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Tan TW, Tan HL, Hsu MF, Huang HL, Chung YC. Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on the prevention of sarcopenia in menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:606. [PMID: 37964288 PMCID: PMC10647115 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a chronic disease marked by gradual muscle system and functional decline. Prior research indicates its prevalence in those under 60 varies from 8 to 36%. There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sarcopenia prevention in menopausal women aged 40-60. This study examines the influence of such interventions for sarcopenia prevention on these women. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PEDro, and Airiti Library were searched from inception until May 5, 2023. Randomized controlled trials that examined exercise, vitamin D and protein supplementation effects on muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Quality assessment used the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and analysis employed Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0. RESULTS A total of 27 randomized controlled trials, involving 1,989 participants were identified. Meta-analysis results showed exercise improved lean body mass (SMD = 0.232, 95% CI: 0.097, 0.366), handgrip strength (SMD = 0.901, 95% CI: 0.362, 1.441), knee extension strength (SMD = 0.698, 95% CI: 0.384, 1.013). Resistance training had a small effect on lean body mass, longer exercise duration (> 12 weeks) and higher frequency (60-90 min, 3 sessions/week) showed small to moderate effects on lean body mass. Vitamin D supplementation improved handgrip strength (SMD = 0.303, 95% CI: 0.130, 0.476), but not knee extension strength. There was insufficient data to assess the impact of protein supplementation on muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Exercise effectively improves muscle mass, and strength in menopausal women. Resistance training with 3 sessions per week, lasting 20-90 min for at least 6 weeks, is most effective. Vitamin D supplementation enhances small muscle group strength. Further trials are needed to assess the effects of vitamin D and protein supplementation on sarcopenia prevention. REGISTRATION NUMBER This review was registered on PROSPERO CRD42022329273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wan Tan
- Department of Nursing, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ling Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min-Fang Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Healthcare Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Chung
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Matkovic V, Goel P, Mobley SL, Badenhop-Stevens NE, Ha EJ, Li B, Skugor M, Clairmont A. Decreased bone mass in adolescents with bone fragility fracture but not in young children: a case-control study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124896. [PMID: 37223040 PMCID: PMC10200873 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of distal forearm fracture due to minimal/moderate trauma shows a bimodal distribution for age at event, with one peak occurring during early adolescence, in both boys and girls and the other one in postmenopausal females. The aim of this study was, therefore, to document whether the relationship between bone mineral density and fracture is different in young children compared with adolescents. Methods A matched-pair, case-control study has been conducted to evaluate bone mineral density in 469 young children and 387 adolescents of both sexes, with/without fracture due to minimal/moderate trauma with assurance that the compared groups were equally susceptible to the outcome event. All fractures were radiographically confirmed. The study utilized bone mineral areal density of the total body, spine, hips, and forearm; volumetric bone mineral density of the forearm; and metacarpal radiogrammetry measurements. The study controlled for skeletal development, bone geometry, body composition, hand grip strength, calcium intake, and vitamin D status. Results Adolescents with distal forearm fracture have reduced bone mineral density at multiple skeletal regions of interest. This was documented by the bone mineral areal density measurements at multiple skeletal sites (p < 0.001), volumetric bone mineral density measurements of the forearm (p < 0.0001), and metacarpal radiogrammetry (p < 0.001). Adolescent females with fracture had reduced cross-sectional areas of the radius and metacarpals. The bone status of young female and male children with fracture was no different to its controls. Increased body fatness was more prevalent among fracture cases than in controls. Around 72% of young female and male children with fracture had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below the threshold of 31 ng/ml, compared with only 42% of female controls and to 51% of male controls. Conclusions Adolescents with bone fragility fracture had reduced bone mineral density at multiple skeletal regions of interest, whereas this was not the case with younger children. The results of the study may have implications for the prevention of bone fragility in this segment of the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Matkovic
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), Medicine, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prem Goel
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), Medicine, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stacey L. Mobley
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nancy E. Badenhop-Stevens
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), Medicine, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eun-Jeong Ha
- Food Sciences and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Mario Skugor
- Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Albert Clairmont
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Evaluation of the Association of VDR rs2228570 Polymorphism with Elite Track and Field Athletes' Competitive Performance. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050681. [PMID: 36900688 PMCID: PMC10001357 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the vitamin D receptor (VDR), rs2228570 polymorphism, and its effect on elite athletes' performance. A total of 60 elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/ physically inactive, aged 18-35, voluntarily participated in the study. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score scale was used to determine the performance levels of the athletes' personal best (PB). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed by the genomic DNA isolated from the peripheral blood of the participants. Sports type, sex, and competitive performance were chosen as the parameters to compare within and between the groups by linear regression models. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the CC, TC, and TT genotypes within and between the groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, our results underlined that there were no statistically significant differences for the association of rs2228570 polymorphism with PBs within the groups of the (p > 0.05) athletes. The genetic profile in the selected gene was similar in elite endurance, sprint athletes, and in controls, suggesting that rs2228570 polymorphism does not determine competitive performance in the analyzed athlete cohort.
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Clinical Trial to Assess Physiology and Activity of Masticatory Muscles of Complete Denture Wearer Following Vitamin D Intervention. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020410. [PMID: 36837611 PMCID: PMC9961876 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Little information is available on the role of Vitamin D as a micro-nutrient deficiency with masticatory muscle efficiency and its effect on the function of removable prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vitamin D on masticatory muscle activity among completely edentulous patients and its effect on the retention of removable complete dentures (RCDs). Materials and Methods: A non-randomized clinical control trial was conducted on completely edentulous patients (60.53 ± 7.01 years) in the Indian population between 2017 and 2019. Subjects were evaluated for temporomandibular disorders according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Serum Vitamin D (S Vit D) levels, Ultrasonography (USG), and surface Electromyography (sEMG) readings of the masseter muscle were recorded at enrolment (Level 0), after 3 months of Vitamin D therapy (Level 3), and after consecutive 3 months of maintenance therapy, i.e., after 6 months from baseline (Level 6). The fabrication of new RCDs was done for all after the enrolment, and the retention of RCDs was assessed by asking a question regarding denture retention and asking respondents to mark their satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using ANOVA, Paired'-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. A p-value less than 0.05 indicated a statistically significant association. Results: Between enrolment and a six-month follow-up, S Vit D levels showed an increase from 16.03 ± 5.68 ng/mL to 31.35 ± 9.28 ng/mL, showing an increase of 15.32 ± 9.38 ng/mL (95.57% rise). Statistically significant values were observed for USG and sEMG. Conclusions: Results showed that S Vit D affects masticatory muscle activity by improving its thickness and boosting its tonicity. Healthy muscles assist in the retention of RCDs, consequently aiding in mastication, speech, and phonetics, hence improving patient satisfaction. Clinical implication: Acknowledging the fact that the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is worldwide. We suggest Vitamin D therapy as a nutritional intervention among the elderly completely edentulous population, following dietary counselling, and consider Vitamin D therapy to be an adjunct to nutritional counselling for improving masticatory muscle activity and efficiency, which aids in RCD retention and stability. Consequently, improving oral health-related quality of life for individuals.
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Huang L, Ng JWC, Lee JKW. Nutrition Recommendations for Table Tennis Players-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030775. [PMID: 36771479 PMCID: PMC9920626 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Table tennis (TT) is the second most popular racket sport globally and was the sixth most widely played Olympic sport in 2005. It is an indoor racket sport requiring a mixture of power, agility, alertness and fast reactions. Players need to move quickly around a table to receive the ball and produce powerful returns. New rules such as increased ball size and a change in ball material have changed the ball's trajectory, increasing the overall duration and intensity of game play. Scientific research on TT is growing but there has been no systematic review of nutrition for the sport. This review provides nutritional recommendations for TT athletes based on the physiological demands of TT, including energy expenditure during training and competitions, and the main metabolic pathways of TT. Guidelines on the daily intakes of carbohydrate, protein and fat are discussed in addition to hydration strategies. Micronutrients of concern for TT athletes include iron, magnesium and vitamin D and their recommended intakes are also provided. The timing and dose of ergogenic aids that may improve TT performance such as caffeine, creatine, lutein and zeaxanthin and beta-alanine are reviewed. Specific nutritional strategies for intakes leading up to competitions, post training and competition recovery and nutritional strategies for travel are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- Sport Science and Medicine Center, Singapore Sport Institute 3 Stadium Drive, Singapore 397630, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6500-5488
| | - Jeremy W. C. Ng
- High Performance Department, Singapore Table Tennis Association, 297-C Lor 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 319389, Singapore
| | - Jason K. W. Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Schweizer R, Martin DD, Binder G. Increase of jump performance during GH treatment in short children born SGA. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122287. [PMID: 37143735 PMCID: PMC10153665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Short children born small for gestational age (SGA) often have low muscle mass. Studies on maximal isometric grip-force (MIGF) observed lower muscle strength in these children. In contrast to MIGF, jumping is an everyday muscle activity for children. Our hypothesis was that GH treatment would cause an increase in jumping strength. So, we aimed to study jumping by mechanography in short SGA children before and during GH treatment. Methods Monocentric prospective longitudinal study in a tertiary pediatric endocrinology center. We studied 50 prepubertal short children (23 females) born SGA (mean age 7.2 y, height -3.24 SDS) during GH treatment (mean dose 45 µg/kg/d). Main outcome measures were Peak jump force (PJF) and peak jump power (PJP) measured by Leonardo® ground reaction force plate at baseline and after 12 months of GH treatment. Mechanography data were compared to sex, age and height related references (SD-Score). Fitness was estimated as PJP/kg body weight by use of the Esslinger-Fitness-Index (EFI). Results At start of GH treatment PJP/body weight was low at -1.52 SDS and increased significantly to -0.95 SDS during 12 months of treatment (p<0.001). PJF was low-normal compared to height dependent references and remained unchanged. PJP was normal compared to height dependent references and increased only slightly from -0.34 to -0.19 SDSHT. Conclusions Jumping performance (EFI) measured by mechanography increased during one year of GH treatment in short children born SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schweizer
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roland Schweizer,
| | - David D. Martin
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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Nutrition in the prevention and management of sarcopenia - A special focus on Asian Indians. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2022; 8:135-144. [PMID: 36605171 PMCID: PMC9805983 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength, is common in advanced old age but can be accelerated by chronic disease, malnutrition and physical inactivity. Early initiation of intervention to achieve and maintain a higher peak muscle mass and strength may allow for prevention or delay of sarcopenia and facilitate independent living even in old age. In this context, malnutrition, a significant contributor to sarcopenia, is often overlooked among the Indian population. Maintenance of an optimal energy and protein balance with adequate physical activity level is essential to preserve physical function in the aging population. However, research on the role of micronutrients in muscle maintenance, is still in its infancy. This narrative review, therefore, aims to explore the current status of International and Indian research on the role of nutrition in sarcopenia mitigation and the way forward.
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Bahmani E, Hoseini R, Amiri E. The effect of home-based aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 outbreak. Sci Sports 2022; 37:710-719. [PMID: 36119949 PMCID: PMC9464579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Morelli-Batters A, Lamont HC, Elghobashy M, Masood I, Hill LJ. The role of Vitamin D3 in ocular fibrosis and its therapeutic potential for the glaucomatous trabecular meshwork. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:897118. [PMID: 38983544 PMCID: PMC11182265 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.897118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. The most prevalent subtype, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), damage to the optic nerve head and irreversible visual loss. IOP increases aqueous humor (AqH) outflow is reduced through the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC). Increased outflow resistance is partly due to TM/SC dysregulation, including loss of normal trabecular meshwork cell (TMC) function, following increased levels of oxidative stress within TMC, dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling alongside alterations in TMC phenotype and apoptosis. Current widely available POAG treatments do not target the aberrant expression of ECM in the TM directly. As a result, most drug treatments can fail as the underlying pathological process continues unabated. Rho-kinase inhibitors have demonstrated the benefit of restoring TM/SC function, however there is a clear need to develop further treatment strategies that can target the underlying cellular processes which become dysregulated within the TMC during POAG pathogenesis. Vitamin D is suggested to be beneficial in alleviating the symptoms of fibrosis and inflammation in soft tissues. It has important functions in many major organ systems, including regulation of calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone. Evidence suggests that Vitamin D3 modulates ECM turnover through the conventional TGFβ-SMAD signaling, which is associated with the development of POAG. The link between Vitamin D3, inflammation and fibrosis within ocular tissues will be discussed and the potential roles of Vitamin D3 in the management of POAG patients will be explored within this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Morelli-Batters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah C Lamont
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical Engineering, Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mirna Elghobashy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Masood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Kim J, Park J, So WY. Association between Blood Vitamin D Levels and Regular Physical Activity in Korean Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071277. [PMID: 35885804 PMCID: PMC9320294 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and physical activity in adolescents using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). The serum vitamin D concentrations were measured between 2008 and 2014 and analyzed. Adolescents aged 13 to 18 years comprised 4527 of the 61,370 participants surveyed. A final dataset including 2811 adolescents was obtained after those with missing data were excluded. Those who did not participate or only participated in 1−3 days of intense physical activity (p < 0.001), moderate physical activity (p = 0.002), and muscular exercise (weight training) (p < 0.001) showed a higher level of vitamin D deficiency than those who performed the same activities 4−7 days per week. Our results showed that most of the adolescents (76%) were vitamin D-deficient, and the risk was higher among high school than middle school students (odds ratio (OR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40−2.06; p < 0.001) and higher in girls than boys (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.18−1.72; p < 0.001). Reduced participation in physical activity was correlated with vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a lower frequency of participation in all forms of physical activity, and the association increased significantly with an increase in body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Kim
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Jinho Park
- Gachon Biomedical Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (W.-Y.S.); Tel.: +82-10-5797-4492 (J.P.); +82-43-841-5993 (W.-Y.S.); Fax: +82-32-460-3118 (J.P.); +82-43-841-5990 (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sports Medicine Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (W.-Y.S.); Tel.: +82-10-5797-4492 (J.P.); +82-43-841-5993 (W.-Y.S.); Fax: +82-32-460-3118 (J.P.); +82-43-841-5990 (W.-Y.S.)
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Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030042. [PMID: 35892736 PMCID: PMC9326750 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that are risk factors for sarcopenia, and which therefore have a prognostic function. Aim: This narrative review aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition and sarcopenia. These biomarkers could contribute to individualized monitoring and enable preventive and therapeutic methods. Methods: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search strategy was based on a controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and includes studies published up to February 2022. Discussion: Higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with higher handgrip strength and better muscle function in elderly people and, thus, may slow the progression of sarcopenia. Leptin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn lead to sarcopenia. This makes leptin a significant indirect biomarker for physical disability and sarcopenic obesity. Additionally, creatinine is a reliable biomarker for muscle mass status because of its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Vitamin D status acts as a useful biomarker for predicting total mortality, hip fractures, early death, and the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in dietary antioxidants and their effects on age-related losses of muscle mass and function. On the other hand, 3-Methylhistidine is a valuable biomarker for detecting increased muscle catabolism, as it is excreted through urine during muscle degradation. In addition, IGF-1, whose concentration in plasma is stimulated by food intake, is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass, which probably plays a crucial role in the progression of sarcopenia. Conclusions: Many nutritional biomarkers were found to be associated with sarcopenia, and can therefore be used as prognostic indexes and risk factors. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia, affecting muscle mass, strength, and function in elderly people.
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Vitamin D: Before, during and after Pregnancy: Effect on Neonates and Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091900. [PMID: 35565867 PMCID: PMC9105305 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A worldwide high prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency has become of growing concern because of potential adverse effects on human health, including pregnant women and their offsprings. Beyond its classical function as a regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, together with its fundamental role in bone health in every stage of life, its deficiency has been associated to multiple adverse health effects. The classic effects of VD deficiency in pregnancy and neonates have been late hypocalcemia and nutritional rickets. Nevertheless, recent studies have linked VD to fertility and 25(OH)D with several clinical conditions in pregnancy: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, higher incidence of cesarean section and preterm birth, while in infants, the clinical conditions are low birth weight, lower bone mass and possible relationship with the development of such diseases as bronchiolitis, asthma, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and autism included as VD non-classical actions. The supplementation with Vitamin D and achievement of optimal levels reduce maternal-fetal and newborn complications. Supplementation in children with VD deficiency reduces the risk of respiratory infections and possibly autoimmune diseases and autism. This review emphasizes the roles of Vitamin D deficiency and the consequences of intervention from preconception to infancy.
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Blaschek A, Rodrigues M, Rawer R, Müller C, Ille L, Schröder S, Idriess M, Müller-Felber W, Vill K. Jumping Mechanography is a Suitable Complementary Method to Assess Motor Function in Ambulatory Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Neuropediatrics 2021; 52:455-461. [PMID: 33706402 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of clinical trials for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has increased substantially lately, therefore appropriate clinical instruments are needed to measure disease progression and drug efficacy. Jumping mechanography is a medical diagnostic method for motion analysis, which allows to quantify physical parameters. In this study, we compared mechanography with timed function tests (TFTs). METHODS 41 ambulatory DMD patients performed a total of 95 chair rising tests (CRT) and a total of 76 single two-legged jumps (S2LJ) on a mechanography ground reaction force platform. The results were correlated with a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the time required to run 10 meters, stand up from a supine position, and climb four stairs, all performed in the same setting. RESULTS Our measurements show a high correlation between mechanography and the TFTs: S2LJ/10-m run, r = 0.62; CRT/10-m run, r = 0.61; S2LJ/standing up from supine, r = 0.48; CRT/standing up from supine, r = 0.58; S2LJ/climb four stairs, r = 0.55; CRT/climb four stairs, r = 0.51. The correlation between mechanography and the 6MWT was only moderate with r = 0.38 for S2LJ/6MWT and r = 0.39 for CRT/6MWT. INTERPRETATION Jumping mechanography is a reliable additional method, which can be used for physical endpoint measurements in clinical trials. We confirmed our assumption, that the method provides additional information concerning performance at movement with higher power output. We suggest using the S2LJ as a first-choice tandem tool combined with the 6MWT. In patients with higher disability, the CRT is an alternative measuring method, because with the progression of the disease this is longer feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Blaschek
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Rodrigues
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Traumatology, Klinikum Starnberg, Starnberg, Germany
| | | | - Christine Müller
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Ille
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department for Gynaecology, Städtisches Klinikum München Neuperlach, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schröder
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed Idriess
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Müller-Felber
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Vill
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, LMU - University of Munich, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
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14
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Azzolino D, Spolidoro GCI, Saporiti E, Luchetti C, Agostoni C, Cesari M. Musculoskeletal Changes Across the Lifespan: Nutrition and the Life-Course Approach to Prevention. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:697954. [PMID: 34532328 PMCID: PMC8438318 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.697954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of muscle mass and function, the so-called sarcopenia. Also bone loss is widespread among older people. Sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis are associated with several adverse outcomes including falls, risk of fractures, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Recently, the life-course approach to prevent or delay functional decline has become very popular. Regarding musculoskeletal health, there is suggestive evidence that acting during critical or sensitive periods of life in which each person build-up its biological reserves may influence the rate of functional decline in the later stages of life. A life-course approach to musculoskeletal health should take place during early life when plasticity allows more easily the attainment of the peak of the musculoskeletal system driven by environmental stimuli. The rate of the subsequent decline will depend on the peak previously reached. Nutrition and physical exercise are important environmental factors that can influence musculoskeletal development by favoring and maintaining peak bone and muscle mass and strength. Here we provide an overview of body composition changes occurring across the lifespan and strategies based on nutrition and physical exercise to support musculoskeletal health as well as minimizing losses during older life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Azzolino
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Saporiti
- Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Luchetti
- Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
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15
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Ricart B, Monteagudo P, Blasco-Lafarga C. Hypovitaminosis D in Young Basketball Players: Association with Jumping and Hopping Performance Considering Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105446. [PMID: 34069673 PMCID: PMC8160822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify whether a group of young well-trained basketball players presented deficiencies in vitamin D concentration, and to analyze whether there was an association between vitamin D concentration and jumping and hopping performance. Gender differences were considered. Twenty-seven players from an international high-level basketball club (14 female, 16.00 ± 0.55 years; 13 male, 15.54 ± 0.52 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Rate of force development was evaluated by means of the Abalakov test (bilateral: AbB; right leg: AbR; left leg: AbL); and the triple hop test (right leg: THR; left leg: THL). Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and nutritional status. Vitamin D insufficiency was found in both women (29.14 ± 6.08 ng/mL) and men (28.92 ± 6.40 ng/mL), with no gender differences regarding nutritional scores. Jumping and hopping performance was confirmed to be significantly larger in males (AbL, THR, and THL p < 0.005), whose CV% were always smaller. A positive correlation was found between AbB and vitamin D (r = 0.703) in males, whereas this correlation was negative (−0.611) for females, who also presented a negative correlation (r = −0.666) between THR and vitamin D. A prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was confirmed in young elite athletes training indoors. Nutritional (i.e., calciferol) controls should be conducted throughout the season. Furthermore, whilst performance seems to be affected by low levels of this vitamin in men, these deficiencies appear to have a different association with jumping and hopping in women, pointing to different performance mechanisms. Further studies accounting for differences in training and other factors might delve into these gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ricart
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Alqueria LAB, Valencia Basket, 46013 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Pablo Monteagudo
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Education and Specific Didactics Department, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Cristina Blasco-Lafarga
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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16
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Alvero-Cruz JR, Brikis M, Chilibeck P, Frings-Meuthen P, Vico Guzmán JF, Mittag U, Michely S, Mulder E, Tanaka H, Tank J, Rittweger J. Age-Related Decline in Vertical Jumping Performance in Masters Track and Field Athletes: Concomitant Influence of Body Composition. Front Physiol 2021; 12:643649. [PMID: 33868010 PMCID: PMC8047469 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.643649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical jumping power declines with advancing age, which is theoretically explicable by loss of muscle mass and increases in body fat. However, the results of previous cross-sectional studies remain inconsistent on these relationships. The present study included 256 masters athletes who competed at the 2018 track and field world championships in Málaga, Spain. We assessed body composition with bioelectrical impedance (Inbody S10) and vertical jumping power with a Leonardo ground reaction force platform. Relationships between age, jumping power, and body composition were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of each factor on vertical jumping power. Age-related rates of decreases in maximal power and jump height were similar between male and female athletes. Percent fat-free mass and percent body fat were negatively and positively, respectively, associated with age in masters athletes and were comparable to those previously observed in the general population. Moreover, these effects in body composition can, to a great extent, explain the age-related decline in jumping power, an effect that seems at least partly independent of age. Finally, the multiple regression model to determine independent predictors of vertical jump performance yielded an overall R2 value of 0.75 with the inclusion of (1) athletic specialization in power events, (2) percent fat-free mass, and (3) phase angle. However, partial regression yielded significant effects of age, but not gender, on peak power, even when adjusting for athletic specialization, percent fat-free mass, and phase angle. We concluded that loss of skeletal muscle mass and changes in bio-impedance phase angle are important contributors to the age-related reduction in anaerobic power, even in adults who maintain high levels of physical activity into old age. However, age per se remains a significant predictor of vertical jump performance, further demonstrating deteriorated muscle quality at old age (sarcosthenia).
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Alvero-Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mieszko Brikis
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Phil Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jose F Vico Guzmán
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Uwe Mittag
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Michely
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edwin Mulder
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jens Tank
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Seasonal Changes in 25(OH)D Concentration in Young Soccer Players-Implication for Bone Resorption Markers and Physical Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062932. [PMID: 33809324 PMCID: PMC8000093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Searching for potential relations between changes in 25(OH)D concentration and in physical fitness is an interesting scientific topic. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D in young football players in conjunction with indicators determining bone resorption and physical fitness. A total of 35 young soccer players were tested during the autumn competition period. Biochemical analysis of blood, aerobic capacity, running speed and power tests (Wingate test, squat jump, counter movement jump) were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the competition period. Significant decrements in concentration of 25(OH)D from 33.9 ± 5.87 to 23.7 ± 5.58 ng/mL were noted after the analyzed competition period. There were no significant changes in aerobic capacity along the competition period. Significant improvements were observed in 10 m sprint, 30 m sprint (p < 0.001), maximal power (p = 0.011) and total work capacity (p = 0.024). We found that the effect of changes in the players' physical fitness does not occur in relation to 25 OH(D) concentration but occurs when these changes are analyzed as a function of the duration of the observation period. Changes in physical fitness of soccer players are determined by other factors then 25(OH)D concentration.
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18
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Hong N, Siglinsky E, Krueger D, White R, Kim CO, Kim HC, Yeom Y, Binkley N, Rhee Y, Buehring B. Defining an international cut-off of two-legged countermovement jump power for sarcopenia and dysmobility syndrome. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:483-493. [PMID: 32894301 PMCID: PMC7929946 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to establish jump power cut-offs for the composite outcome of either sarcopenia (EWGSOP2) or dysmobility syndrome using Asian and Caucasian cohorts. Estimated cut-offs were sex specific (women: < 19.0 W/kg; men: < 23.8 W/kg) but not ethnicity specific. Jump power has potential to be used in definitions of poor musculoskeletal health. PURPOSE Weight-corrected jump power measured during a countermovement jump may be a useful tool to identify individuals with poor musculoskeletal health, but no cut-off values exist. We aimed to establish jump power cut-offs for detecting individuals with either sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome. METHODS Age- and sex-matched community-dwelling older adults from two cohorts (University of Wisconsin-Madison [UW], Korean Urban Rural Elderly cohort [KURE], 1:2) were analyzed. Jump power cut-offs for the composite outcome of either sarcopenia defined by EWGSOP2 or dysmobility syndrome were determined. RESULTS The UW (n = 95) and KURE (n = 190) cohorts were similar in age (mean 75 years) and sex distribution (68% women). Jump power was similar between KURE and UW women (19.7 vs. 18.6 W/kg, p = 0.096) and slightly higher in KURE than UW in men (26.9 vs. 24.8 W/kg, p = 0.050). In UW and KURE, the prevalence of sarcopenia (7.4% in both), dysmobility syndrome (31.6% and 27.9%), or composite of either sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome (32.6% and 28.4%) were comparable. Low jump power cut-offs for the composite outcome differed by sex but not by ethnicity (< 19.0 W/kg in women; < 23.8 W/kg in men). Low jump power was associated with elevated odds of sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.07), dysmobility syndrome (aOR 4.32), or the composite of sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome (aOR 4.67, p < 0.01 for all) independent of age, sex, height, and ethnicity. CONCLUSION Sex-specific jump power cut-offs were found to detect the presence of either sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome in older adults independent of Asian or Caucasian ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Siglinsky
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Krueger
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - R White
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - C O Kim
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H C Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Yeom
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Y Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - B Buehring
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany.
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19
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Gupta R, Singhal A, Kapoor A, Bohat V, Masih GD, Mehta R. Vitamin D deficiency in athletes and its impact on outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 31:1193-1197. [PMID: 33417046 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide pandemic problem. With vitamin D having some role in exercise-induced inflammation, skeletal muscle mass and endurance, we studied its effect on functional outcome of athletes' post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS A total of 153 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were enrolled in the study. All patients were screened for vitamin D levels preoperatively. Patients were divided into 3 groups on basis of vitamin D levels; Group 1 patients had < 20 ng/ml, group 2 patients 20-30 ng/ml and group 3 > 30 ng/ml. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS A total of 153 patients were enrolled in study. The average age of the patients was 24.12 ± 2.12 years in group 1, 25.24 ± 3.20 years in group 2 and 24.74 ± 2.86 in group 3. The mean follow-up of patients was 2.8 ± 1.2 years. At 2 years, the mean Lysholm score was 96.12, 96.49 and 97.0, respectively (p = 0.75); mean WOMAC score was 3.33, 3.38 and 3.20, respectively (p = 0.91); mean difference between the pre-injury and post-surgery Tegner level of sports activity at 2 years follow-up was 0.78, 0.78 and 0.85, respectively (P = 0.51) and graft failure rate was 5.88%, 1.96% and 1.96%, respectively (p = 0.43). CONCLUSION Vitamin D has no effect on functional outcome and graft rupture rates in patients' post-primary ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prospective Cohort Study (Level III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- Sports Injury Center, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akash Singhal
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vaibhav Bohat
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gladson David Masih
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohil Mehta
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Ammerman BM, Ling D, Callahan LR, Hannafin JA, Goolsby MA. Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency in Young, Female Patients With Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Complaints. Sports Health 2020; 13:173-180. [PMID: 33301353 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120953414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of vitamin D have well-known impacts on bone health, but vitamin D also has a more global role throughout many tissues, including skeletal muscle. The high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the vast physiological features of vitamin D have led researchers to examine the influence of vitamin D on physical performance and injury. Because of the critical role of vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health and function, a high rate of hypovitaminosis D among female patients with a variety of musculoskeletal issues could be of high clinical relevance. HYPOTHESIS There is a high prevalence of low vitamin D in female patients with both acute and overuse sports-related issues of both soft tissue and bone. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Female patients, aged 16 to 40 years, presenting with lower extremity injury diagnosed within the past 4 weeks, no use of multivitamin or vitamin D supplement, and no history of malabsorption syndrome met the inclusion criteria. Vitamin D levels were assessed and categorized as normal (≥32 ng/mL) and low, which includes insufficient (20.01-31.9 ng/mL) and deficient (≤20 ng/mL). RESULTS Of the 105 patients enrolled, 65.7% had low vitamin D. Within the low vitamin D cohort, 40.6% were deficient and 59.4% were insufficient. Injuries were grouped into overuse or acute with 74 overuse injuries and 31 acute injuries, exhibiting low vitamin D prevalence of 60.8% and 77.4%, respectively. Patients with ligamentous/cartilaginous injuries exhibited the highest percentage of low vitamin D (76.5%), followed by those with patellofemoral-related complaints (71.0%), muscle/tendon injuries (54.6%), and bone stress injuries (45.5%). In univariable analysis, older age, non-White race, less physical activity, less high-intensity interval training days, less endurance training days, and more rest days showed an association with low vitamin D, but none showed an independent association in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of low vitamin D in female patients with various musculoskeletal complaints was high. Clinicians should evaluate for low vitamin D in both acute and overuse injuries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In addition to screening, this study suggests that clinicians should evaluate for low vitamin D levels beyond bone stress injuries in the setting of acute and overuse injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne Ling
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Lisa R Callahan
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Women's Sports Medicine Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Jo A Hannafin
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Women's Sports Medicine Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Marci A Goolsby
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Women's Sports Medicine Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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21
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Ribbans WJ, Aujla R, Dalton S, Nunley JA. Vitamin D and the athlete-patient: state of the art. J ISAKOS 2020; 6:46-60. [PMID: 33833045 DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2020-000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common in athletes. The conventional measurement of vitamin D levels provides a general indicator of body stores. However, there are nuances in its interpretation as values of 25(OH)D do not correlate absolutely with the amount of 'bioavailable' vitamin to the cells. Vitamin D should be regarded as a hormone and influences between 5% and 10% of our total genome. Determining the precise effect of the vitamin, isolated from the actions of other cofactors, is not straightforward and restricts our complete understanding of all of its actions. Deficiency has harmful effects on not only bone and muscle but also wider areas, including immunity and respiratory and neurological activities. More caution should be applied regarding the ability of supranormal vitamin D levels to elevate athletic performance. Hopefully, future research will shed more light on optimal levels of vitamin D and supplementation regimes, and improved understanding of its intracellular control of our genetic mechanisms and how extrinsic influences modify its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Ribbans
- Faculty of Health, Education and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, Northamptonshire, UK
| | - Randeep Aujla
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seamus Dalton
- North Sydney Sports Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James A Nunley
- Duke Orthopedics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Thompson MJW, Jones G, Balogun SA, Aitken DA. Skin Photosensitivity is Associated with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and BMD but not Fractures Independent of Melanin Density in Older Caucasian Adults. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:335-344. [PMID: 32696106 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whether skin photosensitivity modulates sun exposure behaviours, consequent vitamin D status and skeletal health outcomes independently of constitutive pigmentation have not been systematically investigated. 1072 community-dwelling adults aged 50-80 years had skin photosensitivity quantified by questionnaire and melanin density by spectrophotometry. Bone mineral density (BMD), falls risk and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were measured using DXA, short form physiological profile assessment and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Sun exposure and symptomatic fractures were assessed by questionnaire. Participants were followed up at 2.5 (n = 879), 5 (n = 767) and 10 (n = 571) years. Higher resistance to sunburn and greater ability to tan were associated with reduced sun protection behaviours (RR 0.87, p < 0.001 & RR 0.88, p < 0.001), higher lifetime discretionary sun exposure in summer (RR 1.05, p = 0.001 & RR 1.07, p = 0.001) and winter (RR 1.07, p = 0.001 & RR 1.08, p = 0.02) and fewer lifetime sunburns (RR 0.86, p < 0.001 & RR 0.91, p = 0.001). Higher resistance to sunburn was associated with lower total body (β = - 0.006, p = 0.047) and femoral neck (β = - 0.006, p = 0.038) BMD, but paradoxically, fewer prevalent fractures (RR 0.94, p = 0.042). Greater ability to tan was associated with higher 25OHD (β = 1.43, p = 0.04), lumbar spine (β = 0.014, p = 0.046) and total body (β = 0.013, p = 0.006) BMD, but not fracture or falls risk. These associations were independent of constitutive melanin density. Cutaneous photosensitivity was associated with sun exposure behaviours, cutaneous sequelae and, consequently, 25OHD and BMD in older Caucasian adults independent of constitutive melanin density. There was no consistent association with fracture outcomes, suggesting environmental factors are at least as important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J W Thompson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - G Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - S A Balogun
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - D A Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
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23
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Yakout SM, Al-Daghri NM, Bukhari I, Khattak MNK, Sabico S, Alokail MS, Al-Attas OS. Vitamin D level and its relation to muscle and fat mass in adult male Arabs. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2452-2456. [PMID: 32884429 PMCID: PMC7451685 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low levels of vitamin D have been linked with increased adiposity and diminished muscle strength. Whether it is also related to fat deposition in muscle tissues is not studied well. This study explored the associations between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and fat deposition in muscle tissues of adult Arab males. A total 465 adult Saudi males were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics, body composition and muscle strength were assessed. Serum 25(OH)D was determined and quantified enzymatically. They were grouped according to vitamin D status: deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) N = 325 (69.9%) and sufficient (25(OH)D > 50 nmol/l)140 (30.1%). Mean level of lean/height2, lean-arm-legs and lean-arms-legs/height2 were significantly higher in 25(OH)D deficient participants (p-values 0.03; 0.05 and 0.01 respectively). Thigh strength was significantly higher in 25(OH)D sufficient participants than their deficient counterparts (p = 0.02). In all participants, a significant correlation between 25(OH)D was observed with age and thigh-strength (p-values < 0.05), while a significant inverse correlation between 25(OH)D and lean/height2, lean-arms-legs, lean-arms-legs/height2, fat (%) region, fat arms, fat legs, fat trunk, lean legs were noted. In conclusion, low circulating 25(OH)D is associated with enhanced fat infiltration in muscle tissues of adult Arab males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhy M Yakout
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Malak N K Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Thompson MJW, Jones G, Balogun S, Aitken DA. Constitutive melanin density is associated with prevalent and short-term, but not long-term, incident fracture risk in older Caucasian adults. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1517-1524. [PMID: 32239236 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Higher cutaneous melanin reduces vitamin D3 production. This may increase fracture risk. We found that cutaneous melanin density was associated with prevalent and short-term, but not long-term, incident fracture risk in older Caucasian adults. Melanin density either acts as a surrogate marker or its relationship with fracture changes with time. INTRODUCTION Higher cutaneous melanin reduces vitamin D3 production. This may impact lifetime vitamin D status and increase fracture risk. This study aimed to describe the relationship between spectrophotometrically determined constitutive melanin density, prevalent and incident fractures in a cohort of exclusively older Caucasian adults. METHODS 1072 community-dwelling adults aged 50-80 years had constitutive melanin density quantified using spectrophotometry. Participants were followed up at 2.5 (n = 879), 5 (n = 767), and 10 (n = 571) years after the baseline assessment. Prevalence and number of symptomatic fractures were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS Higher melanin density was independently associated with greater prevalence of any fracture (RR 1.08, p = 0.03), vertebral fracture (RR 1.41, p = 0.04) and major fracture (RR 1.12, p = 0.04) and the number of fractures (RR 1.09, p = 0.04) and vertebral fractures (RR 1.47, p = 0.04) in cross-sectional analysis. At the 2.5-year follow-up, higher melanin density was associated with incident fractures (RR 1.42, p = 0.01) and major fractures (RR 1.81, p = 0.01) and the number of incident fractures (RR 1.39, p = 0.02) and major fractures (RR 2.14, p = 0.01). The relationship between melanin density and incident fracture attenuated as the duration of follow-up increased and was not significant at the 5- or 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive melanin density was associated with prevalent and short-term, but not long-term, incident fracture risk in older Caucasian adults. This suggests melanin density either acts as a surrogate marker for an unmeasured fracture risk factor or the relationship between melanin density and fracture changes with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J W Thompson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
| | - G Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - S Balogun
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - D A Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
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25
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Choi JT, Yoshida B, Jalali O, Hatch GF. Malnutrition in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Review of the Current Literature. Sports Health 2020; 13:65-70. [PMID: 32639180 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120926168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Malnutrition is well-studied in various aspects of the orthopaedic literature, most commonly in relation to arthroplasty, spine surgery, and trauma. However, the management of nutritional deficiencies is commonly overlooked among orthopaedic sports medicine providers. The purpose of this article is to analyze the available sports medicine literature to review the associations between malnutrition and the management of orthopaedic sports medicine patients from a treatment and performance standpoint. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed was searched for relevant articles published from 1979 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. RESULTS Few studies exist on the implications of macronutrient deficiencies specific to orthopaedic sports medicine procedures. Interestingly, micronutrient disorders-namely, hypovitaminosis D and iron deficiency-have been well studied and may lead to worse postoperative outcomes, injury rates, and athletic performance. Nutritional supplementation to correct such deficiencies has been shown to mitigate these effects, though further study is required. CONCLUSION Nutritional deficiencies are highly prevalent in orthopaedic sports medicine patients, and practitioners should be aware of their potential effects on treatment and performance outcomes. Management of such deficiencies and their effect on surgical patients remain an area of potential future research. Future studies are warranted in order to explore the potential therapeutic role of nutritional supplementation to prevent complications after common orthopaedic sports medicine procedures, improve athletic performance, and reduce injury rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon T Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brandon Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Omid Jalali
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - George F Hatch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Debruin DA, Timpani CA, Lalunio H, Rybalka E, Goodman CA, Hayes A. Exercise May Ameliorate the Detrimental Side Effects of High Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Function in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1092-1106. [PMID: 32078180 PMCID: PMC9327727 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is commonly prescribed to normalize deficiencies and to treat osteoporosis. However, the effect vitamin D supplements have on skeletal muscle health is equivocal. Although vitamin D is known to play a role in the various processes that maintain muscle integrity and function, recent studies utilizing high bolus dose vitamin D supplementation has demonstrated an increased risk of falls. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle function with and without exercise enrichment. Four-week old C57BL/10 mice (n = 48) were separated into either normal vitamin D (1500 IU/kg diet; unsupplemented) or high vitamin D (20,000 IU/kg diet; supplemented) treatment groups. Each dietary group was further separated into interventional subgroups where mice either remained sedentary or received exercise-enrichment for 8 weeks in the form of voluntary running. Following the intervention period, whole body in vivo and ex vivo contractile analysis were performed. High vitamin D supplementation decreased force production in the slow-twitch soleus muscles of sedentary mice (p < .01); however, exercise normalized this effect. Eight weeks of exercise did not improve fatigue resistance of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) or soleus muscles in unsupplemented mice, likely due to low levels of activation in these muscles. In contrast, fatigability was improved in the EDL (p < .01) and even more so in the soleus (p < .001) in the supplemented exercise-enriched group. Our data highlights that increasing vitamin D levels above normal reduces postural muscle force as seen in the soleus. Thus, unnecessary vitamin D supplementation may contribute to the increased risk of falls observed in some studies. Interestingly, when vitamin D supplementation was combined with exercise, force production was effectively restored, and fatigue resistance improved, even in muscles lowly activated. Regular exercise may modulate the effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle, and be recommended for individuals receiving vitamin D supplements. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Debruin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hannah Lalunio
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Filippella M, Altieri B, Falchetti A, Cosso R, Cena H, Musso C, Geronutti E, Rassat L, Cipriani G, Colao A, Di Somma C, Faggiano A. Bone metabolism, bone mass and structural integrity profile in professional male football players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:912-918. [PMID: 32118386 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.09913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise plays an important role in bone mineralization as well as factors involved in bone metabolism influence the athletic performance. In European countries, soccer is the most popular sport. The aim of the study was to investigate bone metabolism, bone mass and structural integrity profile in professional male adult football players. METHODS Sixteen professional male football players from a single team of the Second division Italian League (mean age 22.4±0.7 years) were enrolled. Bone biochemical parameters, including serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, intact plasma PTH, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD), 24-h urinary calcium and phosphorus, and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), were evaluated at the beginning (October 2012) and at the end of the League (May 2013). RESULTS 25-OHD levels were significantly lower at the end of the League compared to the beginning (27.1±5.9 vs. 36.6±9.5 ng/mL, fold change [FC]=0.25, P=0.008), and the prevalence of 25-OHD deficiency increased from 25% to 73%. Moreover, higher rate of previous bone, cartilage or ligament injuries correlated with 25-OHD deficiencies (P=0.014). T-score and Z-score were at the upper limits of the normality ranges, without significant difference between the beginning and end of the League. Phosphaturia was slightly decreased at the end of the League (691.0±364.5 vs. 934.0±274.3 mg/24h, FC=0.26, P=0.06). A significant correlation was found between phosphaturia and BQI (R2=0.28, P=0.03), and both T-s and Z-s (R2=0.28, P=0.03) at the beginning of the League. CONCLUSIONS With this pilot study, we demonstrated that vitamin D status significantly worsened at the end of the League. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation might be suggested in adult football players in order to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve the athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Filippella
- Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinical Institute of Aosta, Aosta, Italy.,Unit of Nutrition and Metabolism, Humanitas Gavezzani, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy -
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- EndOsMet Division, Branch of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Villa Donatello Private Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Cosso
- EndOsMet Division, Branch of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Villa Donatello Private Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Service of Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism, Disease Hercolani Center of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Experimental Medicine and Forensic Unit of Food Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Musso
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Humanitas of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.,Polyclinic of Monza, Monza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | - Erica Geronutti
- Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinical Institute of Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Luciano Rassat
- Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinical Institute of Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Di Somma
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Vitamin D has important roles in calcium metabolism and in the prevention of rickets and osteomalacia; low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are common in the general population and amongst pregnant women. Whilst there is a wealth of observational evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to a wide range of disease outcomes, there are currently few high-quality randomised controlled trials to confirm any causal associations, although many are currently in progress. Furthermore, currently, the vast majority of published guidelines recommend standard supplemental vitamin D doses for children and pregnant women, yet there is increasing recognition that individual characteristics and genetic factors may influence the response to supplementation. As such, future research needs to concentrate on documenting definite beneficial clinical outcomes of vitamin D supplementation, and establishing personalised dosing schedules and demonstrating effective approaches to optimising initiation and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Muscular Fitness Mediates the Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Areal Bone Mineral Density in Children with Overweight/Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112760. [PMID: 31739435 PMCID: PMC6893626 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D [25(OH)D] and bone health has been widely studied in children. Given that 25(OH)D and bone health are associated with muscular fitness, this could be the cornerstone to understand this relationship. Hence, the purpose of this work was to examine if the relation between 25(OH)D and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was mediated by muscular fitness in children with overweight/obesity. Eighty-one children (8-11 years, 53 boys) with overweight/obesity were included. Body composition was measured with dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), 25(OH)D was measured in plasma samples and muscular fitness was assessed by handgrip and standing long jump tests (averaged z-scores were used to represent overall muscular fitness). Simple mediation analyses controlling for sex, years from peak height velocity, lean mass and season were carried out. Our results showed that muscular fitness z-score, handgrip strength and standing long jump acted as mediators in the relationship between 25(OH)D and aBMD outcomes (percentages of mediation ranged from 49.6% to 68.3%). In conclusion, muscular fitness mediates the association of 25(OH)D with aBMD in children with overweight/obesity. Therefore, 25(OH)D benefits to bone health could be dependent on muscular fitness in young ages.
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30
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Bezrati I, Ben Fradj MK, Hammami R, Ouerghi N, Padulo J, Feki M. A single mega dose of vitamin D 3 improves selected physical variables in vitamin D-deficient young amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:478-485. [PMID: 31597046 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial aimed to test whether vitamin D (VD) supplementation affects measures of physical performance in VD-deficient, mildly trained children. Thirty-six recreationally soccer player boys were randomly assigned to single dose (200 000 IU) of VD3 (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17). Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was assessed and measures of physical performance (i.e., vertical and standing broad jumps, triple hop, 10-m and 30-m sprints, shuttle run) were performed before and 12 weeks after the loading dose. Mixed ANCOVA models were performed and effect size was estimated by partial eta squared (ηp2). Baseline 25-OHD and physical variables were equivalent in the 2 groups. Twelve weeks after VD loading, plasma 25-OHD increased and physical variables improved only in the VD group. There was a significant interaction effects for group by time for vertical jump (F = 14.9, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.394), triple hop jump (F = 24.2, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.513), 10-m (F = 4.46, p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.162) and 30-m (F = 6.56, p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.222) sprints, and shuttle run (F = 13.4, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.369). In conclusion, a single bolus of VD3 resulted in significant improvements in jumping ability, agility, and running speed in mildly trained children that are deficient in VD. The findings suggest that correcting VD deficit might be beneficial for physical performance. Novelty A mega dose of VD3 improves jumping ability, agility, and running speed in VD-deficient, mildly trained children. Effect of VD on measures of physical performance is noticeable 3 months after the loading dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Bezrati
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11, Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.,National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sports, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", 2010 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11, Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hammami
- National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sports, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", 2010 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, Research Unit Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Moncef Feki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11, Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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31
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Scholten SD, Ferley DD, Birger CB, Dowling C, Mikkelson M, Springer J, Lucs N. Physical performance is not improved with vitamin D repletion: a randomized trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 60:85-91. [PMID: 31565909 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies enrolling physically active participants have used various vitamin D dosing strategies which can result in diverse post supplementation vitamin D status due to individual body weight and initial vitamin D status. Emerging evidence suggests serum 25(OH)D levels of 100-120 nmol/L are optimal for peak performance, however, studies generally administer the same dose for all participants regardless of initial 25(OH)D status and body weight. This approach will not likely get all participants to the optimal 25(OH)D level proposed for optimal physical performance. Therefore, it's important to enroll vitamin D insufficient/deficient participants to observe the effects of vitamin D supplementation on physical performance. We assessed vitamin D repletion on markers of anaerobic performance in physically active adults by replenishing insufficient/deficient vitamin D to the target of 100-120 nmol/L suggested for optimal physical performance. METHODS We conducted a double-blind randomized control trial in 42 physically active participants, 18-42 years of age in the winter months. Physically active participants with insufficient/deficient 25(OH)D status (<75 nmol/L) were supplemented with an individualized dosing strategy to achieve 25(OH)D of 120 nmol/L with eight weeks of supplementation using the following formula: Dose (IU)=40•[Target 25(OH)D3 - Initial 25(OH)D3]•Body Weight (kg). A modified Wingate test, 10m and 40m sprints, vertical jump, hand grip strength, pushups, and isokinetic knee flexion and extension were assessed before and after repletion of 25(OH)D. RESULTS Thirty-nine out of 42 participants completed the study. Twenty-seven participants in the vitamin D group significantly increased 25(OH)D from 61 nmol/L to 123 nmol/L (P<0.001). 12 participants in the Placebo group had a significant decrease in 25(OH)D from 98 nmol/L to 83 nmol/L (P=0.02). Despite these changes in 25(OH)D status in each group, no significant changes in anaerobic performance markers were found. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that vitamin D repletion to levels sufficient for optimal physical performance does not improve anaerobic physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D Scholten
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, USA -
| | - Derek D Ferley
- Avera Sports Institute, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Cortney Dowling
- Department of Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, USA
| | - Mikenzie Mikkelson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Jesse Springer
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Nathan Lucs
- Department of Physical Therapy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
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Gerveieeha Z, Siassi F, Qorbani M, Ziaeian F, Sotoudeh G. The effect of different amounts of vitamin D supplementation on serum calcidiol, anthropometric status, and body composition in overweight or obese nursing women: a study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2019; 20:542. [PMID: 31470899 PMCID: PMC6716881 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal vitamin D intake for nursing mothers with overweight or obesity has not been defined. Vitamin D concentrations are associated with body composition indices, particularly body fat mass. Few studies have investigated the relationship between hypovitaminosis D, obesity, anthropometric status, and body composition in nursing women. Thus, the present study aims to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation during lactation will improve vitamin D status, reduce body fat mass, and improve body composition. Methods/design In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, after term delivery, 90 healthy women with overweight or obesity will be selected and randomly allocated into three groups to receive 2000 IU/d cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), 4000 IU/d cholecalciferol, or placebo (lactose) for 12 weeks while nursing. Measurements of height, weight, waist circumference, and body composition (fat mass (kg), lean mass (kg), body fat (%), fat mass index, and relative fat mass index) will be taken for all subjects at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. In addition, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus will be measured. Discussion This study is the first investigating the effect of different amounts of vitamin D supplementation on serum calcidiol, anthropometric status, and body composition in nursing women with overweight or obesity. Our findings will contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding the role of vitamin D supplementation in obesity, anthropometric status, and body composition in nursing women. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20140413017254N6. Registered on 11 April 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3622-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Gerveieeha
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ziaeian
- Department of Health Science in Nutrition, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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ERCAN S. Adolesan Sporcularda D Vitamini Düzeyi İle İzokinetik Kas Kuvvetinin İlişkisi. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2019. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.527532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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The Dependence of Running Speed and Muscle Strength on the Serum Concentration of Vitamin D in Young Male Professional Football Players Residing in the Russian Federation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091960. [PMID: 31438463 PMCID: PMC6769888 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent among athletes, and it can negatively affect physical performance. At the same time, most of the available data were obtained from untrained individuals of various ages, and published studies performed in athletes led to contradictory conclusions. Methods: This cohort prospective study examined the serum concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D) and its association with running speed and muscle power in 131 young football players (mean age 15.6 ± 2.4 years). Results: 25(OH)D levels were below reference in 42.8% (serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL) and above reference in 30.5% of the participants (serum 25(OH)D 61–130 ng/mL). A comparison of the results of 5, 15, and 30 m sprint tests and the standing long jump test found no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Athletes from the 25(OH)D-insufficient group were treated with 5000 IU cholecalciferol supplement daily for 60 days. After the treatment, the 25(OH)D concentration increased by 79.2% and was within reference in 84% of the treated athletes (serum 25(OH)D 30–60 ng/mL). Testing was repeated after the end of treatment, and a statistically significant increase in the results of the 5, 15, and 30 m sprint tests was observed (Cohen’s d was 0.46, 0.33, and 0.34, respectively), while the results of the standing long jump test remained unchanged. Body height, body weight, and lean body mass of the football players also increased. Conclusions: These findings indicate that there is likely no correlation between serum levels of 25(OH)D, muscle power, and running speed in young professional football players, and the changes observed post-treatment might have been caused by changes in the anthropometric parameters. During the study, all the anthropometric parameters changed, but the amount of lean body mass only correlated with the results of the 5 m sprint.
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35
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Novel Fracture Improvements via Vitamin D Supplementation. Trauma Mon 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.90745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Debruin DA, Andreacchio N, Hanson ED, Timpani CA, Rybalka E, Hayes A. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle in the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050096. [PMID: 31035483 PMCID: PMC6572350 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) has shown to be beneficial in reversing muscle weakness and atrophy associated with VitD deficiency. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by worsening muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, with VitD deficiency commonly observed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VitD supplementation on dystrophic skeletal muscle. Eight-week old female control (C57BL/10; n = 29) and dystrophic (C57BL/mdx; n = 23) mice were randomly supplemented with one of three VitD enriched diets (1000, 8000 & 20,000 IU/kg chow). Following a four-week feeding period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles contractile and fatigue properties were tested ex vivo, followed by histological analysis. As expected, mdx muscles displayed higher mass yet lower specific forces and a rightward shift in their force frequency relationship consistent with dystrophic pathology. There was a trend for mdx muscle mass to be larger following the 20,000 IU/kg diet, but this did not result in improved force production. Fiber area in the EDL was larger in mdx compared to controls, and there were higher amounts of damage in both muscles, with VitD supplementation having no effect. Four weeks of VitD supplementation did not appear to have any impact upon dystrophic skeletal muscle pathology at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Debruin
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Nicola Andreacchio
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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Björk A, Ribom E, Johansson G, Scragg R, Mellström D, Grundberg E, Ohlsson C, Karlsson M, Ljunggren Ö, Kindmark A. Variations in the vitamin D receptor gene are not associated with measures of muscle strength, physical performance, or falls in elderly men. Data from MrOS Sweden. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 187:160-165. [PMID: 30476589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for several musculoskeletal phenotypes. However, previous results on the associations between genetic variants of the VDR with muscle strength and falls have been contradictory. The MrOS Sweden survey, a prospective population-based cohort study of 3014 elderly men (mean age 75 years, range 69-81) offered the opportunity to further investigate these associations. At baseline, data were collected on muscle strength and also the prevalence of falls during the previous 12 months. Genetic association analysis was performed for 7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), covering the genetic region surrounding the VDR gene in 2924 men with available samples of DNA. Genetic variations in the VDR were not associated with five different measurements of muscle strength or physical performance (hand grip strength right and left, 6 m walking test (easy and narrow) and timed-stands test). However, one of the 7 SNPs of the gene for the VDR receptor, rs7136534, was associated with prevalence of falls (33.6% of the AA, 14.6% of the AG and 16.5% of the GG allele). In conclusion, VDR genetic variants are not related to muscle strength or physical performance in elderly Swedish men. The role of the rs7136534 SNP for the occurrence of falls is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Björk
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Mineral Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - E Ribom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Scragg
- Section of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D Mellström
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical, Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedic Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ö Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Mineral Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Kindmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Mineral Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Micronutrient deficiencies and health-related quality of life: the case of children with vitamin D deficiency. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:1165-1172. [PMID: 30744725 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the extent to which micronutrient deficiencies (MND) affect children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as a case study. DESIGN Proxy valuation study to estimate the impact of VDD on the HRQoL of younger (0-4 years) and older (>4 years) children. We used the Child Health Utility 9 Dimension (CHU9D) questionnaire to estimate HRQoL for children within six VDD-related health states: 'hypocalcaemic cardiomyopathy', 'hypocalcaemic seizures', 'active rickets', 'bone deformities', 'pain and muscle weakness' and 'subclinical VDD'. SETTING Sampling was not restricted to any particular setting and worldwide experts were recruited. PARTICIPANTS Respondents were paediatric bone experts recruited through network sampling. RESULTS Thirty-eight experts completed the survey. The health state with the largest detrimental impact (mean score (se)) on children's HRQoL was hypocalcaemic cardiomyopathy (0·47 (0·02)), followed by hypocalcaemic seizures (0·50 (0·02)) and active rickets (0·62 (0·02) in young children; 0·57 (0·02) in older children). Asymptomatic VDD had a modest but noticeable negative impact on HRQoL, attributed mostly to tiredness in both age groups and pain in the older paediatric population. CONCLUSIONS Elicitation of HRQoL from clinical experts suggests a negative impact of VDD on HRQoL, even if there is no recognizable clinical manifestation. HRQoL data from populations of patients with MND will inform public health policy decisions. In some settings, routine collection of HRQoL data alongside national nutrition surveys may help capture the full burden of MND and prioritize resources towards effective prevention.
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Sikora-Klak J, Narvy SJ, Yang J, Makhni E, Kharrazi FD, Mehran N. The Effect of Abnormal Vitamin D Levels in Athletes. Perm J 2019; 22:17-216. [PMID: 30005732 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/17-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a lipophilic prohormone integral to musculoskeletal, autoimmune, oncologic, cardiovascular, and mental health. Of particular importance to the orthopedic surgeon is the role of vitamin D in the regulation of bone mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Although vitamin D-related skeletal pathologies are rare in industrialized nations, emerging research in the field has shown that most American adults have inadequate levels of vitamin D. Even among athletes, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which may place competitors at risk of stress fractures, illness, and delayed muscle recovery. Adequately identifying vitamin D-deficient individuals in need of supplementation is important to help optimize performance and prevent future injury. The goal of this review is to describe the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency and its effects on athletic performance and musculoskeletal health. Future double-blinded studies of vitamin D supplementation in athletes are needed. We recommend treating athletes who have insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sikora-Klak
- Orthopedist for the University of California, San Diego Health System.
| | - Steven J Narvy
- Orthopedist at the Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center in Torrance, CA.
| | - Justin Yang
- Orthopedist at the Sunset Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Eric Makhni
- Orthopedist at the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic in Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | - Nima Mehran
- Orthopedist at the Sunset Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA.
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Wyon MA, Wolman R, Kolokythas N, Sheriff K, Galloway S, Mattiussi A. Effect of Vitamin D on Muscle Function and Injury in Elite Adolescent Dancers: A Randomized Double-Blind Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:55-59. [PMID: 29893596 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A number of studies have noted low levels of vitamin D in dancers, and this has been associated with increased risk of injuries and decreased muscle-strength indices. The aim of the present study was to examine whether vitamin D supplementation over a 4-mo period can improve muscle function and injury incidence. METHODS A total of 84 participants volunteered; exclusion criteria and dropout (19%) reduced the cohort to 67 participants (females = 29 and males = 38; 17-19 y). Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention or placebo group (2∶1 ratio). All provided a venous blood sample before and after the 4-mo study period. The intervention group received 120,000 IU vitamin D to be taken over a 1-wk period, and the placebo group received the same number of inert pills. Participants completed a series of muscle function tests before and after the monitoring period. Injury incidence was recorded by the independent health team at the school. RESULTS Preintervention, 6% of the cohort were vitamin D deficient, 81% were insufficient, and 13% had sufficient levels; postintervention, 53% were insufficient and 47% were sufficient. The intervention group reported a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D3 (57%; P < .00) and isometric strength (7.8%; P = .022) but not muscle power. There was a significant association between traumatic injury occurrence for the intervention and control groups (10.9% vs 31.8%; P < .02). CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation decreased the numbers of deficient and insufficient participants in this cohort. The intervention group reported a small significant increase in muscle strength that was negatively associated with traumatic injury occurrence.
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Wright CS, Laing EM, Pollock NK, Hausman DB, Weaver CM, Martin BR, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Warden SJ, Hill Gallant KM, Lewis RD. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Influence Muscle Outcomes in Children and Adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1940-1947. [PMID: 30001469 PMCID: PMC6556206 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are shown to improve strength in adults; however, data in pediatric populations are scant and equivocal. In this ancillary study of a larger-scale, multi-sited, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled vitamin D intervention in US children and adolescents, we examined the associations between changes in vitamin D metabolites and changes in muscle mass, strength, and composition after 12 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation. Healthy male and female, black and white children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 13 years from two US states (Georgia 34°N and Indiana 40°N) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to receive an oral vitamin D3 dose of 0, 400, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/d for 12 weeks between the winter months of 2009 to 2011 (N = 324). Analyses of covariance, partial correlations, and regression analyses of baseline and 12-week changes (post-baseline) in vitamin D metabolites (serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D, intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]), and outcomes of muscle mass, strength, and composition (total body fat-free soft tissue [FFST], handgrip strength, forearm and calf muscle cross-sectional area [MCSA], muscle density, and intermuscular adipose tissue [IMAT]) were assessed. Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D, but not iPTH, increased over time, as did fat mass, FFST, forearm and calf MCSA, forearm IMAT, and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Vitamin D metabolites were not associated with muscle strength at baseline nor after the 12-week intervention. Changes in serum 25(OH)D correlated with decreases in forearm IMAT, whereas changes in serum iPTH predicted increases in forearm and calf MCSA and IMAT (p < 0.05). Overall, increases in 25(OH)D did not influence muscle mass or strength in vitamin D-sufficient children and adolescents; however, the role of iPTH on muscle composition in this population is unknown and warrants further investigation. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Norman K Pollock
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Correcting Vitamin D Insufficiency Improves Some But Not All Aspects of Physical Performance During Winter Training in Taekwondo Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:635-643. [PMID: 29722590 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on physical performance during winter training in vitamin D insufficient taekwondo athletes. Thirty-five collegiate male and female taekwondo athletes, aged 19-22 years with low serum 25(OH)D concentration (28.8 ± 1.10 nmol/L), were randomly assigned to a vitamin D group (n = 20) or a placebo group (n = 15). Subjects received either a vitamin D3 capsule (5,000 IU/day) or a placebo during 4 weeks of winter training. Blood samples were collected for analyzing serum 25(OH)D concentration. Physical performance tests included Wingate anaerobic test, isokinetic muscle strength and endurance, a countermovement jump test, sit-ups, agility test, and 20-m pacer. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased significantly in the vitamin D group (96.0 ± 3.77 nmol/L) after 4 weeks of supplementation, but no changes were found in the placebo group (F = 242.44, p = .000). There were significant interaction effects for anaerobic peak power (F = 7.49, p = .010) and isokinetic knee extension at 180 deg/s (F = 6.08, p = .019). Changes in serum 25(OH)D concentration were positively associated with changes in peak power and isokinetic knee extension at 180 deg/s. However, no significant interaction effects were observed in other performance variables. This study suggests that 4 weeks of vitamin D supplementation elevates serum 25(OH)D concentration to sufficient levels. Correcting vitamin D insufficiency improves some but not all aspects of performance. Thus, efficacy of vitamin D supplementation to enhance performance remains unclear.
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Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on 25(OH)D Status in Elite Athletes With Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 29:18-23. [PMID: 29757043 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a substantial proportion of athletes with spinal cord injury have insufficient 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D) status, which may be associated with decreased muscle strength. This study consisted of two parts: (a) to examine the effects of a 12- to 16-week vitamin D3 supplementation protocol on 25(OH)D concentration and (b) to determine whether subsequent 25(OH)D status impacts muscle performance in elite athletes with spinal cord injury. Thirty-four members (age: 33 ± 15 years, weight: 69.6 ± 28.2 kg, and height: 170.2 ± 25.4 cm) of the U.S. and Canadian Paralympic program participated in the study. 25(OH)D concentrations and performance measures (handgrip strength and 20-m wheelchair sprint) were assessed pre- and postsupplementation. Participants were assigned a vitamin D3 supplementation protocol based on initial 25(OH)D concentrations. Participants with deficient 25(OH)D status (<50 nmol/L) received 50,000 IU/week for 8 weeks, and participants with insufficient status (50-75 nmol/L) received 35,000 IU/week for 4 weeks, after which both received a maintenance dose of 15,000 IU/week. Participants with sufficient status (>75 nmol/L) received the maintenance dose of 15,000 IU/week. 25(OH)D concentrations increased significantly (p < .001; 66.3 ± 24.3 nmol/L and 111.3 ± 30.8 nmol/L pre- and postsupplementation, respectively). About 26% of athletes had sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations presupplementation, and 91% had sufficient concentrations postsupplementation. About 62% of participants improved handgrip strength postsupplementation with no change in 20-m wheelchair sprint performance. The supplementation protocol was effective for achieving sufficient vitamin D concentrations in elite athletes with spinal cord injury.
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Suebthawinkul C, Panyakhamlerd K, Yotnuengnit P, Suwan A, Chaiyasit N, Taechakraichana N. The effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on muscle strength in early postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Climacteric 2018; 21:491-497. [PMID: 30095022 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1480600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] has been shown to be associated with low muscle mass and loss of muscle strength, resulting in increased disability and frailty in older men and women. Vitamin D deficiency is common in postmenopausal women. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in early postmenopausal women. The effects of vitamin D2 supplementation on muscle mass and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were secondarily investigated. METHODS A 12-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in early postmenopausal women (45-60 years old) with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml). A total of 88 subjects were randomized into group I: vitamin D2 supplement 40 000 IU/week (n = 44), or group II: placebo (n = 44). Serum 25(OH)D level, muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle CSA were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after the supplementation. RESULTS After 12 weeks of supplementation, 70% of women in group I achieved a sufficient level of serum 25(OH)D (>30 ng/ml). There were significant differences in changes of serum 25(OH)D levels between the two groups (p < 0.05). Muscle strength and muscle CSA in group I increased significantly after 12 weeks (p = 0.015, 0.045, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the mean changes of muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle CSA between the two groups (p = 0.16, 0.89, 0.84, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, we found no obvious effect of vitamin D supplementation on the changes in muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle CSA when compared to placebo. However, there were significant changes in muscle strength and muscle CSA from baseline in the vitamin D supplementation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Suebthawinkul
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - K Panyakhamlerd
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - P Yotnuengnit
- b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - A Suwan
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - N Chaiyasit
- c Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - N Taechakraichana
- a Reproductive Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Thompson MJW, Jones G, Aitken DA. Constitutive melanin density is associated with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D and potentially total body BMD in older Caucasian adults via increased sun tolerance and exposure. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1887-1895. [PMID: 29858632 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Greater skin pigmentation reduces dose equivalent cutaneous vitamin D3 production, potentially impacting lifetime vitamin D status and fracture risk. We show that melanin density was positively associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D and total body bone mineral density. These relationships were partially explained by greater sun exposure due to more permissive skin phenotype. INTRODUCTION Higher cutaneous melanin reduces vitamin D3 production. This may impact lifetime vitamin D status and increase fracture risk. This study aimed to describe the relationship between spectrophotometrically determined constitutive melanin density, osteoporotic risk factors and potential intermediaries in a cohort of exclusively older Caucasian adults. METHODS One thousand seventy-two community-dwelling adults aged 50-80 years had constitutive melanin density quantified using spectrophotometry. Sun exposure, skin phenotype, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) prevalence and smoking status were assessed by questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD), falls risk, physical activity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using DXA, the short form Physiological Profile Assessment, pedometer and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RESULTS Higher melanin density was independently associated with greater ability to tan (RR = 1.27, p < 0.001), less propensity to sunburn (RR = 0.92, p < 0.001), fewer lifetime sunburns (RR = 0.94, p = 0.01), current smoking (RR = 1.41, p < 0.001), female sex (RR = 1.24, p < 0.001) and less photodamage (RR = 0.98, p = 0.01). The associations between melanin density and sun exposure (RR = 1.05-1.11, p < 0.001-0.01), sun protection behaviours (RR = 0.89, p < 0.001) and NMSC prevalence (RR = 0.75, p = 0.001) were no longer significant after taking into account skin phenotype and sun exposure, respectively. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was strongly associated with higher melanin density (β = 1.71-2.05, p = 0.001). The association between melanin density and total body BMD (β = 0.007, p = 0.04) became non-significant after adjustment for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. There was no association between melanin density and physical activity, falls risk or BMD at other sites. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a model of higher constitutive melanin density underpinning a less photosensitive skin phenotype, permitting greater sun exposure with fewer sequelae and yielding higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D and, potentially, total body BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J W Thompson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
| | - G Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - D A Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
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Cirmanova V, Zofkova I, Kasalicky P, Lanska V, Bayer M, Starka L, Kanceva R. Hormonal and bone parameters in pubertal girls. Physiol Res 2018; 66:S419-S424. [PMID: 28948826 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we analyzed associations between muscles mass, total bone mineral content (BMC), lumbar spine bone density (BMD L1-L4) and serum or urine hormones in healthy peripubertal girls. Total BMC and areal BMD L1-L4, muscle mass and fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle force (N) was estimated by a dynamometer. Circulating estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leptin, osteocalcin, bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and total calcium and phosphorus were quantified as the nocturnal melatonin and serotonin urinary excretion. Partial correlations adjusted for height, Tanner score and physical activity confirmed positive relationships between BMC or BMD L1-L4 (Z-score) and lean mass or fat. Furthermore, positive relationship was observed between BMC or BMD L1-L4 (Z-score) and serum leptin. After adjustment for Tanner score and physical activity, positive associations were observed between lean mass and IGF-1, leptin levels or muscle force. We proved positive relationships between bone mass and serum leptin in peripubertal girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cirmanova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jerome SP, Sticka KD, Schnurr TM, Mangum SJ, Reynolds AJ, Dunlap KL. 25(OH)D levels in trained versus sedentary university students at 64° north. Int J Circumpolar Health 2018; 76:1314414. [PMID: 28452288 PMCID: PMC5497540 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2017.1314414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency is associated with compromised bone mineralisation, fatigue, suppressed immune function and unsatisfactory skeletal muscle recovery. We investigated the risk of 25(OH)D insufficiency or deficiency in endurance athletes compared to sedentary non-athletes living at 64° north. METHODS University student-athletes (TS) and sedentary students (SS) volunteered to participate in this study. TS engaged in regular exercise while SS exercised no more than 20 minutes/week. Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) scores for participants were determined. Vitamin D intake was assessed using the National Cancer Institute's 24-hour food recall (ASA24). Fasting plasma 25(OH)D levels were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS TS reported higher activity levels than SS as assessed with MET-minutes/week and ranking of physical activity levels (p < 0.05). The reported mean daily intake of vitamin D was higher in TS compared to SS (p < 0.05) while 25(OH)D plasma levels were lower in TS than in SS (p < 0.05). In total, 43.8% of the TS were either insufficient (31.3%) or deficient (12.5%) in 25(OH)D, while none of the SS were insufficient and 13.3% were deficient. CONCLUSION TS are at increased risk of 25(OH)D insufficiency or deficiency compared to their sedentary counterparts residing at the same latitude, despite higher vitamin D intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Jerome
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA
| | - Kendra D Sticka
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA.,b College of Health , University of Alaska Anchorage , Anchorage , AK , USA
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA.,c Novo Nordisk Research Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Sally J Mangum
- d Department of Family Medicine , Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences , Yakima , WA , USA
| | - Arleigh J Reynolds
- e Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA
| | - Kriya L Dunlap
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA.,f Institute of Arctic Biology , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , AK , USA
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Li J, Mihalcioiu M, Li L, Zakikhani M, Camirand A, Kremer R. Vitamin D prevents lipid accumulation in murine muscle through regulation of PPARγ and perilipin-2 expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:116-124. [PMID: 29037825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in regulation of skeletal muscle tone and contraction. Serum vitamin D status is linked to muscle power and force in adolescent girls, and vitamin D deficiency is associated with myopathies in children and poorer physical performance in the elderly. We previously reported that vitamin D deficiency is linked to a significant increase in muscle fatty infiltration in healthy young women, and studies in patients with neuromuscular disorders also associate muscle weakening and lipid content. In order to better understand the link between vitamin D status and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, we compared the effect of a low (25IU/kg) or normal (1000IU/kg) vitamin D3 diet on muscle fat in female FVB mice maintained in a room without UVB lighting to minimize endogenous vitamin D production. Animals on low vitamin D diet displayed lower circulating 25(OH)D levels and a dramatic increase (287±52% compared to normal diet, p<0.0001) in lipid deposition in skeletal muscle accompanied by muscle fiber disorganization. Lipid droplet staining increased by 242±23% (p<0.0001) in low vitamin D diet, and lipid droplet coat protein perilipin-2 and nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARγ expression levels were increased compared to mice fed the normal vitamin D diet: average staining for PLIN2: 0.22±0.08 (25IU/kg diet) vs 0.10±0.02 (1000IU/kg). Average staining for PPARγ: 0.24±0.06 (25IU/kg diet) vs 0.07±0.04 (1000IU/kg) p<0.0001. Tissue mass spectrometry imaging revealed major differences in muscle phospholipids profile depending on diet. In vitro, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes inhibited appearance of lipid droplets by 79±9.3%, and caused a 80±10% and 25±8% (p=0.001) reduction in PPARγ and perilipin-2 mRNA levels (by qPCR) compared to control cells. In summary, we report here the first in vivo model illustrating the important structural muscle fiber disorganization and fat accumulation inside and outside muscle fibers that accompany vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, we show that the underlying mechanisms involve PPARγ and perilipin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Milton Mihalcioiu
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Lifeng Li
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Mahvash Zakikhani
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Anne Camirand
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Richard Kremer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Mortensen C, Mølgaard C, Hauger H, Kristensen M, Damsgaard CT. Winter vitamin D 3 supplementation does not increase muscle strength, but modulates the IGF-axis in young children. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1183-1192. [PMID: 29450728 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether muscle strength, the insulin-like growth factor axis (IGF-axis), height, and body composition were associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and affected by winter vitamin D supplementation in healthy children, and furthermore to explore potential sex differences. METHODS We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response winter trial at 55ºN. A total of 117 children aged 4-8 years were randomly assigned to either placebo, 10, or 20 µg/day of vitamin D3 for 20 weeks. At baseline and endpoint, we measured muscle strength with handgrip dynamometer, fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), height, plasma IGF-1, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and serum 25(OH)D. RESULTS At baseline, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with muscle strength, FFMI, and IGFBP-3 in girls only (all p < 0.01). At endpoint, baseline-adjusted muscle strength, FMI and FFMI did not differ between intervention groups. However, baseline-adjusted IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were higher after 20 µg/day compared to placebo (p = 0.043 and p = 0.006, respectively) and IGFBP-3 was also higher after 20 µg/day compared to 10 µg/day (p = 0.011). Children tended to be taller after 20 µg/day compared to placebo (p = 0.064). No sex interactions were seen at endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Avoiding the winter-related decline in serum 25(OH)D may influence IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in children. Larger trials are required to confirm these effects, and the long-term implication for linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mortensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- Department of Nutrition and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne Hauger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Michael Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Understanding Personalized Training Responses: Can Genetic Assessment Help? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1875399x01710010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Traditional exercise prescription is based on the assumption that exercise adaptation is predictable and standardised across individuals. However, evidence has emerged in the past two decades demonstrating that large inter-individual variation exists regarding the magnitude and direction of adaption following exercise.Objective:The aim of this paper was to discuss the key factors influencing this personalized response to exercise in a narrative review format.Findings:Genetic variation contributes significantly to the personalized training response, with specific polymorphisms associated with differences in exercise adaptation. These polymorphisms exist in a number of pathways controlling exercise adaptation. Environmental factors such as nutrition, psycho-emotional response, individual history and training programme design also modify the inter-individual adaptation following training. Within the emerging field of epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA allow environmental and lifestyle factors to impact genetic expression. These epigenetic mechanisms are themselves modified by genetic and non-genetic factors, illustrating the complex interplay between variables in determining the adaptive response. Given that genetic factors are such a fundamental modulator of the inter-individual response to exercise, genetic testing may provide a useful and affordable addition to those looking to maximise exercise adaption, including elite athletes. However, there are ethical issues regarding the use of genetic tests, and further work is needed to provide evidence based guidelines for their use.Conclusion:There is considerable inter-individual variation in the adaptive response to exercise. Genetic assessments may provide an additional layer of information allowing personalization of training programmes to an individual’s unique biology.
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