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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R. Breaking the cycle: Psychological and social dimensions of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. World J Clin Pediatr 2025; 14:103323. [PMID: 40491742 PMCID: PMC11947882 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i2.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/18/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children present with chronic symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation without identifiable structural abnormalities. These disorders are closely linked to gut-brain axis dysfunction, altered gut microbiota, and psychosocial stress, leading to psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues. Understanding this bidirectional relationship is crucial for developing effective, holistic management strategies that address physical and mental health. AIM To examine the psychiatric impacts of FGIDs in children, focusing on anxiety and depression and their association with other neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, emphasizing the role of the gut-brain axis, emotional dysregulation, and psychosocial stress. Key mechanisms explored include neurotransmitter dysregulation, microbiota imbalance, central sensitization, heightening stress reactivity, emotional dysregulation, and symptom perception. The review also evaluates the role of family dynamics and coping strategies in exacerbating FGID symptoms and contributing to psychiatric conditions. METHODS A narrative review was conducted using 328 studies sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering research published over the past 20 years. Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining FGID diagnosis, gut-brain mechanisms, psychiatric comorbidities, and psychosocial factors in pediatric populations. FGIDs commonly affecting children, including functional constipation, abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux, and cyclic vomiting syndrome, were analyzed concerning their psychological impacts. RESULTS The review highlights a strong connection between FGIDs and psychiatric symptoms, mediated by gut-brain axis dysfunction, dysregulated microbiota, and central sensitization. These physiological disruptions increase children's vulnerability to anxiety and depression, while psychosocial factors - such as chronic stress, early-life trauma, maladaptive family dynamics, and ineffective coping strategies - intensify the cycle of gastrointestinal and emotional distress. CONCLUSION Effective management of FGIDs requires a biopsychosocial approach integrating medical, psychological, and dietary interventions. Parental education, early intervention, and multidisciplinary care coordination are critical in mitigating long-term psychological impacts and improving both gastrointestinal and mental health outcomes in children with FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatric, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin K Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Governmental Hospitals, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel S Bediwy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
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Oberle E, Ji XR, Molyneux T, Guhn M, Forer B, Thomson K, Alkawaja M, Kassan A, Gadermann A. Mental well-being trends and school-based protective factors among adolescents in British Columbia (2015-2022): A population-based study. Soc Sci Med 2025; 380:118201. [PMID: 40398253 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental well-being has declined in the past decade. Much research relies on administrative data and population-based research incorporating youth voices and exploring protective factors for mental well-being is scarce. This study examined trends in adolescent mental well-being from 2015 to 2022 in British Columbia (BC), Canada. We examined sex differences in the trends, the role of protective factors in school, and the relative importance of protective factors for mental well-being. METHODS We drew from self-report data from eight years of implementation (2015-2022) of the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI) with grade 7 students (N = 69,391; 49 % girls) in schools. Positive (satisfaction with life; SWL) and negative (depressive symptoms) mental well-being indicators were examined over time using a repeated cross-sectional design. Analyses were stratified by sex. The presence of 0-3 protective factors (adult support at school, peer belonging, school connectedness) and SES were covariates. RESULTS SWL significantly declined and depressive symptoms significantly increased across the study period and for most adjacent study years. Girls had significantly lower well-being and a steeper decline than boys. For the subset of students who scored high on all protective factors, the decline in well-being was attenuated but not eliminated and the sex gap was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The decline in well-being and the protective nature of modifiable protective factors identified in our study highlight the need for population-level mental health strategies that can be implemented in partnership with school districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oberle
- School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Xuejun Ryan Ji
- School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tonje Molyneux
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barry Forer
- School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Thomson
- Children's Health Policy Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Maram Alkawaja
- School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anusha Kassan
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Gadermann
- School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Kurnaz MF, Koçtürk N. Self-Esteem, Lover-Centeredness, and Social Networking Site Use as Mediators Between Resilience and Cyberbullying Victimization. Psychiatr Q 2025:10.1007/s11126-025-10154-6. [PMID: 40360923 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-025-10154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Individual factors play a crucial role in shaping the strength of the relationship between resilience and cyberbullying victimization. This study examines the mediating roles of self-esteem, lover-centeredness, and social networking site use in this relationship through a serial mediation model. A total of 597 adults (460 females, mean age: 22.25) participated in the study, meeting G*Power's sample size recommendations. Preliminary analyses were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and JASP, while the serial mediation model was tested using the SPSS PROCESS Macro. Additionally, a multi-group analysis was performed using SmartPLS 3 to explore differences in the serial mediation model based on participants' relationship status. The findings indicated that resilience does not significantly predict cyberbullying victimization. However, self-esteem and social networking site use were found to mediate this relationship both individually and jointly, whereas lover-centeredness did not emerge as a significant mediator. Moreover, self-esteem, lover-centeredness, and social networking site use demonstrated a significant combined mediating effect on the relationship between resilience and cyberbullying victimization. The multi-group analysis revealed that resilience significantly predicts lover-centeredness among individuals in a romantic relationship, but this prediction was not significant for those without a lover. These results offer valuable insights into the interplay between resilience, intimate relationships, and cyberbullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furkan Kurnaz
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye.
| | - Nilüfer Koçtürk
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Liao S, Mo L, Wang L. The impact of childhood trauma on meaning in life among middle school students: the chain-mediating roles of social support and core self-evaluations. BMC Psychol 2025; 13:419. [PMID: 40264234 PMCID: PMC12016145 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative impact of childhood trauma on adolescence' meaning in life has become a widely concerned topic. The junior high school students are still at a critical stage of developing their meaning in life. This study aims to explore the impact of childhood trauma on meaning in life among junior high school students, as well as the mediating role of social support and core self-evaluations. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 23 schools in South China. 2,273 junior high school students completed self-reported questionnaires on demographic variables, childhood trauma, meaning in life, social support, and core self-evaluations. Statistical analysis was conducted via SPSS 27.0 and SPSS PROCESS. RESULTS Childhood trauma negatively impacted junior high school students' meaning in life significantly. Both social support ( Indirect effect = -0.073, 95% CI, -0.112 ~ -0.034) and core self-evaluations ( Indirect effect = -0.044, 95% CI, -0.061 ~ -0.028) were significant partial mediators in the childhood trauma and meaning in life. A chain mediating role of social support and core self-evaluations in the relationship between childhood trauma and meaning in life was also supported (Indirect effect = -0.048, 95% CI, -0.066 ~ -0.031). Hierarchical regression results showed that social support and core self-evaluations both positively predict meaning in life. When social support and core self-evaluations were added separately, the impact of childhood trauma weakened. When social support (β = 0.113, t = 4.108, p < 0.001) and core self-evaluations (β = 0.165, t = 6.250, p < 0.001) were both present, childhood trauma has the least impact on meaning in life. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening the power of social support networks and fostering positive core self-evaluations may be important strategies for mitigating the negative effects of childhood trauma and enhancing meaning in life for junior high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqun Liao
- Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyao Mo
- Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, China
| | - Lishen Wang
- Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, China.
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Alaviani M, Parizad N, Hemmati Maslakpak M, Alinejad V. The relationship of self-esteem and mental health among older adults with the mediating role of loneliness. BMC Geriatr 2025; 25:233. [PMID: 40205345 PMCID: PMC11983761 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-025-05810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health (MH) is one of the most important resources of human life, particularly during older adulthood. Self-esteem (SE) is related to mental health (MH), and loneliness may serve as a mediator in the relationship between SE and MH. However, the role of loneliness in this relationship is not well understood. This study aims to evaluate the association between SE and MH in older adults, specifically focusing on the mediating role of loneliness in this relationship. METHODS This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2023 using structural equation modeling. Participants were 357 older adults selected through quota sampling from comprehensive urban healthcare centers in Urmia, Iran. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS (v. 23.0) and the SmartPLS (v. 3.0) software. RESULTS SE had a significantly weak positive association with MH (ß = 0.095; P < 0.001) and a significantly weak negative association with loneliness (ß = -0.288; P < 0.001). Additionally, loneliness had a significantly strong negative association with MH (ß = -0.632; P < 0.001). The study confirmed that loneliness acts as a mediator between SE and MH (β = -0.688, 95% CI: 0.1427, 1.2958; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Health assessments and loneliness screening programs are essential for older adults to identify symptoms early and prevent mental health issues. Governments should strengthen social connections among older adults through services and education. Urban healthcare centers can reduce loneliness by organizing community activities, encouraging pet ownership, and promoting participation in senior centers. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Alaviani
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Campus Nazlu, 11 KM Road Seru, Urmia, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, 575611-5111, Iran
| | - Naser Parizad
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Campus Nazlu, 11 KM Road Seru, Urmia, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, 575611-5111, Iran
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masumeh Hemmati Maslakpak
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Campus Nazlu, 11 KM Road Seru, Urmia, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, 575611-5111, Iran
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Alinejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Campus Nazlu, 11 KM Road Seru, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran.
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Wang L, Xie Q, Hua M, Lu H. How Do Social Support and Resilience Interact in Parents of Children with ASD? A Cross-Lagged Mediation and Moderation Analysis from the COR Perspective. J Autism Dev Disord 2025:10.1007/s10803-025-06776-1. [PMID: 40102375 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-025-06776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
This study investigates a longitudinal cross-lagged relationship between social support and resilience among parents of autistic children within the framework of conservation of resources theory. It also examines the mediating role of active coping and conducts a group comparison between preschool-aged and school-aged children within this relationship. In total, 436 parents of autistic children aged three to fifteen years from China participated in this study. They completed the Social Support Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Coping Strategies Inventory at baseline (Time 1 [T1]) and 6 months later (Time 2 [T2]). A longitudinal cross-lagged structural equation modeling approach was applied. The findings indicated a longitudinal bidirectional relationship between social support and resilience over time, with active coping mediating this interaction. While the overall model did not significantly differ between parents of preschool- and school-aged children, the relationship between resilience at T1 and social support at T2 was significant for the school-aged group. The study highlights that social support and resilience mutually reinforce each other and that active coping serves as a key mechanism underlying this relationship. Considering the variation across age groups, this study offers implications for age-specific family services aimed at enhancing resilience and social support for parents of autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Preschool and Special Education, Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College, 6 Taoyuan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Governor's Drive, Trias, 4107, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Qinxing Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Meng Hua
- International Office, Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College, 6 Taoyuan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Graduate School, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Governor's Drive, Trias, 4107, Cavite, Philippines.
| | - Haoyu Lu
- School of Teacher Education, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi, 445000, China
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Zou Y, Yan G, Li M, Dai X, Hou X, Wang M, Sun L, Yin H, Xu G. Mediating Effects of Sleep Problems and Emotional Symptoms in the Relationship Between Chronotype and Self-Harm Among Adolescents Aged 11-19 Years. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2025; 18:629-640. [PMID: 40123655 PMCID: PMC11927583 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s511075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose Self-harm is linked to numerous adverse health and social outcomes, including repetitive self-harm and an increased risk of suicide. This study aims to explore the influence of chronotype on self-harm among adolescents and further investigate the mediating role of sleep problems and emotional symptoms. Participants and Methods The study was conducted between April and June 2022, involving 13 junior and senior high schools in Tianjin. The participants were asked to complete online questionnaires assessing chronotype, sleep problems, depression, anxiety, and self-harm. The data were analyzed and processed using Spearman correlation and mediation effect analysis. Two mediation pathways were tested: Model 1 with sleep problems and depression as the mediators, and Model 2 with sleep problems and anxiety as the mediators. Results Participants comprised 13,374 Chinese middle school adolescents (6745 boys) aged 11-19 years. In Model 1, the independent mediation effects of sleep problems and depression were -0.216 (95% CI = [-0.263, -0.172]) and -0.101 (95% CI = [-0.121, -0.083]), accounting for 33.33% and 15.59% of the total effect, respectively. The chain mediation effect was -0.170 (95% CI = [-0.196, -0.146]), accounting for 26.23% of the total effect. In Model 2, the independent mediation effects of sleep problems and anxiety were -0.232 (95% CI = [-0.279, -0.189]) and -0.075 (95% CI = [-0.091, -0.059]), respectively accounting for 35.63% and 11.52% of the total effect. The chain mediation effect was -0.151 (95% CI = [-0.176, -0.128]), accounting for 23.20% of the total effect. Conclusion Chronotype is a significant predictor of self-harm, with a later chronotype associated with a higher risk. Both sleep problems and emotional symptoms independently and serially mediate the relationship between chronotype and self-harm. These findings highlight the complex pathways through which chronotype influences self-harm behavior and suggest potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoli Yan
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Dai
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmei Wang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Sun
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifang Yin
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangming Xu
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Hadebe NF, Rasesemola RM. Resilience of young adults living with mental disorders in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Health SA 2025; 30:2857. [PMID: 40183024 PMCID: PMC11966673 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v30i0.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The challenges that young adults encounter today present greater risks to their mental wellbeing compared to those experienced by previous generations. For those young adults living with mental health disorders, they suffer even more when having to deal with its burdens. Many of these young adults face floods of negative and powerful emotions, discrimination and isolation; however, they are likely to cope well with these difficult situations if they are resilient. Aim This study purported to report on resilience among young adults living with mental disorders in the City of Tshwane. Setting The study was conducted in Atteridgeville in the City of Tshwane, Gauteng province in South Africa. Methods A qualitative exploratory and descriptive research was conducted among 10 purposefully sampled young adults aged between 18 years and 34 years old. Data were collected using individual, semi-structured interviews in primary healthcare clinics and analysed using Tesch's method. Results Two themes, namely, harnessing purpose in building resilience and confidence enhances positive interactions along with four related sub-theme emerged from the results. The themes indicated how a sense of purposefulness and confidence help young adults living with mental health disorders build resilience. Conclusion For young adults to be resilient, approaches such as psychotherapy for treating mental health issues need to incorporate strategies to develop a sense of purpose and confidence. Contribution This study elucidated the role of purposefulness and confidence in building resilience, and further provided some suggestions on strategies that could be used to build resilience in conjunction with medical management of mental health disorders among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nok'khanya F Hadebe
- Department of Emergency Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard M Rasesemola
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Daneshvar S, Mohammadi Bytamar J, Dehbozorgi S, Pourmohammad P, Zeraatpisheh Z, Jobson L. Perseverative cognitions, negative valence systems, positive valence systems, social disconnection, and suicide: testing a mediator model among university students. BMC Psychol 2025; 13:215. [PMID: 40055841 PMCID: PMC11889903 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Various studies have suggested that perseverative cognitions play an important role in the occurrence of suicide. However, the mediating mechanisms underlying the relationship between perseverative cognitions and suicidality remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate whether positive and negative valence systems and social disconnection temporally mediated the association between perseverative cognitions and suicidal behaviors. 256 university students participated in this study. The data were collected using the Perseverative Cognitions Questionnaire (PCQ), Approach-Avoidance Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ), Social Connectedness Scale-Revised (SCS-R), and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). The results showed that perseverative cognitions had a direct and significant effect on suicide (p <.001). Positive and negative valence systems and social disconnection significantly mediated the relationship between perseverative cognitions and suicide. Our findings showed that multiple factors including perseverative cognitions, positive and negative valence systems, and social disconnection may have a role in the occurrence of suicide among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Daneshvar
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez HospitalShahid Chamran Blvd, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jahangir Mohammadi Bytamar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Dehbozorgi
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez HospitalShahid Chamran Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Pourmohammad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zeraatpisheh
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez HospitalShahid Chamran Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Laura Jobson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Achak D, Azizi A, Boutib A, Chergaoui S, Youlyouz-Marfak I, Elmadani S, Nejjari C, Hilali A, Marfak A. Self-esteem, body image, and associated factors among female and male university students: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2025; 14:45. [PMID: 40144158 PMCID: PMC11939990 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_960_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An empirical approach to self-esteem and its associated factors is crucial during youth, when ranking and physical appearance significantly impact self-esteem. Enhancing self-esteem helps students appreciate individual characteristics and maintain a positive body image despite unhealthy exposures. This study aimed to fill the gap on self-esteem in Moroccan university students, considering sex-specific differences and associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 654 students from various Moroccan universities. An online questionnaire was used including questions about sociodemographic factors, such as age and sex, body image figure scale to measure body image perception and satisfaction, and the Rosenberg scale of self-esteem. RESULTS Females were observed to be more satisfied with their body shape and weight compared to males. Males were significantly more dissatisfied with their weight due to their desire to be heavier, while females generally wanted to lose weight. Additionally, we found a significant correlation between marital status, socioeconomic status, and place of residency during studies in relation to self-esteem. Single students with low socioeconomic status and those living in university housing had lower self-esteem than their counterparts. Overall, male students desired to gain weight, whereas female students wanted to lose weight. CONCLUSION Females were more satisfied with their bodies than males, who wanted to be heavier, while females wanted to lose weight. Lower self-esteem was linked to being single, having low socioeconomic status, and living in university housing. Innovative strategies are required to ensure better appreciation of the actual body size and promote healthy self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Achak
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
- Research, Development and Innovation Laboratory, Mundiapolis University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Azizi
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Amal Boutib
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Samia Chergaoui
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Youlyouz-Marfak
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Saad Elmadani
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- School of Medicine, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF), Fez, Morocco
| | - Abderraouf Hilali
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdelghafour Marfak
- School of Medicine, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF), Fez, Morocco
- National School of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat, Morocco
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11
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Chair SY, Law BMH, Chan AWK, Gao R. The effect of the Tai Chi intervention on self-esteem and self-confidence perception in adult populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nurs 2025; 24:174. [PMID: 39953472 PMCID: PMC11829346 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-025-02792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-esteem is a psychological outcome that is positively related to mental and psychological health, one of the most important elements in nursing. Developing strategies for self-esteem promotion is therefore of great importance in nursing practice. Previous reviews suggested that exercise interventions such as Tai Chi practice may confer both mental and physical benefits in humans, but reviews on the effect of Tai Chi exercise on self-esteem of adults are lacking. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Tai Chi interventions in promoting self-esteem among adults. METHODS We included randomized controlled trials that investigated Tai Chi interventions in adults, where self-esteem and/or self-confidence were reported as outcomes. The literature search was conducted in ten electronic databases. Two independent reviewers performed abstract and full-text screening using Covidence. These reviewers also independently extracted data from the included studies, and conducted critical appraisal of their methodological quality, using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the review, of which all were rated as having high risk of bias or some concerns in their methodological quality. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that Tai Chi intervention can significantly improve self-esteem among adults, where the post-intervention self-esteem score was higher among the intervention participants compared to the controls (standardized mean difference: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.18-0.74; p = 0.001). Sensitivity analyses by excluding studies not reporting data using means and standard deviations revealed similar findings. One study also showed a positive effect of Tai Chi intervention on self-confidence perception. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi interventions have a moderately positive effect on self-esteem among adults. Tai Chi exercise classes could be a potential strategy to implement within communities, especially among individuals in higher need to improve their self-esteem such as older adults and patients having chronic illnesses that have detrimental effects on their psychological well-being. However, given the high risk of bias in most studies, caution is advised before recommending widespread implementation. Further high-quality research, including qualitative studies exploring how Tai Chi can improve self-esteem, is needed to strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sek Ying Chair
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bernard Man Hin Law
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aileen Wai Kiu Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruitong Gao
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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12
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Yudes C, Chamizo‐Nieto MT, Peláez‐Fernández MA, Extremera N. Core self-evaluations and perceived classmate support: Independent predictors of psychological adjustment. Scand J Psychol 2025; 66:150-157. [PMID: 39291494 PMCID: PMC11735242 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main aim of this research was to explore the contribution of both core self-evaluations (CSE) and classmate support as unique predictors of positive and negative psychological adjustment among adolescents. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 2,293 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 14.07) completed the Core Self-Evaluations Scale, the Classmate Support subscale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales and the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory. Pearson correlations among assessed variables were examined, and three hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive role of CSE and classmate support on life satisfaction, depressive symptomatology, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Both CSE and classmate support were positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Hierarchical regression analyses identified CSE and classmate support as independent predictors of both positive and negative psychological outcomes in this sample. These results indicated support for a comprehensive model involving CSE and classmate support as additive predictors of both positive and negative outcomes among adolescents. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the unique and additive role of both individual (i.e., CSE) and, to a lower degree, social factors (i.e., classmate support) to augment the prediction model of positive and negative psychological adjustment among adolescents. Practical implications are discussed, focusing on preventive programs that include strategies to increase positive self-appraisals and create a supportive classroom climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Yudes
- Department of Developmental and Educational PsychologyUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | | | - María Angeles Peláez‐Fernández
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work and Social Services, and Social AnthropologyUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work and Social Services, and Social AnthropologyUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
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13
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López-Gil JF, Cisneros-Vásquez E, Olivares-Arancibia J, Yañéz-Sepúlveda R, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H. Investigating the Relationship Between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Academic Performance in the Adolescent Population: The EHDLA Study. Nutrients 2025; 17:524. [PMID: 39940382 PMCID: PMC11819819 DOI: 10.3390/nu17030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2025] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have tested the link between diet quality and academic performance in the young population. However, no study has analyzed the specific relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and academic performance in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to test the link of UPF consumption with academic performance in a sample of adolescents from Spain. Methods: This secondary cross-sectional analysis utilized information from 788 youths aged 12-17 participating in the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities study. The sample comprised 44.7% boys and 55.3% girls, with a median age of 14.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 13.0 to 15.0). The UPF consumption was measured through a self-completed food frequency survey. Academic performance was determined using end-of-year academic records provided by each educational institution. To examine the relationships between these variables, generalized linear models were employed. The models were adjusted for factors including sex, age, socioeconomic status, conduct, physical activity, sleep duration, body mass index, and sedentary behavior. Results: Significant dose-response associations between UPF consumption and all the different academic performance indicators, showing that higher UPF consumption is consistently associated with poorer academic performance (p < 0.001 for all). Higher daily UPF servings were associated with lower adjusted marginal means for grade point average, language, maths, and English. Furthermore, adolescents in the highest UPF tertile had a grade point average of 5.6 compared to 6.6 in the lowest tertile, with similar patterns being observed for language (6.0 vs. 7.0), maths (5.2 vs. 6.2), and English (5.7 vs. 6.6). Conclusions: Our study identifies a negative association between UPF consumption and academic performance in adolescents, highlighting it as a modifiable factor that could impact academic outcomes. Adolescents with higher UPF consumption exhibited consistently lower grades across various academic indicators, emphasizing the importance of dietary quality during this critical developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador;
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- AFySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Yañéz-Sepúlveda
- Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
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14
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Malak MZ, Abualruz H, Shehadeh A. Psychosocial factors correlating self-care management among Jordanian adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Nurs 2025; 80:75-82. [PMID: 39579721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies were conducted to examine the correlation between the anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and social support variables and type 1 diabetes in developing countries, including Jordan. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the correlation between these psychosocial factors and self-care management among Jordanian adolescents with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN & METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used to perform a study among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (N = 351) aged 14-18 years who attended primary healthcare centers clinics, and diabetic clinics related to hospitals in Amman Governorate, Jordan. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaire during the period from June to December 2023. FINDINGS The results revealed that around 61.0 % of the sample were males and 39 % female, and 74.9 % of the participants experienced type 1 diabetes for more than one year. Only, 4.3 % of the participants had the recommended HbA1c (< 7.5 %). The participants had high percentage anxiety and depressive symptoms, poor self-efficacy, moderate social support, and low self-care management. There was a correlation between self-efficacy, social support, and self-care management. Also, social support mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and self-care management. However, no relationship existed between anxiety and depressive symptoms and self-care management. CONCLUSION Screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms should be a significant element of care for adolescents with type 1 diabetes in outpatient clinics. Policymakers and healthcare professionals including pediatric nurses should develop strategies and education programs on self-care management to enhance self-care practices and management for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malakeh Z Malak
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Hasan Abualruz
- Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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15
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Ramakrishnan B, R. D, B. M, M. M, M. B, N. SS, D. JB. Assessment of self-Esteem and academic stress among nursing students. Bioinformation 2024; 20:1886-1889. [PMID: 40230953 PMCID: PMC11993393 DOI: 10.6026/9732063002001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Self-esteem is a crucial psychological factor influencing how individuals handle stress, particularly in challenging academic settings. This study aimed to assess the relationship between self-esteem and academic stress among nursing students. A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, with 243 nursing students from various year levels at College of Nursing in Puducherry. Data were collected using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Scale for Assessing Academic Stress (SAAS). Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, were used for analysis. Indicates that 66.7% of students exhibited normal self-esteem, while 50.2% experienced moderate academic stress. Significant associations were found between academic stress and factors such as age, year of study and place of stay. Notably, senior students reported higher stress and lower self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buvaneswari Ramakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641048,India
| | - Devikrishna R.
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641048,India
| | - Mahalakshmi B.
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Monisha M.
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Shree Venkateshwara College of Nursing, Erode,Tamil Nadu - 638455, India
| | - Baskaran M.
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, PSG college of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641004, India
| | - Siva Subramanian N.
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Jeya Beulah D.
- Department of Community health Nursing, SCPM College of Nursing & Paramedical Sciences, Gonda, Uttarpradesh-271003, India
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16
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Flores Mata C, Castellano-Tejedor C. Relationship Between Instagram, Body Satisfaction, and Self-Esteem in Early Adulthood. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:2153. [PMID: 39517366 PMCID: PMC11544943 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12212153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effects of Instagram use on body satisfaction and self-esteem in young adults 20 to 40 years (N = 95). Given the widespread use of social media and its potential influence on body image, we sought to understand how Instagram use may contribute to body dissatisfaction and self-esteem, particularly through quantitative analysis of self-report measures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design in which the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and additional ad hoc questions designed to assess Instagram usage patterns were employed. Results: The results indicated that greater Instagram use is associated with increased body dissatisfaction (p = 0.005), although it did not significantly affect self-esteem (p = 0.211). Gender did not play a significant role in these relationships (p = 0.173). Notably, a significant positive correlation was found between body satisfaction and self-esteem, showing that individuals with higher body satisfaction also reported higher self-esteem (p < 0.001). Further analyses indicated that users exposed to appearance-centered content were more likely to report body dissatisfaction. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Instagram usage, particularly in the context of appearance-focused content, has a considerable impact on body dissatisfaction among young adults but does not appear to influence self-esteem. This highlights the importance of developing interventions focused on promoting healthy social media habits and critical content engagement to mitigate negative impacts on body image. Social media exposure should be a key component in future interventions designed to improve body image and overall psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Flores Mata
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmina Castellano-Tejedor
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Psynaptic, Psicología y Servicios Científicos y Tecnológicos S.L.P., 08192 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Education Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- GIES Research Group, Basic Psychology Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08192 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Aging, Frailty and Care Transitions in Barcelona (REFiT), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili & Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08023 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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So P, Nooteboom LA, Vullings RM, Mulder CL, Vermeiren R. "Psychiatric emergency consultations of minors: a qualitative study of professionals' experiences". BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:549. [PMID: 39112937 PMCID: PMC11304710 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric emergency assessment of minors can be a complex process, especially for professional staff who are not specifically trained in handling child and adolescent emergency patients. As minors cannot usually express their feelings and experiences as well as adults, it is difficult to form an accurate picture of their condition and to determine what kind of emergency care is needed, for instance whether or not a psychiatric emergency admission is necessary. We lack insight in what professionals at emergency departments need to adequately assess these minors and their families. The aim of this study was to explore staff members' experiences with assessing minors and explore recommendations for improving their ability to provide appropriate support. METHODS Guided by a topic list with open-ended questions, we conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with staff working at psychiatric emergency services. Thematic analysis enabled us to identify five main themes: (1) young age and the crucial role of parents; (2) professionals' feelings, especially uncertainty; (3) psychiatric emergency admissions and the alternatives to them; (4) regional differences in organization and tasks; and (5) options for improving care. RESULTS The staff interviewed all agreed that it was often complicated and time consuming to take full responsibility when assessing minors with serious and urgent psychiatric problems. Most found it difficult to determine which behaviors were and were not age-appropriate, and how to handle systemic problems during the assessment. When assessing minors and their families in crisis, this led to uncertainty. Professionals were especially insecure when assessing children under age 12 and their families, feeling they lacked the appropriate knowledge and routine. CONCLUSION Customized expertise development and improved regional embedding of the psychiatric emergency service in the child and adolescent services will reduce professionals' uncertainty and improve psychiatric emergency care for minors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P So
- Youz, Center for Youth Mental Healthcare, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Erasmus MC, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L A Nooteboom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R M Vullings
- Faculty of Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C L Mulder
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rrjm Vermeiren
- Youz, Center for Youth Mental Healthcare, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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18
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Semkovska M, Joyce C, Keyes J, Reilly S, Delaney A, Harrold A, McManus H. Modelling the Relationship Between Resilience to Depression and Recent Stressful Life Events in University Students. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1561-1587. [PMID: 36377829 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Resilience, or successful coping with the experience of stressful life events (SLEs), protects against depression, but its operational mechanisms are unclear. Views diverge whether resilience intervenes as a trait or as a process of dynamic interactions of protective factors, such as self-esteem, social support and family cohesion. We evaluated five theoretically-based models of how resilience, defined as either a trait or a process, interacts with recent SLEs, to explain depressive symptomatology in 2434 university students. The moderating effect of problematic, age-inappropriate parenting (i.e., helicopter parenting) was also assessed. SLEs moderated both the effects of trait and process resilience on depression, but models conceptualising resilience as a dynamic process of interacting components showed better explanatory power than models conceptualising resilience solely as a trait. Trait resilience was protective through self-esteem at all levels of SLEs exposure (low, mild, moderate or high), and significantly, but less so through hope or social support. Experiencing helicopter parenting weakened the protective influence of process resilience, through decreasing family cohesion in the presence of SLEs. The overall assessment of the five models supports a process conceptualisation of resilience to depression in the face of adversity. However, the results also suggest that not all protective factors are equally important, with self-esteem appearing a significant and strong mediator of resilience to depression in all models including it as a variable. Building process resilience is proposed as a key intervention target for depressive symptoms. Clinical assessments and interventions following SLEs should routinely consider both trait resilience and self-esteem, as the interaction of these two factors protects against depression even at the highest levels of adversity exposure. Depression prevention approaches should address the individual's experience of overparenting, given the deleterious influence of helicopter parenting on resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Semkovska
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ciara Joyce
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jessica Keyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sinead Reilly
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoife Delaney
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aine Harrold
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Hannah McManus
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
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Seidel L, Cawley EI, Blanchard C. Enduring education and employment: Examining motivation and mechanisms of psychological resilience. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:617-627. [PMID: 38361344 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Resilience, the ability to bounce back from difficult events, is critical for an individual to negotiate stressors and adversity. Despite being widely studied, little is known about the processes involved in the development of resilience. The goal of the studies are to investigate the relationship between motivation orientation, emotional intelligence, cognitive appraisals, and psychological resilience. Two studies, using self-report questionnaires were conducted with employed young adults also enrolled in post-secondary studies (pre- and during the pandemic) to test the tenability of our proposed models. Study 1 and Study 2 showed that emotional intelligence and challenge appraisals were mediators of autonomous motivation and resilience. Study 2 revealed statistically significant differences in mean scores of autonomous motivation and emotional intelligence between non-pandemic students and pandemic students. Based on the findings, it is suggested that autonomous motivation, emotional intelligence, and challenge appraisals are important aptitudes for the development of resilience. Furthermore, findings suggest that social isolation caused by the pandemic may have affected levels of emotional intelligence. Ultimately, the research expands the literature on both self-determination theory and resilience by offering a unique multiple mediation model for predicting the development of resilience within the employed undergraduate population.
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Stover AD, Shulkin J, Lac A, Rapp T. A meta-analysis of cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 110:102428. [PMID: 38657292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy that involves subjectively reinterpreting stressful and adverse experiences in a more positive manner, can enhance personal resilience. Personal resilience is a constellation of attributes that facilitate successful coping and an expeditious return to adaptive functioning after exposure to stress or adversity. This meta-analysis evaluated the association between cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. A systematic and exhaustive search identified 64 independent samples from 55 studies (N = 29,824) that examined the correlation between cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. A random-effects model revealed a positive summary effect (r = 0.47, p < .001), indicating that higher cognitive reappraisal was associated with higher personal resilience. Six potential meta-moderators were tested: culture, age, name of the cognitive reappraisal measure, name of the personal resilience measure, study design, and publication period. After two extreme effect size outliers were omitted, tests of publication bias did not reveal any publication bias in this line of research. This quantitative synthesis offers compelling evidence showing that cognitive reappraisal skills operate as a protective strategy against stress and adversity and, therefore, enhance personal resilience. The protective benefits of cognitive reappraisal in relation to personal resilience are relatively robust, as the correlations were statistically significant for all subgroups in the meta-moderation analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Stover
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America.
| | - Josh Shulkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
| | - Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
| | - Timothy Rapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
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Padhani ZA, Tessema GA, Avery JC, Rahim KA, Boyle JA, Meherali S, Salam RA, Lassi ZS. Preconception Care Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults to Prevent Adverse Maternal and Child Health Outcomes: Protocol for an Evidence Gap Map. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e56052. [PMID: 38788203 PMCID: PMC11161710 DOI: 10.2196/56052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconception is the period before a young woman or woman conceives, which draws attention to understanding how her health condition and certain risk factors affect her and her baby's health once she becomes pregnant. Adolescence and youth represent a life-course continuum between childhood and adulthood, in which the prepregnancy phase lacks sufficient research. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to identify, map, and describe existing empirical evidence on preconception interventions that enhance health outcomes for adolescents, young adults, and their offspring. METHODS We will conduct an evidence gap map (EGM) activity following the Campbell guidelines by populating searches identified from electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. We will include interventional studies and reviews of interventional studies that report the impact of preconception interventions for adolescents and young adults (aged 10 to 25 years) on adverse maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes. All studies will undergo title or abstract and full-text screening on Covidence software (Veritas Health Innovation). All included studies will be coded using the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) Reviewer software (EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London). Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) tool will be used to assess the quality of the included trials and reviews. A 2D graphical EGM will be developed using the EPPI Mapper software (version 2.2.4; EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London). RESULTS This EGM exercise began in July 2023. Through electronic search, 131,031 publications were identified after deduplication, and after the full-text screening, 18 studies (124 papers) were included in the review. We plan to submit the paper to a peer-reviewed journal once it is finalized, with an expected completion date in May 2024. CONCLUSIONS This study will facilitate the prioritization of future research and allocation of funding while also suggesting interventions that may improve maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/56052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ali Padhani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gizachew A Tessema
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jodie C Avery
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Komal Abdul Rahim
- Centre of Excellence in Trauma and Emergencies (CETE), Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dean's Office, Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jacqueline A Boyle
- Health Systems and Equity, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Salima Meherali
- College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Australia
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Centre of Research Excellence, Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Wu X, Liang J, Chen J, Dong W, Lu C. Physical activity and school adaptation among Chinese junior high school students: chain mediation of resilience and coping styles. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1376233. [PMID: 38737951 PMCID: PMC11082357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1376233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As a crucial juncture in students' educational journey, junior high school presents challenges that profoundly influence well-being and academic performance. Physical activity emerges as a pivotal factor shaping the holistic development of junior high school students. Beyond its recognized impact on physical and mental health, engaging in regular physical activity proves effective in augmenting students' adaptability to school life. Despite its importance, the mechanisms through which physical activity influences school adaptation in junior high school students remain understudied in academic research. Objective In exploring the potential mechanisms, this study aims to validate the mediating roles of resilience and coping styles by examining the association between physical activity and school adaptation among junior high school students. Methods This study employed cross-sectional survey approach among junior high school students in China. Through the convenience sampling, 1,488 participants aged from 12 to 16 years old (Average age = 13.59, SD = 1.017) from two Junior high schools in Changsha City, Hunan Province were recruited to complete the Physical Activity Scale, School Adaptation Questionnaire for Junior High School Students, Resilience Scale for Adolescents, and Simple Coping Styles Questionnaire. For data analysis, the SPSS 26.0 and Amos 26.0 were used for statistical processing. Results The results showed that physical activity exhibited a significant correlation with school adaptation (r = 0.656, p < 0.001). Resilience, positive coping style and negative coping style played partial mediating roles between physical activity and school adaptation, with the effect size were 0.229, 0.170, 0.171. The chain mediation effect size of resilience and positive coping style was 0.042, while the chain mediation effect size of resilience and negative coping style was 0.050. Conclusion Physical activity positively predicts Chinese junior high school students' school adaptation through resilience and coping styles, suggesting that junior high school students should engage in regular physical activity, so as to improve their resilience and positive coping styles, mitigating negative coping styles, thus promoting their school adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weixin Dong
- Department of Sport Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxia Lu
- Department of Sport Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cui Z, Lin Z, Ren J, Cao Y, Tian X. Exploring self-esteem and personality traits as predictors of mental wellbeing among Chinese university students: the mediating and moderating role of resilience. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1308863. [PMID: 38659680 PMCID: PMC11041920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1308863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mental health of university students is influenced by a variety of factors, including self-esteem and personality traits, with resilience playing a crucial role in mediating and moderating these relationships. This study investigates the intricate dynamics affecting mental well-being in Chinese university students, focusing on the roles of self-esteem, personality traits, and the interventional effects of resilience. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 689 students, aged on average 20.3 years, between April and July 2022. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) was used to assess mental well-being, while resilience, personality traits, and self-esteem were evaluated using the revised Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Chinese version of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2), and the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (TSBI), respectively. Results Analysis revealed significant correlations between self-esteem, personality traits, and both resilience and mental well-being. Resilience was found to partially mediate the relationship between self-esteem and mental well-being and fully mediate certain aspects of the relationship between personality traits and mental well-being. Additionally, tenacity and autonomy were identified as moderators in the link between specific personality traits and mental well-being. Discussion The findings highlight the complex interplay between self-esteem, personality traits, resilience, and mental well-being, underscoring the critical role of resilience. This insight is pivotal for developing targeted interventions to bolster mental well-being among university students, emphasizing the need for multifaceted support strategies to enhance student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenti Cui
- School of Medicine, Sias University, Xinzheng, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Ren
- School of Medicine, Sias University, Xinzheng, China
| | - Yingdong Cao
- School of Medicine, Sias University, Xinzheng, China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Landa-Blanco M, Romero K, Caballero I, Gálvez-Pineda E, Fúnes-Henríquez MJ, Romero R. Exploring suicide ideation in university students: sleep quality, social media, self-esteem, and barriers to seeking psychological help. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1352889. [PMID: 38645419 PMCID: PMC11027559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to analyze how variations in suicidal ideation scores can relate to sleep quality, social media consumption, self-esteem, and perceived barriers to seeking psychological help in a sample of university students in Honduras. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. Self-reported data was collected from a non-random sample of 910 university students in Honduras; their average age was 24.03 years (SD=6.05). Most respondents were women (67%) with men accounting for 33% of the sample. Measurements included item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Barriers to Seeking Psychological Help Scale for College Students, and a self-reported questionnaire on social media. In response to the query, "Over the past two weeks, how frequently have you experienced thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself?" 54% (n=495) of participants indicated "not at all" 18% (n=168) reported "several days" 14% (n=129) responded "more than half of the days" and 13% (n=118) stated "nearly every day". The results from the ordinal logistic regression model indicate that sleep quality and self-esteem serve as protective factors associated with decreased suicide ideation. At the same time, a higher number of social media platforms used per week and perceived barriers to seeking psychological help increase suicide ideation. Altogether, these variables explained 19% of the variance in suicidal ideation scores. Suicidal ideation is highly prevalent among the sampled university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Landa-Blanco
- School of Psychological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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Lin J, Guo W. The Research on Risk Factors for Adolescents' Mental Health. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38667059 PMCID: PMC11047495 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing tendency for mental health disorders to emerge during adolescence. These disorders impair emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning, such as unsatisfying peer relationships, disruptive behavior, and decreased academic performance. They also contribute to vulnerability in later adulthood which negatively influences life-long well-being. Thus, research into etiology is imperative to provide implications for prevention and intervention within family and school practices. It is suggested that the onset of psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, is closely related to stress levels and patterns of stress reaction. Therefore, considerable research has investigated the link between hereditary factors, economic status, dispositional vulnerability, social relationships, and stress levels. The current study examines existing evidence and identifies multifaceted risk factors for adolescents' mental problems across three layers, including individual traits and personality, family status and practices, as well as peer relationships, and school climate. It is also suggested that factors from these three perspectives interact and are closely interconnected, directly or indirectly contributing to adolescent psychopathology. The implications for future development of prevention and intervention programs, as well as therapy, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wuyuan Guo
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
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26
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Zhang L, Wider W, Fauzi MA, Jiang L, Tanucan JCM, Naces Udang L. Psychological capital research in HEIs: Bibliometric analysis of current and future trends. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26607. [PMID: 38404889 PMCID: PMC10884929 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on psychological capital (PsyCap) within higher education institutions (HEIs). Its main objective is to offer an encompassing perspective on this field's current state and potential developments. To achieve this, the study examines present research trends and predicts future directions using a bibliometric approach. A total of 412 journal articles were gathered from the Web of Science database. The analysis identifies influential publications, outlines the knowledge structure, and forecasts future trends through bibliographic coupling and co-word analyses. The bibliographic coupling revealed five distinct clusters, while the co-word analysis identified four clusters. Despite the growing significance of PsyCap research in HEIs, there remains a need for greater academic efforts to comprehend the research landscape fully. This paper provides valuable insights into the expanding area of PsyCap research within HEIs. In conclusion, the study sheds light on the extensive research conducted on PsyCap in the context of HEIs and offers insights into its potential for further growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages for International Business, Hebei Finance University, Heibei, China
- Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Walton Wider
- Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi
- Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Leilei Jiang
- Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | | | - Lester Naces Udang
- School of Liberal Arts, Metharath University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
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Jenson C, Wolff SF, Milkovich LM. Effects of a Preventive Mental Health Curriculum Embedded Into a Scholarly Gaming Course on Adolescent Self-Esteem: Prospective Matched Pairs Experiment. JMIR Serious Games 2023; 11:e48401. [PMID: 38059568 PMCID: PMC10721133 DOI: 10.2196/48401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Positive self-esteem predicts happiness and well-being and serves as a protective factor for favorable mental health. Scholarly gaming within the school setting may serve as a channel to deliver a mental health curriculum designed to improve self-esteem. Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of a scholarly gaming curriculum with and without an embedded preventive mental health curriculum, Mental Health Moments (MHM), on adolescents' self-esteem. Methods The scholarly gaming curriculum and MHM were developed by 3 educators and a school-based health intervention expert. The scholarly gaming curriculum aligned with academic guidelines from the International Society for Technology Education, teaching technology-based career skills and video game business development. The curriculum consisted of 40 lessons, delivered over 14 weeks for a minimum of 120 minutes per week. A total of 83 schools with previous gaming engagement were invited to participate and 34 agreed. Schools were allocated to +MHM or -MHM arms through a matched pairs experimental design. The -MHM group received the scholarly gaming curriculum alone, whereas the +MHM group received the scholarly gaming curriculum plus MHM embedded into 27 lessons. MHM integrated concepts from the PERMA framework in positive psychology as well as the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) standards in education, which emphasize self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. Participants in the study were students at schools offering scholarly gaming curricula and were enrolled at recruitment sites. Participants completed a baseline and postintervention survey quantifying self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (score range 0-30). A score <15 characterizes low self-esteem. Participants who completed both baseline and postintervention surveys were included in the analysis. Results Of the 471 participants included in the analysis, 235 received the -MHM intervention, and 236 received the +MHM intervention. Around 74.9% (n=353) of participants were in high school, and most (n=429, 91.1%) reported this was their first year participating in scholarly gaming. Most participants were male (n=387, 82.2%). Only 58% (n=273) reported their race as White. The average self-esteem score at baseline was 17.9 (SD 5.1). Low self-esteem was reported in 22.1% (n=104) of participants. About 57.7% (n=60) of participants with low self-esteem at baseline rated themselves within the average level of self-esteem post intervention. When looking at the two groups, self-esteem scores improved by 8.3% among the +MHM group compared to no change among the -MHM group (P=.002). Subgroup analyses revealed that improvements in self-esteem attributed to the +MHM intervention differed by race, gender, and sexual orientation. Conclusions Adolescents enrolled in a scholarly gaming curriculum with +MHM had improved self-esteem, shifting some participants from abnormally low self-esteem scores into normal ranges. Adolescent advocates, including health care providers, need to be aware of nontraditional educational instruction to improve students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libby Matile Milkovich
- Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas CityMO, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas CityMO, United States
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Slaughter-Acey J, Simone M, Hazzard VM, Arlinghaus KR, Neumark-Sztainer D. More Than Identity: An Intersectional Approach to Understanding Mental-Emotional Well-Being of Emerging Adults by Centering Lived Experiences of Marginalization. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1624-1636. [PMID: 37401016 PMCID: PMC11484611 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding social determinants that shape pertinent developmental shifts during emerging adulthood (i.e., ages 18-25 years) and their associations with psychological health requires a nuanced approach. In our exploratory study, we investigated how multiple social identities and lived experiences generated by systems of marginalization and power (e.g., racism, classism, sexism) intersect in connection to the mental-emotional well-being of emerging adults (EAs). Eating and Activity Over Time (EAT, 2010-2018) data were collected from 1,568 EAs (mean age = 22.2 (standard deviation, 2.0) years) recruited initially in 2010 from Minneapolis/St. Paul schools. Conditional inference tree analyses were employed to treat "social location" and systems of marginalization and power as interdependent social factors influencing EAs' mental-emotional well-being outcomes: depressive symptoms, stress, self-esteem, and self-compassion. Conditional inference tree analyses identified EAs' subgroups with differing mean levels of mental-emotional well-being outcomes, distinguished primarily by marginalized social experiences (e.g., discrimination, financial difficulties) rather than social identities themselves. The relative positioning of EAs' experiences of social marginalization (e.g., discrimination) to their social identities (e.g., race/ethnicity) suggests that the social experiences generated by systems of privilege and oppression (e.g., racism) are more adjacent social determinants of mental-emotional well-being than the social identities used in public health research to proxy the oppressive systems that give them social meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Slaughter-Acey
- Correspondence to Dr. Jaime Slaughter-Acey, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 (e-mail: )
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29
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Yeo G, Tan C, Ho D, Baumeister RF. How do aspects of selfhood relate to depression and anxiety among youth? A meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4833-4855. [PMID: 37212050 PMCID: PMC10476091 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' sense of self has important implications for their mental health. Despite more than two decades of work, scholars have yet to amass evidence across studies to elucidate the role of selfhood in the mental health of adolescents. Underpinned by the conceptual model of selfhood, this meta-analytic review investigated the strength of associations of different facets of selfhood and their associated traits with depression and anxiety, moderating factors that attenuate or exacerbate these associations, and their causal influences. Using mixed-effects modeling, which included 558 effect sizes from 298 studies and 274 370 adolescents from 39 countries, our findings revealed that adolescents' self-esteem/self-concept [r = -0.518, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.49 to -0.547)] and self-compassion [r = -0.455, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.568 to -0.343)] demonstrating largest effect sizes in their associations with depression. Self-esteem/self-concept, self-compassion, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation had similar moderate negative associations with anxiety. Meta-regressions revealed that adolescent age and type of informants (parents v. adolescents) were important moderators. Findings on causal influences indicated bidirectional causations, particularly low self-esteem/self-concept, self-awareness and self-efficacy drive higher depression and vice-versa. In contrast, the different self traits did not demonstrate specific causal direction with anxiety. These results pinpoint self traits that are pivotal in relating to adolescent mental health functioning. We discussed the theoretical implications of our findings in terms of how they advance theory of selfhood for adolescent mental health, and the practical implications of building selfhood as cultivating psychological skills for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeckHong Yeo
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cameron Tan
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roy F. Baumeister
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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30
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López-Gil JF, Smith L, Gaya AR, Victoria-Montesinos D, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Herrera-Gutiérrez E, García-Hermoso A. The moderating role of recreational substance use in the association of Mediterranean diet with academic performance among adolescents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10816. [PMID: 37402752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No study has examined the potential moderating role of recreational substance use in the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and academic performance. The aim of this study was to test the potential moderating role of recreational substance use (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) in the association of adherence to the MedDiet with academic performance among adolescents. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 757 adolescents (55.6% girls) aged 12-17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia). The Region of Murcia is an autonomous community of Spain located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Teenagers (KIDMED). Recreational substance use (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis) was self-reported by adolescents. Academic performance was assessed by the school records at the end of the academic year. The relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and academic performance was moderated by both tobacco and alcohol use (for grade point average and all school records). In conclusion, higher adherence to the MedDiet was related to greater academic performance in adolescents, but recreational substance use could moderate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eva Herrera-Gutiérrez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Espinardo Campus, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Foti TR, Watson C, Adams SR, Rios N, Staunton M, Wei J, Sterling SA, Ridout KK, Young-Wolff KC. Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Prenatal Mental Health and Substance Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6289. [PMID: 37444136 PMCID: PMC10341286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and increase the risk of poor health outcomes. Resilience may offer protection against the impacts of ACEs. This study examined the association between maternal ACEs and mental/behavioral health outcomes during pregnancy overall and by resilience. The sample comprised pregnant patients in two pilot studies screened for eight ACEs and resilience during standard prenatal care in Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 1 March 2016 to 30 July 2016 (Study 1, medical centers A, B) and from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019 (Study 2, medical centers A, C). Early pregnancy outcomes included anxiety and depressive disorders, depression symptoms, intimate partner violence (IPV), and substance use. Multivariable logistic regression was used in this cross-sectional study to examine associations between maternal ACEs (0, 1-2, ≥3) and mental/behavioral health outcomes overall and among those with low and high resilience. Patients (n = 1084) averaged 30.8 years (SD 5.1); 41.7% were non-Hispanic White; 41.7% experienced ≥1 ACE, and 40.3% had low resilience. Patients with 1-2 ACEs or ≥3 ACEs (versus 0 ACEs) had higher odds of anxiety and depressive disorders, depressive symptoms, IPV, and any prenatal substance use (OR 1.44-4.40, p < 0.05). Each individual ACE was associated with ≥2 mental/behavioral health outcomes. In stratified analyses, having ≥1 ACE (vs. 0) was associated with a greater number of mental/behavioral health outcomes among patients with low versus high resilience. ACEs were associated with prenatal mental/behavioral health conditions, particularly in the context of low resilience, highlighting the importance of trauma-informed prenatal care and the need to study resilience-building interventions during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R. Foti
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carey Watson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Antioch Medical Center, Antioch, CA 94531, USA
| | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA (K.C.Y.-W.)
| | - Normelena Rios
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Dublin Medical Center, Dublin, CA 94568, USA
| | - Mary Staunton
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente, Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA 94596, USA
| | - Julia Wei
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA (K.C.Y.-W.)
| | - Stacy A. Sterling
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA (K.C.Y.-W.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kathryn K. Ridout
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA (K.C.Y.-W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Rosa Medical Center, Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA (K.C.Y.-W.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Uzun SB, Gökmen D, Saka MC, Bashirov F. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Psychopathology and Environmental Factors in Psychiatric Diseases by Nonrecursive Modeling. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2023; 24:146-152. [PMID: 37969472 PMCID: PMC10645131 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2023.221100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background In the field of psychiatry, environmental factors, disease status and severity, functionality, perceived social support, and social relations are variables that affect psychopathology. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors, disease diagnosis and severity with psychopathology using nonrecursive models included in structural equation modeling. Methods Within the scope of the study, 378 patients' demographic characteristics, as well as their responses to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Personal and Social Performance Scale were included. They were diagnosed with the International Classification of Diseases after assessment of the physician, severity of the symptoms were determined using the Clinical Global Impression Scale. The causal relationship between environmental factors and disease diagnosis with psychopathology was evaluated with the Stata program using the 3-stage least squares method within the scope of nonrecursive models. Results The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 37.3 (SD = 11.6); 61.6% were women, 58.8% had high school or lower education, 48.7% were married, and 72.1% had an income above the minimum wage. The mean score of support perceived by individuals from the environment (family, friend, partner) was 53.9 (SD = 18.9), the mean of self-esteem score was 22.8 (SD = 5.7), and the mean of trauma they experienced in their childhood due to abuse/neglect was 44.5 (SD = 12.1). It was concluded that age and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire neglect subheadings were effective in the self-esteem score, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire neglect and abuse subheadings were effective in perceived social support (P < .001). Conclusion When the causality relationships between Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Personal and Social Performance Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scores were evaluated, childhood trauma and age were determined as significant variables for self-esteem, childhood trauma for perceived support, and disease severity and diagnosis in individual and social functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Begüm Uzun
- Department of Health Statistics, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Gökmen
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meram Can Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fuad Bashirov
- Department of Psychiatry , Azerbaijan Medicine University, Bakü, Azerbaijan
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Hung J, Chen J, Chen O. Are the relationships between mental health issues and being left-behind gendered in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279278. [PMID: 37053133 PMCID: PMC10101478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most existing studies reveal left-behind children (LBC) are prone to suffering from mental health issues, some other literature fails to develop a statistical significance between being left-behind and facing mental health dilemmas. In further detail, it is noteworthy that suicide ideation is a gendered issue. Here girls, relative to their male counterparts, are more likely to experience emotional and affective challenges, alongside a higher risk of suicide ideation. Aside from suicide ideation, the rate of suicide attempts is also higher among Chinese female than among male LBC. However, Chang et al. counter-argue that, within the LBC cohorts, it is not statistically significant to state that girls were more likely for suicide attempts than boys. METHODS In this paper, a systematic review of relevant literature and a meta-analysis of all qualified randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies were conducted. The authors aim to examine all relevant studies with similar methodologies to observe the nuanced relationships between being left-behind and mental health issues in Chinese contexts. Specifically, the authors will, grounded on the findings from the systematic review and meta-analysis, assess whether the relationship between mental health issues and being left-behind is gendered in Chinese contexts by analysing all relevant findings derived from similar methodologies and the same method (i.e., RCT). RESULTS Aside from Wanjie et al.'s studies, it is noticeable that the rest of the studies share similar point estimates and their CIs overlapped to a large extent. As per the I2, given the presence of Wanjie et al.'s studies that demonstrate an observably higher degree of heterogeneity than the rest of the studies, the I2 values, each for the measurement of anxiety and depression, are 74.8 percent and 34.7 percent respectively. This shows that there is a considerable heterogeneity level for anxiety, while the heterogeneity level for depression is moderate. However, both p-values for the I2 statistics are larger than 0.05. Therefore, at the 0.05 significance level, it is statistically insignificant to reject the null hypothesis that there is no heterogeneity between individual studies in both the subgroups of anxiety and depression. Therefore, the concern of the potentially substantial heterogeneity should be irrelevant in this meta-analysis. Beyond the discussion from the forest plot, when looking at the single study addressing the relationship between being left-behind and having suicide attempts (note: LBC-OR is 1.22; 95 percent CI is 1.22 -and NLBC-OR is 1.42; 95 percent CI is 1.09-1.86 -at the p-value of 0.34), the findings demonstrate that such a relationship per se is not gendered at the 0.05 statistical significance level. However, when examining the relationship between being resilient and left-behind, such an association is gendered where the OR of female left-behind university students being resilient, relative to male left-behind university students, is slightly higher than that of female non-left-behind university students being resilient, relative to their male non-left-behind university student counterparts. It is noteworthy that this study focuses on studying left-behind and non-left-behind samples who entered universities. Since a raft of LBC are socially, educationally disadvantaged, they lack the opportunities to receive higher education. Therefore, the findings of this study might not be indicative of the LBC population at large. CONCLUSIONS While the findings of this meta-analysis project fail to reflect any gendered issues statistically, the authors are aware of the fact that the data included in this project were collected based on perception. Here samples, or their parents and teachers, were responsible for answering the questions with respect to samples' mental health status and demographic details. In China, especially in less developed rural regions, the discourse on mental health challenges might continue to be seen as taboo, so individuals giving responses might, consciously or not, tend to give socially desirable answers to avoid any potential social stigmatisation. Therefore, there is some extent of reservation regarding the validity of the included studies' data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hung
- Department of Sociology, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jackson Chen
- Department of Sociology, The London School of Economics, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Chen
- Department of Social Policy, The London School of Economics, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
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Kurtses Gürsoy B, Köseoğlu Toksoy C. Psychological Resilience and Stress Coping Styles in Migraine Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:63-72. [PMID: 36636140 PMCID: PMC9830698 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s398838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It was aimed to determine the level of psychological resilience and to investigate the psychological and clinical parameters that affect the resilience level in migraine patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 100 migraine patients and 100 healthy controls who agreed to participate in the study filled in the sociodemographic data form and also Beck Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults, Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Coping Styles Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scale. Also, the results of Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) were recorded in order to determine the clinical parameters of migraine patients. RESULTS When the migraine patients were examined in terms of the number of painful days in the last 3 months, duration of illness, and correlations between clinical scales, there were statistically significant correlations between the psychological resilience scale and well-being (r=0.691 p<0.001), positive coping styles (r=0.676 p<0.001), Beck depression scale (r=-0.670 p<0.001). CONCLUSION Self-confident approach, social support-seeking approach, and level of psychological well-being predict psychological resilience in migraine patients. Interventions aiming to increase the level of psychological resilience, which is negatively correlated with depression, are expected to increase the quality of life of patients with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Kurtses Gürsoy
- Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Cansu Köseoğlu Toksoy
- Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Lan HY, Yang L, Tsai YL, Yang PL, Lu CC, Liaw JJ. Path analysis of the effects of life stress and social support on rural adolescents' quality of life in Taiwan: Family hardiness as a mediator. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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The Mediating Role of Selfitis in the Associations between Self-Esteem, Problematic Social Media Use, Problematic Smartphone Use, Body-Self Appearance, and Psychological Distress among Young Ghanaian Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122500. [PMID: 36554024 PMCID: PMC9778429 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selfie-related activities have become pervasive to the point that they may affect the mental health of people who engage in them. To ascertain this mechanism, this study examined the mediating role of selfitis in the associations between self-esteem, problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, body-self appearance, and psychological distress among young Ghanaian adults. A total of 651 participants completed a questionnaire with measures on self-esteem, body-self appearance, problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, depression, anxiety, stress, coping skills, and selfitis. There were direct associations between all the variables except between self-esteem and selfitis. In addition, selfitis mediated the associations between problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, body-self appearance, and psychological distress except between self-esteem and psychological distress. These findings suggest that selfitis can serve as a pathway by which people who overly engage in problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, and have poor body-self appearance may experience psychological distress. Hence, there is a need for health communicators, school authorities, and opinion leaders to educate young adults on the consequences of the problematic use of technology, especially for selfitis behaviour. Future studies can examine the factors that predict selfitis behaviour among adults.
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Weitzel EC, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Zeynalova S, Henger S, Engel C, Löffler M, Reyes N, Wirkner K, Witte AV, Villringer A, Riedel-Heller SG, Löbner M. What Builds Resilience? Sociodemographic and Social Correlates in the Population-Based LIFE-Adult-Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159601. [PMID: 35954965 PMCID: PMC9368156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is closely related to mental health and well-being. Identifying risk groups with lower resilience and the variables associated with resilience informs preventive approaches. Previous research on resilience patterns in the general population is heterogeneous, and comprehensive large-scale studies are needed. The aim of our study is to examine sociodemographic and social correlates of resilience in a large population-based sample. We examined 4795 participants from the LIFE-Adult-Study. Assessments included resilience (RS-11), social support (ESSI), and social network (LSNS), as well as the sociodemographic variables age, gender, marital status, education, and occupation. The association of resilience with sociodemographic and social correlates was examined using linear regression analyses. Higher resilience was associated with female gender, married marital status, high education, and full-time occupation. Social support and social network were positively associated with resilience. Our results implicate that resilience is related to various sociodemographic variables. Social variables seem to be particularly important for resilience. We identified risk groups with lower resilience, which should be given special attention by public health policies, especially in times of crisis. Reducing loneliness and promoting social connectedness may be promising ways to build resilience in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caroline Weitzel
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9724534
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samira Zeynalova
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Henger
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- Department Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Yu X, Kong X, Cao Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, Yu B. Social Support and Family Functioning during Adolescence: A Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6327. [PMID: 35627864 PMCID: PMC9140348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of social and family factors on adolescent mental health has been widely valued. Considering adolescents' family systems in a broader social context facilitates a better understanding of their mental health, which also has special significance in the post-epidemic era. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between social support and family functioning during adolescence. Students from two middle schools in Fujian province, China, were recruited as participants. Seven hundred and fifty-four participants completed the questionnaire twice in six-month intervals. We constructed a cross-lagged model by using IBM SPSS AMOS 26.0 to test the relationship between these two variables. Social support and family functioning predicted each other in the girls, but not for the boys' sample. The results of this study suggested that the interaction between family and social factors and the possible gender differences should be considered when dealing with adolescents' mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Yu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.Y.); (Z.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiangtian Kong
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK;
| | - Ziyu Cao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.Y.); (Z.C.); (Z.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.Y.); (Z.C.); (Z.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.Y.); (Z.C.); (Z.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Binbin Yu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.Y.); (Z.C.); (Z.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
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Lai S, Zhou J, Xu X, Li S, Ji Y, Yang S, Tang W, Zhang J, Jiang J, Liu Q. Subjective well-being among AIDS orphans in southwest China: the role of school connectedness, peer support, and resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:197. [PMID: 35303813 PMCID: PMC8933895 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the health and development of AIDS orphans using the positive youth development (PYD) framework. Grounded in this framework, the main objective of this study is to examine how internal assets (i.e., resilience) and external assets (i.e., school connectedness, peer support) affect subjective well-being among Yi AIDS orphans in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted by interviewing 571 AIDS orphans and 979 non-orphans of Yi ethnic minority from 5th-10th grades. Structural equation models (SEM) were utilized to identify and estimate the direct and indirect effects of internal and external assets on subjective well-being. RESULTS The average score of subjective well-being was significantly lower for AIDS orphans than for in non-orphans (P < 0.05). Resilience, school connectedness, peer support (number of friends, caring friends), and self-rated physical health had significant and positive direct effects on subjective well-being. In addition, the effects of school connectedness, and peer support on subjective well-being were mediated by resilience. CONCLUSIONS Positive individual and school-related contextual assets can bolster subjective well-being among AIDS orphans. The design of health intervention programs for AIDS orphans should incorporate these positive development assets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Lai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Medical Affairs, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junmin Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohe Xu
- grid.215352.20000000121845633University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiying Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyi Ji
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Nosocomial Infection Management Department, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Maternal, and Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Palliative Care, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Palliative Care, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Mesman E, Vreeker A, Hillegers M. Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents: an update of the recent literature and future directions. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:586-592. [PMID: 34433193 PMCID: PMC8500371 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In order to promote optimal development of children and adolescents at risk for psychiatric disorders, a better understanding of the concept resilience is crucial. Here, we provide an overview of recent work on clinical and epidemiological correlates of resilience and mental health in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Our systematic literature search revealed 25 studies that unanimously show that higher levels of resilience are related to fewer mental health problems, despite the heterogeneity of study populations and instruments. Correlates of resilience included multisystem factors, such as social, cultural, family and individual aspects, which is in line with the multisystem approach as described by recent resilience theories. Longitudinal studies are scarce but confirm the dynamical character of resilience and mental health. The application of longitudinal studies and innovative measurement techniques will improve our understanding on the cascade effects of stressors on resilience and mental health outcomes. SUMMARY Resilience is strongly associated with mental health in children and adolescents and deserves a more prominent role in research, prevention programs and routine clinical care. Including social, cultural and family context in the evaluation of resilience is of great value, as this can identify targets for early and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mesman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Vogelaar S, Miers AC, Saab N, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. Prepandemic Risk Factors of COVID-19-Related Concerns in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:531-545. [PMID: 34448296 PMCID: PMC8456903 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To identify adolescents who may be at risk for adverse outcomes, we examined the extent of COVID-19-related concerns reported by adolescents and investigated which prepandemic risk and protective factors predicted these concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dutch adolescents (N = 188; Mage = 13.49, SD = .81) were assessed before the pandemic and at eight and ten months into the pandemic. Results demonstrated that adolescents' most frequently reported COVID-19-related concerns were about social activities and getting delayed in school. Adolescents that have specific vulnerabilities before the pandemic (i.e., higher stress, maladaptive coping, or internalizing problems) experience more concerns during the pandemic, stressing the importance of guiding and supporting these adolescents in order to prevent adverse developmental outcomes.
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Childhood Trauma and Psychological Distress: A Serial Mediation Model among Chinese Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136808. [PMID: 34202902 PMCID: PMC8297141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The consequence of childhood trauma may last for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of childhood trauma on general distress among Chinese adolescents and explore the potential mediating roles of social support and family functioning in the childhood trauma-general distress linkage. A total of 2139 valid questionnaires were collected from two high schools in southeast China. Participants were asked to complete the questionnaires measuring childhood trauma, social support, family functioning, and general distress. Pathway analysis was conducted by using SPSS AMOS 24.0 and PROCESS Macro for SPSS 3.5. Results showed that childhood trauma was positively associated with general distress among Chinese adolescents. Social support and family functioning independently and serially mediated the linkage of childhood trauma and general distress. These findings confirmed and complemented the ecological system theory of human development and the multisystem developmental framework for resilience. Furthermore, these findings indicated that the mental and emotional problems of adolescents who had childhood trauma were not merely issues of adolescents themselves, but concerns of the whole system and environment.
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Lai S, Su C, Song S, Yan M, Tang C, Zhang Q, Yin F, Liu Q. Depression and Deliberate Self-Harm Among Rural Adolescents of Sichuan Province in Western China: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:605785. [PMID: 34589002 PMCID: PMC8473622 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.605785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the change in the prevalence and association of depression and deliberate self-harm and their common and independent influencing factors among western Chinese rural adolescents. Methods: A total of 2,744 junior and senior high school students from two rural schools in Sichuan Province, China, participated in the baseline survey and were invited to participate in two follow-up surveys. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, a deliberate self-harm item, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were administered. A bivariate four-level logistic regression model was used for analysis. Results: The prevalence of depression and deliberate self-harm were 39.6 and 21.2%, respectively. Regular physical exercise, a good relationship with parents, high resilience, and high self-esteem were common protective factors for both depression and deliberate self-harm. Feeling disliked by teachers was a common risk factor for both. Being female, having a mother who emigrated as a migrant worker before the student was 3 years old, feeling disliked by classmates and having a poor family economic status were associated only with an increased risk of depression. Participants with medium social support were less likely to report deliberate self-harm than those with low or high support. Depression and deliberate self-harm were clustered at the class level. Conclusions: The comorbidity of depression and deliberate self-harm in rural adolescents should be given ample attention. Interventions should consider the class clustering of depression and deliberate self-harm and their common and unique influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Lai
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Medical Administration, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxia Yan
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmeng Tang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Research Center for Palliative Care, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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