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Yu H, Xu C, Lu J, Li Q, Li Q, Zhou K, Zhong J, Liang Y, Yang W. Associations between screen time and emotional and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in US, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2022. J Affect Disord 2025; 379:159-167. [PMID: 40081579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive screen time is associated with physical health, behavior, and cognitive development. Recognizing childhood and adolescence as crucial periods for mental health development, we examine the association of screen time with mental health in children and adolescents. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 4932 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Information on screen time and mental health was obtained through questionnaires reported by a parent or guardian. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to evaluate children's mental health, followed by categorization into normal and abnormal groups. RESULTS 3742 participants(weighted prevalence was 70.05 % CI 68.44 %-71.67 %) had more than two hours of screen time. After adjusting for confounders, excessive screen time was significantly associated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer relationship issues, and higher total difficulties in children and adolescents. The odds ratios were 1.75 (95 % CI, 1.29-2.37; P < 0.001) for emotional symptoms, 1.73 (95 % CI, 1.19-2.52; P = 0.004) for conduct problems, 1.46 (95 % CI, 1.11-1.93; P = 0.009) for peer relationships, and 1.72 (95 % CI, 1.17-2.52; P = 0.006) for total difficulties score. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional analyses cannot establish causality of the associations. CONCLUSIONS Significant association were found between excessive screen time and emotional problems, conduct problems, peer relationships, and total difficulties. Children and adolescents need wise guidance in using electronic devices, and timely attention should be given to the potential challenges associated with excessive screen time. Further investigation is deemed necessary to assess causality and elucidate potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Chan Xu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Jiamin Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Qishan Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Kefan Zhou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Jiawen Zhong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Yingyu Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China.
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Paclikova K, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Madarasova Geckova A, Tavel P, Jansen DEMC, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Care providers' view of the barriers in providing care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1302004. [PMID: 39749280 PMCID: PMC11693648 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1302004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives Emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) during adolescence are a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and long-lasting consequences. The knowledge of the barriers in providing psychosocial care can be a starting point for subsequent efficiency improvement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess which barriers do care providers experience while providing psychosocial care for adolescents with EBP. Methods We performed a qualitative assessment that was embedded in the Slovak Care4Youth study mapping the system of care provided for adolescents with EBP. We conducted 25 semi-structured individual and group interviews with a total of 49 care providers from 17 institutions that provided preventive counselling, social, and mental healthcare for adolescents with EBP. We focused on the care provider's perception of barriers in providing care for these adolescents. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. We coded the data using the consensual qualitative research approach in combination with conventional content analysis. Results We found that care providers experienced several barriers in providing care for adolescents with EBP which relate to six themes-legislative framework and legislative changes; financing of the care system; coordination of care; workforce development, education, methodical guidance and supervision; personnel and institutional capacities; and administrative burden. Conclusion Addressing these barriers within the care system from the "front line" perspective provides clues to efficiently improve the psychosocial care for adolescents with EBP. According to the care providers, the organization and financing of the care system requires adaptation; the burden of the care providers should be reduced; and care providers require quality practical education, training, and methodological guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Paclikova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Applied Psychology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Danielle E. M. C. Jansen
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Raffa BJ, Wood JN, Rezabek R, Powell BJ, Schilling SS. A feasibility study on the virtual adaptation of Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2024; 9:752-770. [PMID: 39726734 PMCID: PMC11670893 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-024-00393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Childhood behavioral problems are common; despite evidence that parenting interventions improve outcomes, the use of these programs is limited. Virtual delivery may ameliorate attendance barriers, but little is known on the acceptability and feasibility of virtual group parenting interventions. This mixed-methods study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the virtual delivery of a parenting intervention, Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE) among 18 caregivers and 8 facilitators. Subjects completed survey instruments assessing acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and telehealth usability and participated in semi-structured interviews exploring these constructs. Directed content analysis of interview transcripts identified themes. Most participants were female with a mean age of 35 years among caregivers and 37 years among facilitators. Slightly less than half of caregivers were Black (44%), with the remaining White. The majority of facilitators were White (88%). Over half (56%) of families received government assistance. Surveys indicated high acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and telehealth usability. We identified five overarching themes from qualitative analysis: nuances of feasibility, high acceptability, balancing skills and group dynamics, flexibility within fidelity, and multiple perspectives of disparities. Within these themes, reduced logistical barriers and the normalization of virtual meetings were contrasted with virtual burnout and distractions in the home. The majority of participants expressed that they learned helpful parenting skills, even in the setting of the suboptimal group dynamic of the virtual format. While disparities in technology and support systems were identified, the participation of caregivers who would not have attended in person was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J. Raffa
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joanne N. Wood
- Safe Place: The Center for Child Protection and Health, Policy Lab, Clinical Futures and Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Rezabek
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Byron J. Powell
- Center for Mental Health Services Research, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Dissemination & Implementation, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samantha S. Schilling
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Dong HY, Miao CY, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Shan L, Jia FY, Du L. Sleep and internalizing problems in primary school children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Res 2024; 96:1021-1029. [PMID: 38637694 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing and externalizing problems have received great attention, and children with ADHD exhibit high rates of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep and internalizing problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the probable mediating role of externalizing problems. METHODS A total of 203 primary school children diagnosed with ADHD for the first time were recruited for this study. Children with ADHD were evaluated by Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Internalizing problems were represented by emotional symptoms and peer problems of SDQ, and externalizing problems were represented by conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems of SDQ. Multi-step linear regression analysis was used to investigate the mediating effect of externalizing problems on the relationship between sleep and internalizing problems. RESULTS Sleep in children with ADHD was associated with emotional problems in internalizing problems, and conduct problems in externalizing problems mediated the association between sleep and emotional problems. CONCLUSION For children with ADHD, when it is difficult to identify internalizing problems, especially emotional problems, we can take sleep and externalizing problems as clues to improve our clinical ability to recognize and deal with emotional problems. IMPACT 1. We first explored the possible mediating role of conduct problems between sleep and emotional problems in primary school children with ADHD. 2. When it is difficult to identify internalizing problems, especially emotional problems, we can take sleep and externalizing problems as clues to improve our clinical ability to recognize emotional problems for children with ADHD. 3. For children with ADHD with potential internalizing problems, especially emotional problems, interventions for their sleep and externalizing problems may be the possible methods to deal with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Dong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Child Health Clinical Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Yue Miao
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Child Health Clinical Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Child Health Clinical Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Child Health Clinical Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Shan
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Child Health Clinical Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Child Health Clinical Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- The Child Health Clinical Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China.
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Tseliou F, Riglin L, Thapar AK, Heron J, Dennison CA, Armitage JM, Thapar A, Rice F, Collishaw S. Childhood correlates and young adult outcomes of trajectories of emotional problems from childhood to adolescence. Psychol Med 2024; 54:2504-2514. [PMID: 38494928 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional problems, especially anxiety, have become increasingly common in recent generations. Few population-based studies have examined trajectories of emotional problems from early childhood to late adolescence or investigated differences in psychiatric and functional outcomes. METHODS Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 8286, 50.4% male), we modeled latent class growth trajectories of emotional problems, using the parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional scale (SDQ-E) on seven occasions (4-17 years). Psychiatric outcomes in young adulthood (21-25 years) were major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and self-harm. Functional outcomes were exam attainment, educational/occupational status, and social relationship quality. RESULTS We identified four classes of emotional problems: low (67.0%), decreasing (18.4%), increasing (8.9%), and persistent (5.7%) problems. Compared to those in the low class, individuals with decreasing emotional problems were not at elevated risk of any poor adult outcome. Individuals in the increasing and persistent classes had a greater risk of adult MDD (RR: 1.59 95% CI 1.13-2.26 and RR: 2.25 95% CI 1.49-3.41) and self-harm (RR: 2.37 95% CI 1.91-2.94 and RR: 1.87 95% CI 1.41-2.48), and of impairment in functional domains. Childhood sleep difficulties, irritability, conduct and neurodevelopmental problems, and family adversity were associated with a persistent course of emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS Childhood emotional problems were common, but those whose symptoms improved over time were not at increased risk for adverse adult outcomes. In contrast, individuals with persistent or adolescent-increasing emotional problems had a higher risk of mental ill-health and social impairment in young adulthood which was especially pronounced for those with persistent emotional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tseliou
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - L Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - A K Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - J Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - C A Dennison
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - J M Armitage
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - A Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - F Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - S Collishaw
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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Täljedal T, Granlund M, Osman F, Norén Selinus E, Fängström K. Parenting children with disabilities in Sweden: a cluster-analysis of parenting stress and sufficiency of informal and formal support. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1389995. [PMID: 38882520 PMCID: PMC11177875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1389995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate patterns of parenting stress and access to sufficient informal and formal support among parents of children with disabilities. To explore whether child cognitive level, conduct problems and the need of language interpretation in contacts between parents and professionals are associated with patterns of parenting stress and support. Method Parents (N = 140) of children with disabilities in Sweden completed a questionnaire about parenting stress and support. Patterns of three variables-parenting stress and access to sufficient informal and formal support-were investigated using cluster analysis. The relationship of child cognitive level, level of conduct problems and of language interpretation needs between parents and professionals to cluster membership was explored using multinomial logistic regression. Results Five different clusters of parenting stress and support emerged. Parents in cluster 1 had lower than sample mean ratings on all three variables. Cluster 2 had elevated parenting stress, cluster 3 had elevated insufficient informal support and cluster 4 had elevated insufficient formal support. Cluster 5 had elevated ratings on all three variables. Greater child cognitive difficulties increased the likelihood of parent membership in cluster 2 (elevated stress), cluster 3 (elevated insufficient informal support), or cluster 5 (elevated ratings on all variables). Child conduct problems increased the likelihood of membership in cluster 2 (elevated stress) or cluster 5 (elevated ratings on all variables). No relationship between language interpretation needs and cluster membership was found. Conclusions Patterns of parenting stress and sufficiency of support, and their associations with child characteristics, vary substantially. However, families of children with conduct problems experiencing elevated parenting stress in combination with insufficient informal and formal support, may be particularly vulnerable. The results of the current study highlight the clinical importance of exploring and identifying individual parenting stressors and perceived levels of support, to be able to adapt services to better suit a variety of needs, and thus promote equitable care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torun Täljedal
- Region Västmanland-Uppsala University, Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- CHAP, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD Research Environment, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Mental Health, Norway Technical and Natural Sciences University, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fatumo Osman
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Eva Norén Selinus
- Region Västmanland-Uppsala University, Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Fängström
- CHAP, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dennison CA, Martin J, Shakeshaft A, Riglin L, Rice F, Lewis CM, O'Donovan MC, Thapar A. Stratifying early-onset emotional disorders: using genetics to assess persistence in young people of European and South Asian ancestry. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:42-51. [PMID: 37469035 PMCID: PMC10807819 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems in young people. Currently, clinicians are advised to wait before initiating treatment for young people with these disorders as many spontaneously remit. However, others develop recurrent disorder but this subgroup cannot be identified at the outset. We examined whether psychiatric polygenic scores (PGS) could help inform stratification efforts to predict those at higher risk of recurrence. METHODS Probable emotional disorder was examined in two UK population cohorts using the emotional symptoms subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Those with emotional disorder at two or more time points between ages 5 and 25 years were classed as 'recurrent emotional disorder' (n = 1,643) and those with emotional disorder at one time point as having 'single episode emotional disorder' (n = 1,435, controls n = 8,715). We first examined the relationship between psychiatric PGS and emotional disorders in childhood and adolescence. Second, we tested whether psychiatric PGS added to predictor variables of known association with emotional disorder (neurodevelopmental comorbidity, special educational needs, family history of depression and socioeconomic status) when discriminating between single-episode and recurrent emotional disorder. Analyses were conducted separately in individuals of European and South Asian ancestry. RESULTS Probable emotional disorder was associated with higher PGS for major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, broad depression, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in those of European ancestry. Higher MDD and broad depression PGS were associated with emotional disorder in people of South Asian ancestry. Recurrent, compared to single-episode, emotional disorder was associated with ASD and parental psychiatric history. PGS were not associated with episode recurrence, and PGS did not improve discrimination of recurrence when combined with clinical predictors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the use of PGS as a tool to assess the likelihood of recurrence in young people experiencing their first episode of emotional disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Dennison
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Joanna Martin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Amy Shakeshaft
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Frances Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael C. O'Donovan
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Täljedal T, Granlund M, Almqvist L, Osman F, Norén Selinus E, Fängström K. Patterns of mental health problems and well-being in children with disabilities in Sweden: A cross-sectional survey and cluster analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288815. [PMID: 37463139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with disabilities have an increased risk of mental health problems. Patterns of mental health problems and well-being may vary. AIMS To identify patterns of mental health problems and well-being in children with disabilities in Sweden, and investigate the influence of parental background (migration, education), and child cognitive level. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, cluster analysis was used to analyse parents' ratings of conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and prosocial behaviour on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in children with disabilities (n = 136). The influence of parental background (migration, education) and child cognitive level on cluster membership was explored through multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Five clusters of mental health patterns emerged. Three clusters had mean ratings near or past clinical cut-off for one each of the SDQ-subscales. One cluster had difficulties on all three subscales. Greater child cognitive difficulties increased the likelihood of low prosocial behaviour (OR 2.501, p < .001) and of difficulties on all three subscales (OR 2.155, p = .006). Parental background did not influence cluster membership. CONCLUSION Children with disabilities display varying mental health patterns. Awareness of the complexity of mental health patterns among children with disabilities is important. Screening and support for emotional symptoms and prosocial behaviour deficits should be considered for children with conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torun Täljedal
- Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- CHAP, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD Research Environment, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Mental Health, Norway Technical and Natural Sciences University, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lena Almqvist
- CHILD Research Environment, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Fatumo Osman
- CHAP, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Eva Norén Selinus
- Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Fängström
- CHAP, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lau MA, Temcheff CE, Poirier M, Commisso M, Déry M. Longitudinal relationships between conduct problems, depressive symptoms, and school dropout. J Sch Psychol 2023; 96:12-23. [PMID: 36641221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
School dropout can be an ongoing process of academic failure and disengagement starting as early as elementary school. Given the multitude of factors involved and the importance of early identification of vulnerabilities, this study examined whether (a) initial levels of conduct problems and depressive symptoms predicted school dropout, (b) the rate of change in conduct problems and depressive symptoms predicted dropout, (c) the interaction between trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms affected the likelihood of dropout, and (d) whether there were sex differences in these associations. Using a dataset of 364 children ages 6-9 (T1) years who had displayed conduct problems, mean trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms over 6 years were drawn using parallel process latent growth curve modeling. Results showed that both the initial levels of and rate of change in conduct problems predicted dropout, whereas trajectories of depressive symptoms did not. The interaction between trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms was non-significant and sex differences were not observed. These results suggest that, for boys and girls presenting early conduct problems, although a higher initial levels of conduct problems increases the risk of school dropout, a larger decrease in these problems over time may reduce this likelihood. Recognizing and treating conduct problems consistently may be crucial in reducing the risk of dropout in children with early-onset issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A Lau
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal H3A 1Y2, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Caroline E Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal H3A 1Y2, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Martine Poirier
- Department of Educational Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Melissa Commisso
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, PY-146, Montreal H4B 1R6, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Co-occurrence, stability and manifestation of child and adolescent mental health problems: a latent transition analysis. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:267. [PMID: 36376939 PMCID: PMC9664619 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complex constellations of socio-emotional and behavioural problems (i.e., mental health problems) in childhood and adolescence are common and heighten the risk for subsequent personality, anxiety and mood disorders in adulthood. Aims of this study included the examination of patterns of mental health problems (e.g., externalizing-internalizing co-occurrence) and their transitions to reported mental disorders by using a longitudinal person-centered approach (latent class and latent transition analysis). Methods The sample consisted of 1255 children and adolescents (51.7% female, mean age = 12.3 years, age range 8–26 years) from three time points of the comprehensive mental health and wellbeing BELLA study. Children and their parents completed the German SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, Goodman, 1997) and reported on diagnoses of ADHD, depression, and anxiety. Results Latent class analysis identified a normative class, an emotional problem class, and a multiple problem class. According to latent transition analysis, the majority of the sample (91.6%) did not change latent class membership over time; 14.7% of individuals showed a persistent pattern of mental health problems. Diagnoses of mental disorders were more likely to be reported by individuals in the emotional problem or multiple problem class.
Conclusions Results highlight the need for early prevention of mental health problems to avoid accumulation and manifestation in the transition to adolescence and young adulthood.
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Seo BK, Hwang IH, Sun Y, Chen J. Homeownership, Depression, and Life Satisfaction in China: The Gender and Urban-Rural Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14833. [PMID: 36429551 PMCID: PMC9690236 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how depression and life satisfaction are associated with assets in the form of homeownership in China and whether their relationships differ between men and women, and between urban and rural areas. While the psychological benefits of homeownership are well-documented, how gender makes a difference in this relationship remains unclear. Given the dynamic housing market conditions characterized by the urban-rural divide and the notable gender gap in psychological well-being, China can provide a relevant context to address this knowledge gap. A series of linear regression analyses based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data show that homeownership is positively associated with life satisfaction and negatively related to depression, and this relationship is driven by men. While the homeownership-life satisfaction relation does not differ between urban and rural areas, the negative association between homeownership and depression is seen only among rural residents. The gender difference could be explained by the salient role of the financial security obtained from homeownership, whereas the regional difference seems to be supported by the social comparison theory. This study contributes to the knowledge of how a biological determinant, i.e., gender, interacts with a social determinant, i.e., homeownership, to affect psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyong Seo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Centre for Social Policy and Social Entrepreneurship, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - In Hyee Hwang
- Department of Political Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Wu TCH, Maughan B, Moreno-Agostino D, Barker ED. Not in education, employment and training: pathways from toddler difficult temperament. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1234-1242. [PMID: 36001767 PMCID: PMC9403166 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youths disengaged from the education system and labour force (i.e. 'Not in Education, Employment, or Training' or 'NEET') are often at reduced capacity to flourish and thrive as adults. Developmental precursors to NEET status may extend back to temperamental features, though this - and possible mediators of such associations such as attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms and antisocial behaviours (ASB) - have yet to be directly tested. This study investigates if i) difficult temperament in toddlerhood associates with NEET status in adulthood and ii) different subdomains of ADHD (i.e. hyperactivity-impulsivity vs. inattention) in late childhood and ASB in adolescence partially explain this pathway. METHODS Participants were 6,240 mother-child dyads (60.7% female) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Mothers reported on their child's (a) difficult temperament (i.e. mood, intensity and adaptability) at age 2 and (b) ADHD symptoms at ages 8 and 10. Participants reported their own ASB at age 14 and NEET status in adulthood (ages 18, 20, 22 and 23). RESULTS First, higher levels of difficult temperament in toddlerhood directly associated with an increased probability of being NEET in adulthood. Second, this effect was carried through hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not inattention, in late childhood, and ASB in adolescence; this demonstrates differential contribution to the pathway between the ADHD dimensions, with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity playing a prominent role. CONCLUSIONS Early difficult temperament is a vulnerability factor for NEET status in adulthood. Our findings suggest that one developmental pathway for this vulnerability manifests through increased hyperactivity-impulsivity in childhood and ASB in adolescence. Of note, difficult temperament, as measured here, reflects difficulties in emotional and behavioural self-control (e.g. low adaptability and high intensity negative emotional expressions). Our results, therefore, suggest a prominent developmental role for lack of self-control from toddlerhood onwards in increasing risk for NEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C.-H. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dario Moreno-Agostino
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D. Barker
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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13
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Psychopathological symptoms as precursors of depressive symptoms in adolescence: a prospective analysis of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1627-1639. [PMID: 35426507 PMCID: PMC9288954 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in adolescence, highlighting the need for early identification of precursors. Research into psychopathological symptoms predicting depressive psychopathology in adolescents is therefore of great relevance. Moreover, given that the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in adolescence shows marked differences between girls and boys, insight into potential sex-specific differences in precursors is important. METHODS This study examined the relationships between emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, and difficulties in prosocial behaviour at age 10 (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 (Depression Screener for Teenagers). Using data from 2824 participants of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts, the association of each SDQ subscale at age 10 years with the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 years was analyzed using sex-specific logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Emotional problems [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, p = 0.002 for boys and OR 1.77, p < 0.001 for girls] and peer problems (OR 2.62, p < 0.001 for boys, OR 1.91, p = 0.001 for girls) at age 10 showed an increased risk for the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15. Additionally, boys with conduct problems at age 10 were at greater risk of showing depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR 2.50, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Based on the identified prospective relationships in our study, it might be of particular importance to tailor prevention approaches during childhood to peer and emotional problems to reduce the risk of depressive psychopathology in adolescence. Moreover, particularly in boys, it seems important to also target conduct problems in childhood as a precursor of depressive symptoms in the adolescent period.
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14
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Temcheff CE, Martin-Storey A, Lemieux A, Latimer E, Déry M. Trajectories of medical service use among girls and boys with and without early-onset conduct problems. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:915991. [PMID: 36684010 PMCID: PMC9846218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with conduct problems (CP) have been found to be heavy and costly medical service users in adulthood. However, there is little knowledge on how medical service use develops during childhood and adolescence among youth with and without childhood CP. Knowing whether differences in developmental trajectories of medical service use for specific types of problems (e.g., injuries) are predicted by childhood CP would help clinicians identify developmental periods during which they might intensify interventions for young people with CP in order to prevent later problems and associated increased service use. METHODS Participants were drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study of boys and girls with and without childhood CP as rated by parents and teachers. Medical service use was assessed using administrative data from a public single payer health plan. Latent growth modeling was used to estimate the mean trajectory of four types of medical visits (psychiatric, injury-related, preventative, total visits) across time and evaluate the effect of CP and other covariates. RESULTS Support the hypothesis that early CP predicts higher medical service use at nine years old, and that this difference persists in a chronic manner over time, even when controlling the effects of ADHD and family income. Girls had fewer medical visits for psychiatric reasons than boys at baseline, but this difference diminished over time. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware that childhood CP already predicts increased medical service use in elementary school. Issues specific to different contexts in which injuries might occur and sex differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexa Martin-Storey
- Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Lemieux
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Latimer
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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15
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Rosa-Justicia M, Saam MC, Flamarique I, Borràs R, Naaijen J, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ, Banaschewski T, Aggensteiner P, Craig MC, Sethi A, Santosh P, Sagar-Ouriaghli I, Arango C, Penzol MJ, Brandeis D, Werhahn JE, Glennon JC, Franke B, Zwiers MP, Buitelaar JK, Schulze UME, Castro-Fornieles J. Subgrouping children and adolescents with disruptive behaviors: symptom profiles and the role of callous-unemotional traits. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:51-66. [PMID: 33147348 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Disruptive behavior during childhood and adolescence is heterogeneous and associated with several psychiatric disorders. The identification of more homogeneous subgroups might help identify different underlying pathways and tailor treatment strategies. Children and adolescents (aged 8-18) with disruptive behaviors (N = 121) and healthy controls (N = 100) were included in a European multi-center cognition and brain imaging study. They were assessed via a battery of standardized semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. K-means cluster-model analysis was carried out to identify subgroups within the group with disruptive behaviors, based on clinical symptom profiles, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and proactive and reactive aggression. The resulting subgroups were then compared to healthy controls with regard to these clinical variables. Three distinct subgroups were found within the group with disruptive behaviors. The High CU Traits subgroup presented elevated scores for CU traits, proactive aggression and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms, as well as a higher proportion of comorbidities (CD + oppositional defiant disorder + attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ADHD and Affective Dysregulation subgroup showed elevated scores for internalizing and ADHD symptoms, as well as a higher proportion of females. The Low Severity subgroup had relatively low levels of psychopathology and aggressive behavior compared to the other two subgroups. The High CU Traits subgroup displayed more antisocial behaviors than the Low Severity subgroup, but did not differ when compared to the ADHD and Affective Dysregulation subgroup. All three subgroups differed significantly from the healthy controls in all the variables analyzed. The present study extends previous findings on subgrouping children and adolescents with disruptive behaviors using a multidimensional approach and describes levels of anxiety, affective problems, ADHD, proactive aggression and CU traits as key factors that differentiate conclusively between subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Rosa-Justicia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melanie C Saam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Itziar Flamarique
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR881, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borràs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Penzol
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia E Werhahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike M E Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Black M, Barnes A, Strong M, Brook A, Ray A, Holden B, Foster C, Taylor-Robinson D. Relationships between Child Development at School Entry and Adolescent Health-A Participatory Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11613. [PMID: 34770127 PMCID: PMC8582847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between child development and adolescent health, and how this may be modified by socio-economic conditions, is poorly understood. This limits cross-sector interventions to address adolescent health inequality. This review summarises evidence on the associations between child development at school starting age and subsequent health in adolescence and identifies factors affecting associations. We undertook a participatory systematic review, searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA and ERIC) for articles published between November 1990 and November 2020. Observational, intervention and review studies reporting a measure of child development and subsequent health outcomes, specifically weight and mental health, were included. Studies were individually and collectively assessed for quality using a comparative rating system of stronger, weaker, inconsistent or limited evidence. Associations between child development and adolescent health outcomes were assessed and reported by four domains of child development (socio-emotional, cognitive, language and communication, and physical development). A conceptual diagram, produced with stakeholders at the outset of the study, acted as a framework for narrative synthesis of factors that modify or mediate associations. Thirty-four studies were included. Analysis indicated stronger evidence of associations between measures of socio-emotional development and subsequent mental health and weight outcomes; in particular, positive associations between early externalising behaviours and later internalising and externalising, and negative associations between emotional wellbeing and later internalising and unhealthy weight. For all other domains of child development, although associations with subsequent health were positive, the evidence was either weaker, inconsistent or limited. There was limited evidence on factors that altered associations. Positive socio-emotional development at school starting age appears particularly important for subsequent mental health and weight in adolescence. More collaborative research across health and education is needed on other domains of development and on the mechanisms that link development and later health, and on how any relationship is modified by socio-economic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Black
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Amy Barnes
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Mark Strong
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Anna Brook
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Anna Ray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Ben Holden
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Clare Foster
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - David Taylor-Robinson
- Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK;
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Lau MA, Temcheff CE, Poirier M, Bégin V, Commisso M, Déry M. School dropout: The role of childhood conduct problems and depressive symptoms. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A. Lau
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Caroline E. Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Martine Poirier
- Department of Educational Science Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Bégin
- School of Criminology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Melissa Commisso
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Department of Psychoeducation, Faculty of Education Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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18
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Tomasiello M, Temcheff CE, Martin-Storey A, Bégin V, Poirier M, Déry M. Self and parent-reported sleep problems of adolescents with childhood conduct problems and comorbid psychological problems. J Adolesc 2021; 92:165-176. [PMID: 34547674 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood conduct problems (CP) are characterized by maladaptive externalizing behaviors and are linked with poor sleep. CP are highly comorbid with other psychological problems, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression, which are also associated with disturbed sleep. The present study examined if childhood CP and comorbid depressive and/or attentional-hyperactivity problems were prospectively associated with parent and self-reported sleep difficulties in adolescence. METHODS Participants (N = 744; 53% boys) from an ongoing longitudinal study in Québec, Canada were assessed for CP and comorbidities when they were between 6 and 9 years old. Participants were classified as without CP, CP only, CP and depressive symptoms, CP and attention-hyperactivity problems, or CP, depressive symptoms, and attention-hyperactivity problems. Regressions were conducted to examine the associations between comorbidity groups, parent, and self-reported sleep problems 7 years later (Median age = 15.33 years), controlling for sex, age, family income, primary caregiver education and medication. RESULTS Adolescents in all CP groups had higher self and parent-reported sleep problems compared to adolescents without histories of CP. Adolescents with histories of CP, depressive symptoms and attention-hyperactivity problems had more sleep problems than all other groups according to self-reports, but not parent-reports. CONCLUSION Childhood CP was prospectively linked to sleep problems in adolescence, and comorbid conditions exacerbated these problems, according to youth but not parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Tomasiello
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Education Building, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Caroline Elizabeth Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Education Building, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Alexa Martin-Storey
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention sur les adaptations sociales de l'enfance, Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon A7, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Vincent Bégin
- Research group on psychosocial maladjustment in children, School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, 3150 Jean-Brillant, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Martine Poirier
- Département de Secteur Disciplinaire des Sciences de L'éducation, Université Du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
| | - Michèle Déry
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention sur les adaptations sociales de l'enfance, Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon A7, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Seo BK, Park GR. Housing, Living Arrangements and Mental Health of Young Adults in Independent Living. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105250. [PMID: 34069214 PMCID: PMC8156951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Young adults are prone to psychological stress and anxiety induced by major transitions to adulthood. While employment has predominated in previous research on the social determinants of young people’s mental health, this study examines the association between young people’s housing problems and mental health in the context of an unaffordable housing market. Using the Survey on the Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Youths (n = 1308) in Korea, the study found that perceived poor housing quality and material hardship are negatively associated with the mental health of young adults living independently. Specifically, while poor housing quality and material hardship induced by housing cost burden were negatively associated with single-person households’ mental health, only poor housing quality was associated with non-single-person households’ mental health. This study is one of the few studies examining the linkage between housing problems and mental health of young adults and informs the interventions aimed at promoting the psychological well-being of young adults in the transition from parents’ homes to independent living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyong Seo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Correspondence:
| | - Gum-Ryeong Park
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Department of Health Care Policy Research, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong 30147, Korea
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Understanding trajectories of externalizing problems: Stability and emergence of risk factors from infancy to middle adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:264-283. [PMID: 32366334 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to understand the processes that underlie the development of externalizing behavior problems, it is still unclear why externalizing problems remain chronically high for some children, emerge early and cease by late childhood for others, and arise in adolescence in some cases. The purpose of this study was to examine how a wide range of child and family risk factors are linked to trajectories of externalizing behavior and how these relationships vary from infancy to middle adolescence. We used data from the community-based Norwegian Tracking Opportunities and Problems (TOPP) study sample (n = 921). A Cholesky factorization model was specified to separate stable and emerging risk doses across four developmental periods (infancy, early and middle childhood, and middle adolescence). Children in the High Stable class were characterized by substantially elevated risk levels in multiple domains throughout the study period. Children in the High Childhood Limited class had very high levels of temperamental emotionality, internalizing symptoms, and maternal mental distress, suggesting a substantial intrinsic emotional basis for their externalizing problems. Intrinsic factors seemed less salient for the Adolescent Onset class. These findings emphasize the need for a dynamic perspective on risk factors and support the importance of prevention and intervention efforts across multiple domains from early childhood and throughout adolescence.
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21
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McCarthy EK, Murray DM, Hourihane JOB, Kenny LC, Irvine AD, Kiely ME. Behavioral consequences at 5 y of neonatal iron deficiency in a low-risk maternal-infant cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1032-1041. [PMID: 33515035 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is critical to the developing brain, but fetal iron accretion is compromised by several maternal and pregnancy-related factors. Little consideration has been given to the long-term neurologic consequences of neonatal iron deficiency, especially in generally healthy, low-risk populations. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between neonatal iron deficiency and neurologic development at 2 and 5 y of age. DESIGN We measured umbilical cord serum ferritin concentrations in the prospective maternal-infant Cork BASELINE (Babies after SCOPE: Evaluating the Longitudinal Impact Using Neurological and Nutritional Endpoints) Birth Cohort. Lifestyle and clinical data were collected from 15 weeks of gestation to 5 y of age. Standardized neurologic assessments were performed at 2 y [Bayley Scales of Infant Development/Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)] and 5 y (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test/CBCL). RESULTS Among 697 maternal-infant pairs, median (IQR) cord ferritin concentrations were 200.9 (139.0, 265.8) µg/L; 8% had neonatal iron deficiency (ferritin <76 µg/L). Using fully adjusted models, there was no association between neonatal iron deficiency and cognitive or behavioral outcomes at 2 or 5 y. We conducted an a priori sensitivity analysis in 306 high-risk children, selected using known risk factors for neonatal iron deficiency (smoking/obesity/cesarean section delivery/small-for-gestational age birth). In this high-risk subgroup, children with iron deficiency at birth (12%) had similar cognitive outcomes, but the behavioral assessments showed higher internalizing [9.0 (5.3, 12.0) compared with 5.0 (3.0, 10.0), P = 0.006; adjusted estimate (95% CI): 2.8 (0.5, 5.1), P = 0.015] and total [24.5 (15.3, 40.8) compared with 16.0 (10.0, 30.0), P = 0.009; adjusted estimate (95% CI): 6.6 (0.1, 13.1), P = 0.047] problem behavior scores at 5 y compared with those born iron sufficient. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated lasting behavioral consequences of neonatal iron deficiency in high-risk children from our generally healthy, low-risk maternal-infant cohort. Although larger investigations are warranted, this study provides strong association data to suggest that interventions and strategies targeting the fetal and neonatal period should be prioritized for the prevention of iron deficiency and associated neurologic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine K McCarthy
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jonathan O B Hourihane
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan D Irvine
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mairead E Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
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Bilgiç A, Uzun N, Işık Ü, Açıkel SB, Çoşkun F, Akça ÖF. The relationships of parent- and child-related psychiatric conditions with oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms in children with ADHD. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.1894938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Bilgiç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Necati Uzun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ümit Işık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Çoşkun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Dedousis-Wallace A, Drysdale SA, McAloon J, Ollendick TH. Parental and Familial Predictors and Moderators of Parent Management Treatment Programs for Conduct Problems in Youth. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 24:92-119. [PMID: 33074467 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the established efficacy of Parent Management Training (PMT) for conduct problems in youth, evidence suggests that up to half of all treated youth still display clinical levels of disruptive behavior post-treatment. The reasons for these unsatisfactory outcomes are poorly understood. The aim of the present review was to provide an updated analysis of studies from the past 15 years that examined parental and familial predictors and moderators of improvement in PMT for conduct problems. A systematic literature review of indicated prevention (children with conduct problem symptoms) and intervention (children with clinical diagnoses) studies published between 2004 and 2019 was conducted. This 15-year time period was examined since the last systematic reviews were reported in 2006 and summarized studies completed through mid-2004 (see Lundahl et al. in Clin Psychol Rev 26(1):86-104, 2006; Reyno and McGrath in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47(1):99-111, 2006). Risk of bias indices was also computed (see Higgins et al. in Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), University of Bristol, Bristol, 2016) in our review. A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that a positive parent-child relationship was most strongly associated with better outcomes; however, little additional consistency in findings was evident. Future PMT research should routinely examine predictors and moderators that are both conceptually and empirically associated with treatment outcomes. This would further our understanding of factors that are associated with poorer treatment outcome and inform the development of treatment components or modes of delivery that might likely enhance evidence-based treatments and our clinical science. Protocol Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42017058996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dedousis-Wallace
- The Kidman Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sophia A Drysdale
- The Kidman Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - John McAloon
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas H Ollendick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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24
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Just a phase? Mapping the transition of behavioural problems from childhood to adolescence. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:821-836. [PMID: 33569649 PMCID: PMC8068698 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young people change substantially between childhood and adolescence. Yet, the current description of behavioural problems does not incorporate any reference to the developmental context. In the current analysis, we aimed to identify common transitions of behavioural problems between childhood and adolescence. METHOD We followed 6744 individuals over 6 years as they transitioned from childhood (age 10) into adolescence (age 16). At each stage, we used a data-driven hierarchical clustering method to identify common profiles of behavioural problems, map transitions between profiles and identify factors that predict specific transitions. RESULTS Common profiles of behavioural problems matched known comorbidity patterns but crucially showed that the presentation of behavioural problems changes markedly between childhood and adolescence. While problems with hyperactivity/impulsivity, motor control and conduct were prominent in childhood, adolescents showed profiles of problems related to emotional control, anxiety and inattention. Transitions were associated with socio-economic status and cognitive performance in childhood CONCLUSION: We show that understanding behavioural difficulties and mental ill-health must take into account the developmental context in which the problems occur, and we establish key risk factors for specific negative transitions as children become adolescents.
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Early childhood internalizing problems, externalizing problems and their co-occurrence and (mal)adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood: a 16-year follow-up study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:193-206. [PMID: 32964254 PMCID: PMC7870752 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A vast amount of studies suggest that internalizing or externalizing problems are related to individual functioning, and often co-occur. Yet, a focus on their additive and interactive effects is scarce. Furthermore, most research has focused on a limited number of developmental domains and mostly on maladaptive functioning. Therefore, the current prospective study examined whether early childhood (ages 4-8) internalizing and externalizing problems and their interaction were related to a broad range of (mal)adaptive functioning outcomes in emerging adulthood (ages 20-24). METHODS Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality and Development were used. At Time 1 (1999) mothers of 374 children (45% boys) and fathers of 357 children (46% boys) rated internalizing and externalizing problems through the Child Behavior Checklist. Outcomes in emerging adulthood were measured through self-reports 16 years later across the following domains: psychological functioning, social functioning, work, physical health, and self-concept. RESULTS Early externalizing problems were related to maladaptive outcomes on the psychological and social domains. With regard to adaptive functioning, externalizing problems were associated with lower satisfaction regarding general health on the physical domain. Early internalizing problems were not associated with any emerging adulthood outcomes. The interaction of (father reported) internalizing and externalizing problems was related to aggressive behavior. CONCLUSION Early childhood externalizing problems were associated with maladaptive and adaptive functioning over a time span of 16 years. The results add to studies on the implementation of prevention and intervention programs in early childhood and to the value for developing personalized interventions.
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Kerekes N, Zouini B, Karlsson E, Cederholm E, Lichtenstein P, Anckarsäter H, Råstam M. Conduct disorder and somatic health in children: a nationwide genetically sensitive study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:595. [PMID: 33334305 PMCID: PMC7745474 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-03003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conduct disorder (CD), a serious behavioral and emotional disorder in childhood and adolescence, characterized by disruptive behavior and breaking societal rules. Studies have explored the overlap of CD with neurodevelopmental problems (NDP). The somatic health of children with NDP has been investigated; however, the prevalence of these problems in children with CD has not been sufficiently studied. Holistic assessment of children with CD is required for establishing effective treatment strategies. AIMS (1) Define the prevalence of selected neurological problems (migraine and epilepsy) and gastrointestinal problems (celiac disease, lactose intolerance, diarrhea, and constipation) in a population of twins aged 9 or 12; (2) Compare the prevalence of somatic problems in three subpopulations: (a) children without CD or NDP, (b) children with CD, and (c) children with both CD and NDP; (3) Select twin pairs where at least one child screened positive for CD but not NDP (proband) and map both children's neurological and gastrointestinal problems. METHOD Telephone interviews with parents of 20,302 twins in a cross-sectional, nationwide, ongoing study. According to their scores on the Autism-Tics, AD/HD, and Comorbidities inventory, screen-positive children were selected and divided into two groups: (1) children with CD Only, (2) children with CD and at least one NDP. RESULTS Children with CD had an increased prevalence of each neurological and gastrointestinal problem (except celiac disease), and the prevalence of somatic problems was further increased among children with comorbid CD and NDP. The presence of CD (without NDP) increased the odds of constipation for girls and the odds of epilepsy for boys. Girls with CD generally had more coexisting gastrointestinal problems than boys with CD. Female co-twins of probands with CD were strongly affected by gastrointestinal problems. Concordance analyses suggested genetic background factors in neurological and gastrointestinal problems, but no common etiology with CD could be concluded. CONCLUSION Co-occurring NDP could explain most of the increased prevalence of somatic problems in CD. Our results raise a new perspective on CD in children and adolescents; their CD seems to be linked to a number of other health problems, ranging from neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders to somatic complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
| | - Btissame Zouini
- grid.251700.10000 0001 0675 7133Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Emma Karlsson
- grid.477667.30000 0004 0624 1008Department of Surgery, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Emma Cederholm
- Addiction Center, Saint Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Råstam
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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The Relationship between Flourishing and Depression in Children in the U.S. Using a Socioecological Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218246. [PMID: 33171644 PMCID: PMC7664657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children's flourishing is likely to be associated with achieving a positive mental and physical quality of life, which is considered as an important factor for helping children to overcome psychological adversity during the critical stage of emotional development. This study examined the relationships between children's flourishing and childhood depression. This was a cross-sectional study using the 2011-2012 National Children's Health Survey in the U.S. The conceptual framework that guided this study was a modified ecological system theory model. Multiple regressions were performed to investigate the associations between flourishing and pediatric depression, controlling for demographics, physical activity-related behaviors, family and environmental conditions. A total of 45,309 children (representing 33,293,823 children at the population level) were identified in this study (mean age: 13.63 years; female: 48.7%). Children's childhood depression was highly related to direct parenting functions, individual needs and environmental availabilities and accessibilities from a socioecological perspective. This study revealed multiple dimensions of how sociological factors influence children's flourishing and mental health. Parents' involvement in children's physical activities and family and social support are crucial for children's flourishing and mental health status. More attention needs to be paid to provide children with family and social support to help them to overcome and reduce childhood depression.
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Gardner W, Nicholls SG, Reid GJ, Hutton B, Hamel C, Sikora L, Salamatmanesh M, Duncan L, Georgiades K, Gilliland J. A protocol for a scoping review of equity measurement in mental health care for children and youth. Syst Rev 2020; 9:233. [PMID: 33028412 PMCID: PMC7542722 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health (MH) problems are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality for children and youth. Problems of lack of equity in child and youth MH services (CYMHS)-including, but not limited to, problems in inaccessibility and quality of services-are widespread. Characterizing the nature of equity in CYMHS is an ongoing challenge because the field lacks a consistent approach to conceptualizing equity. We will conduct a scoping review of how equity in MH services for children and youth has been defined, operationalized, and measured. Our objectives are to discover: (1) What conceptual definitions of equity are used by observational studies of CYMHS?; (2) What service characteristics of CYMHS care do indices of equity cover?; (3) What population dimensions have been used to operationalize equity?; (4) What statistical constructs have been used in indices that measure CYMHS equity?; and (5) What were the numerical values of those indices? METHODS The following databases will be searched: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, CINAHL, EconLit, and Sociological Abstracts. Searches will be conducted from the date of inception to the end of the last full calendar year (December 2019). Studies will be included if they include an evaluation of a mental health service for children or youth (defined as those under 19 years of age) and which quantify variation in some aspect of child or youth mental health services (e.g., accessibility, volume, duration, or quality) as a function of socio-demographic and/or geographic variables. Study selection will occur over two stages. Stage one will select articles based on title and abstract using the liberal-accelerated method. Stage two will review the full texts of selected titles. Two reviewers will work independently on full-text reviewing, with each study screened twice using pre-specified eligibility criteria. One reviewer will chart study characteristics and indices to be verified by a second reviewer. Reviewers will resolve full-text screening and data extraction disagreements through discussion. Synthesis of the collected data will focus on compiling and mapping the types and characteristics of the indices used to evaluate MH services equity. DISCUSSION The planned, systematic scoping review will survey the literature regarding how equity in MH services for children and youth has been operationalized and help inform future studies of equity in CYMHS. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Foundation ID SYSR-D-19-00371, https://osf.io/58srv/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gardner
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Graham J. Reid
- Departments of Psychology, Family Medicine & Paediatrics, Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Candyce Hamel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Lindsey Sikora
- Library, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Laura Duncan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Jason Gilliland
- Departments of Geography, Paediatrics, Health Studies, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
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Adolescent Enrollment in Psychosocial Care: Do Parents Make a Difference? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197066. [PMID: 32992560 PMCID: PMC7579495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) is frequently unequally distributed. Parents may play a role in the access to this care. Therefore, the aim was to explore the association between parental characteristics and their adolescent's enrollment in psychosocial care. We used data from the Care4Youth cohort study. Our sample consisted of 446 adolescents (mean age 13.22 years, 48% boys) and 382 parents (mean age 42.95 years, 14% males). EBP combined with enrollment created four groups: 1, no EBP/no care; 2, no EBP/care; 3, EBP/no care; 4, EBP/care. We assessed differences in parental characteristics among the groups. Group 2 had a significantly lower socioeconomic position (p < 0.01), more psychological distress (p < 0.001), poorer supervision (p < 0.001) and lower family social support (p < 0.05) than Group 1. Group 4 had a significantly lower socioeconomic position (p < 0.01) and poorer supervision (p < 0.001) than Group 1. Group 3 had significantly poorer supervision (p < 0.001) than Group 4. The poor supervision in Group 3 requires attention, as these adolescents receive no care. The quality of parental supervision should be addressed generally, e.g., by providing better parenting support and more parental training.
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Gutierrez-Galve L, Stein A, Hanington L, Heron J, Lewis G, O’Farrelly C, Ramchandani PG. Association of Maternal and Paternal Depression in the Postnatal Period With Offspring Depression at Age 18 Years. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:290-296. [PMID: 30586134 PMCID: PMC6439819 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Paternal depression during the postnatal period has been associated with adverse child outcomes. Family environment has been reported as a pathway for risk transmission from fathers to children. The influence of paternal depression during the postnatal period on offspring depression remains to be clarified. Objective To investigate the association between paternal depression in the postnatal period and offspring depression and explore potential mediating and moderating factors that influence any association between paternal and offspring depression. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective study of a UK community-based birth cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) of parents and their adolescent offspring investigated associations between paternal depression during the postnatal period and offspring depression at age 18 years. We tested a hypothesized moderator (ie, sex) and conducted path analysis to examine hypothesized mediators (ie, depression in the other parent, couple conflict, and paternal involvement and emotional problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity in offspring at age 3.5 years) of the associations between both paternal and maternal depression and offspring depression. Data collection for the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children began in 1991 and is ongoing. Data analysis for this study was conducted from June 2015 to September 2018. Exposures Depression symptoms in fathers at 8 weeks after the birth of their children. Main Outcomes and Measures Offspring depression symptoms at age 18 years, using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes. Results A total of 3176 father-offspring pairs were analyzed; of the children, 1764 were girls (55.5%) and 1412 (44.5%) were boys. Paternal mean (SD) age at delivery was 29.6 (9.6) years. The offspring of fathers who had depression during the postnatal period were at increased risk of experiencing depression symptoms at age 18 years (β = 0.053 [95% CI, 0.02-0.09]). The association is mediated by maternal depression at 8 months after birth (β = 0.011 [95% CI, 0.0008-0.02]; 21% [0.011/0.053]) and conduct problems at 42 months after birth (β = 0.004; [95% CI , -0.00004 to 0.009]; 7.5% [0.004/0.053]). Couple conflict and paternal involvement do not mediate this association. The increased risk is seen in girls but not boys (interaction β = 0.095; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance The association between paternal depression in the postnatal period and depression in girls at age 18 years is partially explained by maternal depression. Couple conflict and paternal involvement were not found to play a role in the risk of transmission; this contrasts with the role that couple conflict was found to play in the risk of childhood behavior problems. Conduct problems in childhood appear to be a pathway for risk transmission between paternal depression and subsequent depression in offspring at age 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hanington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Heron
- University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine O’Farrelly
- The Centre for Psychiatry, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Ramchandani
- The Centre for Psychiatry, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Adult outcomes of childhood disruptive disorders in offspring of depressed and healthy parents. J Affect Disord 2019; 244:107-112. [PMID: 30340098 PMCID: PMC6434691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies of children with disruptive disorders (DDs) have shown high rates of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and substance use in adulthood, but few have examined the contribution of parental disorders. We examine child-/adulthood outcomes of DDs in offspring, whose biological parents did not have a history of ASPD, bipolar disorder, or substance use disorders. METHOD Offspring (N = 267) of parents with or without major depression (MDD), but no ASPD or bipolar disorders were followed longitudinally over 33 years, and associations between DDs and psychiatric and functional outcomes were tested. RESULTS Eighty-nine (33%) offspring had a DD. Those with, compared to without DDs, had higher rates of MDD (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.42, p < 0.0001), bipolar disorder (AOR = 3.10, p = 0.03), and substance use disorders (AOR = 5.69, p < 0.0001) by age 18, as well as poorer school performance and global functioning. DDs continued to predict MDD and substance use outcomes in adulthood, even after accounting for presence of the corresponding disorder in childhood (MDD: hazards ratio, HR = 3.25, p < 0.0001; SUD, HR = 2.52, p < 0.0001). Associations were similar among the offspring of parents with and without major depression. DDs did not predict adulthood ASPD in either group. LIMITATIONS Associations are largely accounted for by conduct disorder (CD), as there were few offspring with ADHD, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) was not diagnosed at the time this study began. CONCLUSION If there is no familial risk for ASPD, bipolar disorder or substance use, childhood DDs do not lead to ASPD in adulthood; however, the children still have poorer prognosis into midlife. Early treatment of children with DD, particularly CD, while carefully considering familial risk for these disorders, may help mitigate later adversity.
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Paclikova K, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Filakovska Bobakova D, Palfiova M, Madarasova Geckova A. What role do family composition and functioning play in emotional and behavioural problems among adolescent boys and girls? Int J Public Health 2018; 64:209-217. [PMID: 30467576 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to explore the associations of family composition, family support and communication with emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents as well as a possible moderating effect of gender on these associations. METHODS Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia were used. The final sample consisted of 2908 students (mean age 14.36; 49.7% boys). We explored the association using generalized linear models. RESULTS We found that non-intact family was significantly associated with a higher score in emotional and behavioural problems. Family support and communication were found to be significantly associated with a lower score in emotional and behavioural problems. Significant interactions of gender and family communication with emotional and behavioural problems were found, showing that family communication decreased emotional and behavioural problems only in girls. CONCLUSIONS Family composition, family support and communication play an important role in the occurrence of emotional and behavioural problems in adolescence. Family communication lowers these problems only in girls. Prevention and intervention programmes could be focused on parent-child communication strategies with the importance of differences in the needs of boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Paclikova
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic. .,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Filakovska Bobakova
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Palfiova
- Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Bevilacqua L, Hale D, Barker ED, Viner R. Conduct problems trajectories and psychosocial outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1239-1260. [PMID: 28983792 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that youth who follow the early onset persistent (EOP), adolescent-onset (AO) and childhood-limited (CL) trajectories of conduct problems show varying patterns of health, mental health, educational, and social outcomes in adulthood. However, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on outcomes associated with different conduct problems trajectories. We systematically reviewed the literature of longitudinal studies considering outcomes of three conduct problems trajectories: EOP, AO, and CL compared with individuals with low levels of conduct problems (low). We performed a series of meta-analyses comparing each trajectory to the low group for eight different outcomes in early adulthood or later. Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Outcomes were mental health (depression), cannabis use, alcohol use, self-reported aggression, official records of antisocial behaviour, poor general health, poor education, and poor employment. Overall, EOP individuals showed significant higher risk of poor outcome followed by AO individuals, CL individuals, and finally participants in the low group. All conduct problems trajectories showed higher risk of poor psychosocial outcomes compared to the low group, but the magnitude of risk differed across trajectories, with a general trend for the EOP to perform significantly worse, followed by the AO and CL. Early intervention is recommended across domains to maximise likelihood of desistance from antisocial behaviour and improvement on several psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bevilacqua
- University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Daniel Hale
- School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Edward D Barker
- Department of Psychology, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Russell Viner
- University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Jones HJ, Heron J, Hammerton G, Stochl J, Jones PB, Cannon M, Smith GD, Holmans P, Lewis G, Linden DEJ, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Walters J, Zammit S. Investigating the genetic architecture of general and specific psychopathology in adolescence. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:145. [PMID: 30089819 PMCID: PMC6082910 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia and various phenotypic outcomes have been reported, an understanding of developmental pathways can only be gained by modelling comorbidity across psychopathology. We examine how genetic risk for schizophrenia relates to adolescent psychosis-related and internalizing psychopathology using a latent modelling approach, and compare this to genetic risk for other psychiatric disorders, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the developmental pathways at this age. PRSs for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, neuroticism and bipolar disorder were generated for individuals in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationships of these PRSs with psychopathology factors modelled within (i) a correlated factors structure and (ii) a bifactor structure. The schizophrenia PRS was associated with an increase in factors describing psychotic experiences, negative dimension, depression and anxiety, but, when modelling a general psychopathology factor based on these measures, specific effects above this persisted only for the negative dimension. Similar factor relationships were observed for the neuroticism PRS, with a (weak) specific effect only for anxiety once modelling general psychopathology. Psychopathology during adolescence can be described by a general psychopathology construct that captures common variance as well as by specific constructs capturing remaining non-shared variance. Schizophrenia risk genetic variants identified through genome-wide association studies mainly index negative rather than positive symptom psychopathology during adolescence. This has potentially important implications both for research and risk prediction in high-risk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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35
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Lätsch A. Does perceived stress moderate the association between depressive symptoms and socioemotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties in adolescence? Stress Health 2018; 34:208-217. [PMID: 28730634 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
More and more students report high level of perceived stress during childhood and adolescence, which is associated with socioemotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties. This study aims-based on the cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory-to examine perceived stress in early adolescence as a potential moderator in the association between depressive symptoms and socioemotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties from early to middle adolescence. Results of latent moderated structural equations with questionnaire data from a longitudinal study with 1,088 German students (Time 1: Mage = 13.70, SD = 0.53; Time 2: N = 845, Mage = 15.32, SD = 0.49) indicate that perceived stress functions as a moderator in the above-mentioned association and dominates the interaction if perceived strongly.
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Ogundele MO. Behavioural and emotional disorders in childhood: A brief overview for paediatricians. World J Clin Pediatr 2018; 7:9-26. [PMID: 29456928 PMCID: PMC5803568 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v7.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems in children and adolescents include several types of emotional and behavioural disorders, including disruptive, depression, anxiety and pervasive developmental (autism) disorders, characterized as either internalizing or externalizing problems. Disruptive behavioural problems such as temper tantrums, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional, defiant or conduct disorders are the commonest behavioural problems in preschool and school age children. The routine Paediatric clinic or Family Medicine/General Practitioner surgery presents with several desirable characteristics that make them ideal for providing effective mental health services to children and adolescents. DSM-5 and ICD-10 are the universally accepted standard criteria for the classification of mental and behaviour disorders in childhood and adults. The age and gender prevalence estimation of various childhood behavioural disorders are variable and difficult to compare worldwide. A review of relevant published literature was conducted, including published meta-analyses and national guidelines. We searched for articles indexed by Ovid, PubMed, PubMed Medical Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Database of Abstracts and Reviews, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews and other online sources. The searches were conducted using a combination of search expressions including "childhood", "behaviour", "disorders" or "problems". Childhood behaviour and emotional problems with their related disorders have significant negative impacts on the individual, the family and the society. They are commonly associated with poor academic, occupational, and psychosocial functioning. It is important for all healthcare professionals, especially the Paediatricians to be aware of the range of presentation, prevention and management of the common mental health problems in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Ogundele
- Department of Community Paediatrics, NHS Fife, Glenwood Health Centre, Glenrothes KY6 1HK, United Kingdom
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37
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Gundel LK, Pedersen CB, Munk-Olsen T, Dalsgaard S. Longitudinal association between mental disorders in childhood and subsequent depression - A nationwide prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:56-64. [PMID: 29053976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression ranges among the most impairing mental disorders worldwide, and early detection is a global health priority. Little is known about the association between non-affective mental disorders in childhood/adolescence and later depression. METHODS Nationwide register-based prospective cohort study, estimating cumulative incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for later depression in individuals with and without non-affective mental disorders in early life. RESULTS 475,213 females and 484,813 males born 1990-2007 were followed for a mean of 9.14 years (contributing a total of 8778,331 person-years of observation). In the cohort, 7963 (5451 females) were diagnosed with depression. Depression was more common in individuals with prior non-affective mental disorders in adolescence (15.98% in females and 7.02% in males) and in childhood (4.98% in females and 1.6% in males), than in the background population (3.94% and 1.3% in females; 1.37% and 0.47% in males). Eating and anxiety disorders in childhood/adolescence carried the highest absolute risk of depression. The relative risk of depression was particularly high the first year after the first non-affective disorder (IRR = 15.5; 14.07-17.10), but remained highly elevated more than five years after the first non-affective diagnosis (IRR = 2.05; 1.84-2.28), when compared to young people without such disorders. LIMITATIONS This study only included diagnoses given at hospital departments, representing the more severe mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with non-affective mental disorders were at substantially increased absolute and relative risk of developing depression in young adulthood, especially females diagnosed with anxiety- or eating disorders in adolescence. These findings may help identify groups of children and adolescents at very high risk of developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Krarup Gundel
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, CIRRAU, Denmark.
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, CIRRAU, Denmark; Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway.
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38
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Intergenerational Continuity in Depression: The Importance of Time-Varying Effects, Maternal Co-morbid Health Risk Behaviors and Child's Gender. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2143-2168. [PMID: 29330733 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intergenerational continuity in depressive symptoms is well established between mother and child, but there are still important facets of this relationship that are underexplored. We examine intergenerational continuity in depressive symptoms between mother-child dyads as a flexible function of child age and account for the potential moderating role of maternal co-morbid health risk behaviors. Using prospective, self-report data collected yearly from 413 mother-child dyads (210 mother-son dyads and 203 mother-daughter dyads) between child ages 12-17, the results indicate that the effect of maternal depressive symptoms on daughters' depressive symptoms steadily increases throughout adolescence whereas the effect of maternal depressive symptoms on sons' depressive symptoms is relatively small, stable, and non-significant during mid-adolescence before increasing in effect in later adolescence. A positive interactive effect between maternal depressive symptoms and intimate partner violence is observed for sons and maternal depressive symptoms and substance use for daughters. A negative interactive effect of maternal depressive symptoms and substance use is observed among sons. Overall, this study identifies particular subgroups for whom intervention programming is most beneficial and suggests targeting health risk behaviors of mothers to lessen the impact of maternal depressive symptoms on offspring.
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Mahedy L, Hammerton G, Teyhan A, Edwards AC, Kendler KS, Moore SC, Hickman M, Macleod J, Heron J. Parental alcohol use and risk of behavioral and emotional problems in offspring. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178862. [PMID: 28586358 PMCID: PMC5460848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The majority of studies that have examined parental alcohol use and offspring outcomes have either focused on exposure in the antenatal period or from clinical populations. This study sought to examine proximal and distal associations between parental alcohol use and offspring conduct problems and depressive symptoms in a population birth cohort. METHODS We used prospective data from a large UK based population cohort (ALSPAC) to investigate the association between parental alcohol use, measured in units, (assessed at ages 4 and 12 years) with childhood conduct trajectories, (assessed on six occasions from 4 to 13.5 years, n = 6,927), and adolescent depressive symptoms (assessed on four occasions from ~13 to ~18 years, n = 5,539). Heavy drinking was defined as ≥21 units per week in mothers and partners who drank 4+ units daily. RESULTS We found little evidence to support a dose response association between parental alcohol use and offspring outcomes. For example, we found insufficient evidence to support an association between maternal alcohol use at age 4 years and childhood conduct problems (childhood limited: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = .99, 1.01; adolescent onset: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = .98, 1.00; and early-onset persistent: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = .98, 1.00) per 1-unit change in maternal alcohol use compared to those with low levels of conduct problems. We also found insufficient evidence to support an association between maternal alcohol use at age 4 years and adolescent depressive symptoms (intercept: b = .001, 95% CI = -.01, .01, and slope: b = .003, 95% CI = -.03, .03) per 1-unit change in maternal alcohol use. Results remained consistent across amount of alcohol consumed (i.e., number of alcohol units or heavy alcohol use), parent (maternal self-reports or maternal reports of partner's alcohol use), and timing of alcohol use (assessed at age 4 or age 12 years). CONCLUSIONS There is no support for an association between parental alcohol use during childhood and conduct and emotional problems during childhood or adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mahedy
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Teyhan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Medicine, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Medicine, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Simon C. Moore
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John Macleod
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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40
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Koukounari A, Stringaris A, Maughan B. Pathways from maternal depression to young adult offspring depression: an exploratory longitudinal mediation analysis. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2017; 26:e1520. [PMID: 27469020 PMCID: PMC5484332 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal depression in the peri-natal period is associated with increased risk for young adult depression in offspring. This study explored mediation of these links via trajectories of child conduct and emotional problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) from ages 4-16 years old in data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort (n = 13373). Through gender-specific structural equation models, a composite measure of exposure to early maternal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), predicted young adult depression at age 18 (Revised Clinical Interview Schedule - distal outcome). Mediational effects were then estimated by testing which parts of joint piecewise latent trajectory models for child/adolescent conduct and emotional problems were associated with both exposure and distal outcome. For girls, only conduct problems in early childhood were consistently indicated to mediate effects of early maternal depression on risk of young adulthood depression. Some evidence for a pathway via changing levels of childhood and adolescent emotional difficulties was also suggested. For boys, by contrast, the differing models gave less consistent findings providing some evidence for a small time-specific indirect effect via early childhood conduct problems. In addition to its practice implications the current methodological application offers considerable potential in exploratory longitudinal developmental mediation studies. © 2016 The Authors International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Koukounari
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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41
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Berk L, Hallam KT, Venugopal K, Lewis AJ, Austin DW, Kulkarni J, Dodd S, de Castella A, Fitzgerald PB, Berk M. Impact of irritability: a 2-year observational study of outpatients with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:184-197. [PMID: 28470892 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many people experience irritability when manic, hypomanic, or depressed, yet its impact on illness severity and quality of life in bipolar and schizoaffective disorders is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the relationship between irritability and symptom burden, functioning, quality of life, social support, suicidality, and overall illness severity in a naturalistic cohort of people with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder. METHODS We used data from 239 adult outpatients with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder in the Bipolar Comprehensive Outcomes Study (BCOS) - a non-interventional observational study with a 2-year follow-up period. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants with and without irritability were compared. A mixed-model repeated measures analysis was conducted to examine the longitudinal effect of irritability on clinical and quality-of-life variables over follow-up using significant baseline variables. RESULTS At baseline, 54% of participants were irritable. Baseline irritability was associated with illness severity, mania, depression, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, poor functioning, and quality of life, but not diagnosis (schizoaffective/bipolar disorder). Participants with irritability were less likely to have a partner and perceived less adequate social support. On average, over follow-up, those with irritability reported more symptoms, functional impairment, and suicidality. Furthermore, the effects of irritability could not be fully explained by illness severity. CONCLUSIONS Irritability was associated with more negative symptomatic, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes and suicidality. The identification, monitoring, and targeted treatment of irritability may be worth considering, to enhance health and wellbeing outcomes for adults with bipolar and schizoaffective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Melbourne School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Karen T Hallam
- Department of Psychology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kamalesh Venugopal
- South Australian Department for Health and Ageing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew James Lewis
- School of Psychology & Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - David W Austin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia
| | - Jayashri Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Anthony de Castella
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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42
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Bilgiç A, Tufan AE, Yılmaz S, Özcan Ö, Özmen S, Öztop D, Türkoğlu S, Akça ÖF, Yar A, Işık Ü, Çolak Sivri R, Polat H, Irmak A, Dönmez YE, Çon Bayhan P, Uçur Ö, Cansız MA, Savcı U. Association of Reactive-Proactive Aggression and Anxiety Sensitivity with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:283-297. [PMID: 27033363 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the associations among the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and disruptive behavioral disorders (DBD) in the context of their relationships with reactive-proactive aggression and anxiety sensitivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 342 treatment-naive children with ADHD. The severity of ADHD and DBD symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated inventories. Anxiety sensitivity, reactive-proactive aggression and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of children were evaluated by self-report inventories. According to structural equation modeling, depression and anxiety scores had a relation with the DBD scores through reactive-proactive aggression. Results also showed a negative relation of the total scores of anxiety sensitivity on DBD scores, while conduct disorder scores had a positive relation with anxiety scores. This study suggests that examining the relations of reactive-proactive aggression and anxiety sensitivity with internalizing and externalizing disorders could be useful for understanding the link among these disorders in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Bilgiç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Savaş Yılmaz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Özmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Öztop
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Surp Pirgic Ermenian Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Türkoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya Education and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ümit Işık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Çolak Sivri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Polat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Irmak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Dönmez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Pelin Çon Bayhan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Uçur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Cansız
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Uğur Savcı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Morpeth L, Blower S, Tobin K, Taylor RS, Bywater T, Edwards RT, Axford N, Lehtonen M, Jones C, Berry V. The effectiveness of the Incredible Years pre-school parenting programme in the United Kingdom: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2016.1264366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Blower
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Kate Tobin
- Dartington Social Research Unit, Dartington, UK
| | - Rod S. Taylor
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Nick Axford
- Dartington Social Research Unit, Dartington, UK
| | | | - Carys Jones
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Vashti Berry
- Dartington Social Research Unit, Dartington, UK
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Déry M, Lapalme M, Jagiellowicz J, Poirier M, Temcheff C, Toupin J. Predicting Depression and Anxiety from Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Elementary School-Age Girls and Boys with Conduct Problems. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:53-62. [PMID: 27209374 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between the three DSM-5 categories of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms (irritable mood, defiant behavior, vindictive behavior) and anxiety/depression in girls and boys with conduct problems (CP) while controlling for comorbid child psychopathology at baseline. Data were drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study of 6- to 9-year-old French-Canadian children (N = 276; 40.8 % girls) receiving special educational services for CP at school and followed for 2 years. Using linear regression analysis, the results showed that irritable mood symptoms predicted a higher level of depression and anxiety in girls and boys 2 years later, whereas the behavioral symptoms of ODD (e.g., defiant, vindictive symptoms) were linked to lower depression scores. The contribution of ODD symptoms to these predictions, while statistically significant, remained modest. The usefulness of ODD irritable symptoms as a marker for identifying girls and boys with CP who are more vulnerable to developing internalizing problems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Déry
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Lapalme
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Jadzia Jagiellowicz
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Martine Poirier
- Département d'Éducation, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Temcheff
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Jean Toupin
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada
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Lahey BB, Krueger RF, Rathouz PJ, Waldman ID, Zald DH. A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span. Psychol Bull 2017; 143:142-186. [PMID: 28004947 PMCID: PMC5269437 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose a taxonomy of psychopathology based on patterns of shared causal influences identified in a review of multivariate behavior genetic studies that distinguish genetic and environmental influences that are either common to multiple dimensions of psychopathology or unique to each dimension. At the phenotypic level, first-order dimensions are defined by correlations among symptoms; correlations among first-order dimensions similarly define higher-order domains (e.g., internalizing or externalizing psychopathology). We hypothesize that the robust phenotypic correlations among first-order dimensions reflect a hierarchy of increasingly specific etiologic influences. Some nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk for all first-order dimensions of psychopathology to varying degrees through a general factor of psychopathology. Other nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk only for all first-order dimensions within a more specific higher-order domain. Furthermore, each first-order dimension has its own unique causal influences. Genetic and environmental influences common to family members tend to be nonspecific, whereas environmental influences unique to each individual are more dimension-specific. We posit that these causal influences on psychopathology are moderated by sex and developmental processes. This causal taxonomy also provides a novel framework for understanding the heterogeneity of each first-order dimension: Different persons exhibiting similar symptoms may be influenced by different combinations of etiologic influences from each of the 3 levels of the etiologic hierarchy. Furthermore, we relate the proposed causal taxonomy to transdimensional psychobiological processes, which also impact the heterogeneity of each psychopathology dimension. This causal taxonomy implies the need for changes in strategies for studying the etiology, psychobiology, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul J Rathouz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine
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Kjeldsen A, Nilsen W, Gustavson K, Skipstein A, Melkevik O, Karevold EB. Predicting Well-Being and Internalizing Symptoms in Late Adolescence From Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior Starting in Infancy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:991-1008. [PMID: 28453213 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the long-term prediction of well-being and internalizing symptoms from trajectories of externalizing behavior problems in 921 children from a population-based sample. We found that a high stable trajectory of externalizing behavior from infancy (age 1.5) to mid-adolescence (age 14.5) predicted lower scores on life satisfaction and flourishing for both girls and boys (age 18.5). The high stable trajectory also predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms in boys and anxiety symptoms in girls (age 18.5). The findings are noteworthy as they document how a person-oriented study of externalizing behavior problems starting in infancy can predict well-being and internalizing in late adolescence. The findings underline the importance of early health promotion and problem intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kjeldsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Mental and Physical Health
| | - Wendy Nilsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Mental and Physical Health
| | | | - Anni Skipstein
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Mental and Physical Health
| | - Ole Melkevik
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment
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Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing disorders between childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:919-928. [PMID: 27427290 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to identify trajectories of DSM-IV based internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problem scores across childhood and adolescence and to provide insight into the comorbidity by modeling the co-occurrence of INT and EXT trajectories. INT and EXT were measured repeatedly between age 7 and age 15 years in over 7,000 children and analyzed using growth mixture models. Five trajectories were identified for both INT and EXT, including very low, low, decreasing, and increasing trajectories. In addition, an adolescent onset trajectory was identified for INT and a stable high trajectory was identified for EXT. Multinomial regression showed that similar EXT and INT trajectories were associated. However, the adolescent onset INT trajectory was independent of high EXT trajectories, and persisting EXT was mainly associated with decreasing INT. Sex and early life environmental risk factors predicted EXT and, to a lesser extent, INT trajectories. The association between trajectories indicates the need to consider comorbidity when a child presents with INT or EXT disorders, particularly when symptoms start early. This is less necessary when INT symptoms start at adolescence. Future studies should investigate the etiology of co-occurring INT and EXT and the specific treatment needs of these severely affected children.
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48
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Poirier M, Déry M, Temcheff CE, Toupin J, Verlaan P, Lemelin JP. Longitudinal associations between conduct problems and depressive symptoms among girls and boys with early conduct problems. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:743-54. [PMID: 26564019 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Youth with conduct problems (CP) may experience high rates of depressive symptoms (DS). However, little is known about the direction of the longitudinal associations between CP and DS in this specific population. Although girls with CP appear at greater risk than boys for presenting comorbid depression, empirical research on gender differences in these associations is even sparser. The current study used autoregressive latent trajectory models to compare four perspectives with hypotheses regarding the longitudinal associations between CP and DS, while taking into account the evolution of both problems. We also examined gender differences in the longitudinal associations. A total of 345 children (40.6 % female) presenting with a high level of CP in early elementary school (mean age at study inception = 8.52; SD = .94) were evaluated annually over a four-year period (5 measurement time points). The results revealed that CP and DS were quite stable over time. Moreover, CP and DS showed strong covariation at each measurement time point, but only one significant positive cross-lagged association between the two processes, indicating that higher levels of DS at time 3 were associated with higher levels of CP 1 year later. No differences were observed in the longitudinal associations between CP and DS in boys and girls. Given the comorbidity and stability of CP and DS, these findings suggest that DS should be systematically evaluated among children with early clinically significant CP, and treatment plans should include interventions aimed at both CP and DS among children who present with both types of problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Poirier
- Department of Education, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, allée des Ursulines, C. P. 3300, succ. A, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Michèle Déry
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Jean Toupin
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Pierrette Verlaan
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Murray J, Burgess S, Zuccolo L, Hickman M, Gray R, Lewis SJ. Moderate alcohol drinking in pregnancy increases risk for children's persistent conduct problems: causal effects in a Mendelian randomisation study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:575-84. [PMID: 26588883 PMCID: PMC4855628 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol use during pregnancy can cause considerable developmental problems for children, but effects of light-moderate drinking are uncertain. This study examined possible effects of moderate drinking in pregnancy on children's conduct problems using a Mendelian randomisation design to improve causal inference. METHODS A prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) followed children from their mother's pregnancy to age 13 years. Analyses were based on 3,544 children whose mothers self-reported either not drinking alcohol during pregnancy or drinking up to six units per week without binge drinking. Children's conduct problem trajectories were classified as low risk, childhood-limited, adolescence-onset or early-onset-persistent, using six repeated measures of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire between ages 4-13 years. Variants of alcohol-metabolising genes in children were used to create an instrumental variable for Mendelian randomisation analysis. RESULTS Children's genotype scores were associated with early-onset-persistent conduct problems (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04-1.60, p = .020) if mothers drank moderately in pregnancy, but not if mothers abstained from drinking (OR = 0.94, CI = 0.72-1.25, p = .688). Children's genotype scores did not predict childhood-limited or adolescence-onset conduct problems. CONCLUSIONS This quasi-experimental study suggests that moderate alcohol drinking in pregnancy contributes to increased risk for children's early-onset-persistent conduct problems, but not childhood-limited or adolescence-onset conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK,MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Ron Gray
- National Perinatal Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Sonuga-Barke EJS, Cortese S, Fairchild G, Stringaris A. Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders--differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:321-49. [PMID: 26705858 PMCID: PMC4762324 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ineffective decision making is a major source of everyday functional impairment and reduced quality of life for young people with mental disorders. However, very little is known about what distinguishes decision making by individuals with different disorders or the neuropsychological processes or brain systems underlying these. This is the focus of the current review. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY We first propose a neuroeconomic model of the decision-making process with separate stages for the prechoice evaluation of expected utility of future options; choice execution and postchoice management; the appraisal of outcome against expectation; and the updating of value estimates to guide future decisions. According to the proposed model, decision making is mediated by neuropsychological processes operating within three domains: (a) self-referential processes involved in autobiographical reflection on past, and prospection about future, experiences; (b) executive functions, such as working memory, inhibition, and planning, that regulate the implementation of decisions; and (c) processes involved in value estimation and outcome appraisal and learning. These processes are underpinned by the interplay of multiple brain networks, especially medial and lateralized cortical components of the default mode network, dorsal corticostriatal circuits underpinning higher order cognitive and behavioral control, and ventral frontostriatal circuits, connecting to brain regions implicated in emotion processing, that control valuation and learning processes. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION Based on clinical insights and considering each of the decision-making stages in turn, we outline disorder-specific hypotheses about impaired decision making in four childhood disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), depression, and anxiety. We hypothesize that decision making in ADHD is deficient (i.e. inefficient, insufficiently reflective, and inconsistent) and impulsive (biased toward immediate over delayed alternatives). In CD, it is reckless and insensitive to negative consequences. In depression, it is disengaged, perseverative, and pessimistic, while in anxiety, it is hesitant, risk-averse, and self-deprecating. A survey of current empirical indications related to these disorder-specific hypotheses highlights the limited and fragmentary nature of the evidence base and illustrates the need for a major research initiative in decision making in childhood disorders. The final section highlights a number of important additional general themes that need to be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Graeme Fairchild
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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