A, Rasmussen F. Stability in the prevalence of Swedish children who were overweight or obese in 2003 and 2011. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:1173-80. [PMID: 26833765 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to explore the prevalence and determinants of overweight including obesity among children in Sweden in 2003 and 2011. METHODS Two population-based cross-sectional surveys included 7728 and 12 882 12-year-old children in Sweden, and 1198 and 2699 eight-year-old children in Stockholm County, in 2003 and 2011. Weighted prevalence of overweight including obesity and multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. RESULTS In 2011, the overweight prevalence was lower for 12-year-old girls than boys (RR=0.84, CI=0.77-0.92), lower for girls and boys with a higher rather than a lower educated mother (for example, RRgirls =0.76, CI=0.65-0.88), but higher for girls and boys in smaller rather than main cities (RRgirls =1.52, CI=1.28-1.82). There was no difference in overweight prevalence between 2003 and 2011 among the 12-year-old children. However, eight-year-old girls had a lower overweight prevalence in 2011 than in 2003 (RR=0.76, CI=0.59-0.97). The strongest decrease in overweight was among eight-year-old girls with mothers with lower levels of education (RR=0.63, CI=0.47-0.86). CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight including obesity was stable among Swedish children between 2003 and 2011. Gradients in the determinants of overweight persisted. There was some evidence of a less steep socio-economic gradient in overweight in eight-year-old girls over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S. de Munter
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology; Department of Public Health Sciences; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Andrea Friedl
- Child and Adolescent Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine; Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Simon Lind
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology; Department of Public Health Sciences; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Malin Kark
- Public Health Agency of Sweden; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magdalena Carlberg
- Child and Adolescent Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine; Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Antonis Georgellis
- Unit of Environmental Medicine; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology; Department of Public Health Sciences; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine; Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
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Modelling obesity trends in Australia: unravelling the past and predicting the future. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:178-185. [PMID: 27671035 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Modelling is increasingly being used to predict the epidemiology of obesity progression and its consequences. The aims of this study were: (a) to present and validate a model for prediction of obesity among Australian adults and (b) to use the model to project the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity by 2025. SUBJECTS/METHODS Individual level simulation combined with survey estimation techniques to model changing population body mass index (BMI) distribution over time. The model input population was derived from a nationally representative survey in 1995, representing over 12 million adults. Simulations were run for 30 years. The model was validated retrospectively and then used to predict obesity and severe obesity by 2025 among different aged cohorts and at a whole population level. RESULTS The changing BMI distribution over time was well predicted by the model and projected prevalence of weight status groups agreed with population level data in 2008, 2012 and 2014.The model predicts more growth in obesity among younger than older adult cohorts. Projections at a whole population level, were that healthy weight will decline, overweight will remain steady, but obesity and severe obesity prevalence will continue to increase beyond 2016. Adult obesity prevalence was projected to increase from 19% in 1995 to 35% by 2025. Severe obesity (BMI>35), which was only around 5% in 1995, was projected to be 13% by 2025, two to three times the 1995 levels. CONCLUSIONS The projected rise in obesity severe obesity will have more substantial cost and healthcare system implications than in previous decades. Having a robust epidemiological model is key to predicting these long-term costs and health outcomes into the future.
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Rodd C, Sharma AK. Recent trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children. CMAJ 2016; 188:E313-E320. [PMID: 27160875 PMCID: PMC5026530 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.150854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children from 23.3% to 34.7% during 1978-2004. We examined the most recent trends by applying current definitions of overweight and obesity based on World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) thresholds and recently validated norms for waist circumference and waist:height ratio. METHODS We examined directly measured height and weight data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2004-2005) and the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009-2013). We calculated z scores for BMI, height and weight based on the 2014 WHO growth charts for Canada, including the new extension of weight-for-age beyond 10 years. To calculate z scores for waist circumference and waist:height ratios, we used new charts from the reference population in the US NHANES III (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994). RESULTS Data were available for 14 014 children aged 3-19 years for the period 2004-2013. We observed a decline in the prevalence of overweight or obesity, from 30.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.7% to 31.6%) to 27.0% (95% CI 25.3% to 28.7%) (p < 0.001) and stabilization in the prevalence of obesity at about 13%. These trends persisted after we adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity. Although they declined, the median z scores for BMI, weight and height were positive and higher than those in the WHO reference population. The z scores for waist circumference and waist:height ratio were negative, which indicated that the Canadian children had less central adiposity than American children in historic or contemporary NHANES cohorts. INTERPRETATION After a period of dramatic growth, BMI z scores and the prevalence of overweight or obesity among Canadian children decreased from 2004 to 2013, which attests to progress against this important public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (Rodd, Sharma); Centre for Healthcare Innovation (Sharma); Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Rodd, Sharma), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
| | - Atul K Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (Rodd, Sharma); Centre for Healthcare Innovation (Sharma); Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Rodd, Sharma), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
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Nissen A, Fonvig CE, Chabanova E, Bøjsøe C, Trier C, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Thomsen HS, Holm JC. 1H-MRS measured ectopic fat in liver and muscle is associated with the metabolic syndrome in Danish girls but not in boys with overweight and obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:376-384. [PMID: 28090342 PMCID: PMC5192542 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complication to overweight and obesity, which can be observed already in childhood. Ectopic lipid accumulation in muscle and liver has been shown to associate with the development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Thus, the interaction between MetS and ectopic fat may offer clinical relevance. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of MetS, or components hereof, and ectopic fat accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle tissue in children, as well as interactions between these. Methods Two‐hundred‐and‐sixteen children and adolescents (95 boys) with overweight/obesity were investigated, as well as 47 controls (22 boys) with normal weight. The assessments included anthropometry, fasting blood biochemistry and blood pressure measurements. Liver and muscle lipid contents were assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results We observed an odds ratio in girls with overweight/obesity of 12.2 (95% confidence interval: [3.8; 49.0]) for exhibiting MetS when hepatic steatosis was present, whereas no association was observed in boys with overweight/obesity (odds ratio 0.7 [0.2; 2.7]). The odds ratio of exhibiting MetS in the presence of muscular steatosis was 3.5 [1.4; 9.5] in girls with overweight/obesity and 1.0 [0.2; 5.6] in boys with overweight/obesity. Similar results were seen for girls with overweight/obesity exhibiting concurrent hepatic and muscular steatoses. Conclusion Hepatic and muscular steatoses were associated with MetS among girls, but not among boys with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nissen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk Holbæk Denmark
| | - C E Fonvig
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk Holbæk Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of @Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - E Chabanova
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Herlev Denmark
| | - C Bøjsøe
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk Holbæk Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of @Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - C Trier
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk Holbæk Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of @Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - O Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of @Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of @Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - H S Thomsen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Herlev Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - J-C Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk Holbæk Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of @Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
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Pedersen DC, Aarestrup J, Pearson S, Baker JL. Ethnic Inequalities in Overweight and Obesity Prevalence among Copenhagen Schoolchildren from 2002 to 2007. Obes Facts 2016; 9:284-95. [PMID: 27577690 PMCID: PMC5644825 DOI: 10.1159/000446482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stabilization in levels of childhood overweight has masked increasing gaps among different ethnic and socioeconomic groups in several countries. OBJECTIVE To examine if levels and trends in childhood overweight and obesity differed by ethnicity and socioeconomic areas in Copenhagen schoolchildren. METHODS From measured heights and weights of 32,951 children 5-8 and 14-16 years of age, the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity were estimated using International Obesity Task Force criteria. Differences in prevalence levels and trends across six school years by ethnicity and socioeconomic areas were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight significantly decreased from 2002 to 2007 among the youngest Western girls and boys, showed no significant changes among the oldest non-Western girls and increased among the oldest non-Western boys. In all years, the youngest non-Western children had significantly higher levels of overweight than Western children. Although the prevalence of overweight tended to be higher in low socioeconomic areas as compared with high socioeconomic areas, few differences were statistically significant. Consistent trends in overweight across the years by socioeconomic area were not observed. CONCLUSION Ethnic and social inequalities exist in childhood overweight among Copenhagen schoolchildren; thus appropriate interventions targeting high-risk groups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Aarestrup
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seija Pearson
- Pediatric Practice for Children and Adolescents, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Lyn Baker
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Dr. Jennifer L. Baker, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, 1st floor, 2000 Copenhagen/Frederiksberg, Denmark,
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Ditlevsen K, Reventlow S, Nielsen A. From policy to reality: early overweight, structural barriers, and the allocation of responsibility in the Danish health care system. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2015.1123810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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