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Mehrotra D, Shetty RY, Shetty J, Kumar BM, Shetty AV, Shetty S, Shetty RN. Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Purified Mercury in Human Gingival Fibroblasts- In vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S2046-S2048. [PMID: 39346483 PMCID: PMC11426568 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1293_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Since the introduction of amalgam for tooth fillings, there have been concerns that mercury toxicity could pose unacceptable health risks. Rasa shastra is an ancient medical discipline that focuses on the utilization of metals and minerals for the treatment of diseases. Nevertheless, these minerals cannot be directly administered to the human body in their natural state due to their potential adverse effects. Hence, for medicinal purposes, these metals and minerals need to undergo purification (Shodhana) to eliminate impurities and modify their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Methodology Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were exposed to commercially available mercury (CA-Hg) and ayurvedically purified mercury (AP-Hg) at concentrations of 6.25 μM, 12.5 μM, 25 μM and 50 μM. The unexposed HGF cultured in basal media was considered a control. All the samples were cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours, and the cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. Results Cell viability between the control and experimental groups varied at 24 hours, however, the results were not statistically significant (p>0.05). At 48 hours, cell viability was higher in the AP-Hg group as compared to the CA-Hg group at the concentration of 6.25 μM, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The cell proliferation assay results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the mean optical density values (p<0.05) between CA-Hg and AP-Hg at 12.50 μM, 25 μM, and 50, μM concentrations observed at 24 hours. At 48 hours, a statistically significant difference in the mean OD values (p<0.05) between CA-Hg and AP-Hg at all four concentrations was observed. Conclusion: AP-Hg at a concentration of 6.25 μM demonstrated higher cell viability at 48 hours. Further, the cell proliferation rate was also higher for AP-Hg at all concentrations at 24 and 48 hours. These results indicated a less cytotoxic effect of AP-Hg than CA-Hg in HGF and hence could be employed for dental amalgam preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Mehrotra
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.Y. Patil University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajmohan Y Shetty
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayaprakasha Shetty
- Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Mohana Kumar
- Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A Veena Shetty
- Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shraddha Shetty
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Muniyal Institute of Ayurveda Medical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi N Shetty
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, A J Institute of Dental Sciences, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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A Pilot Study on Monomer and Bisphenol A (BPA) Release from UDMA-Based and Conventional Indirect Veneering Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214580. [PMID: 36365574 PMCID: PMC9656414 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from conventional (Dialog Vario, Enamel Plus HFO) and UDMA-based indirect veneering composites (VITA VM LC, GC Gradia). Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared (n = 40), immersed in HPLC grade water, and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37 °C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed following ISO 10993-12 and monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. In all the samples, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and bisphenol A (BPA) were quantifiable. Compared to water blanks, BPA levels were only elevated in the eluates from conventional composites. In all other samples, concentrations were in the range of extraneous BPA and were therefore clinically irrelevant. Low concentrations of Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) were found in one BPA-free composite and in both conventional materials. Statistical analyses showed that BPA-free materials released significantly less BisGMA and no BPA, while UDMA elution was comparable to elution from conventional materials. All measured concentrations were below reported effective cytotoxic concentrations. Considering these results, the substitution of BPA-derivatives with UDMA might be beneficial since BPA-associated adverse effects are ruled out. Further studies should be enrolled to test the biocompatibility of UDMA on cells of the oral environment.
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Halder AK, Delgado AHS, Cordeiro MNDS. First multi-target QSAR model for predicting the cytotoxicity of acrylic acid-based dental monomers. Dent Mater 2021; 38:333-346. [PMID: 34955234 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acrylic acid derivatives are frequently used as dental monomers and their cytotoxicity towards various cell lines is well documented. This study aims to probe the structural and physicochemical attributes responsible for higher toxicity of dental monomers, using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) modeling approaches. METHODS A regression-based linear single-target QSAR (st-QSAR) model was developed with a comparatively small dataset containing 39 compounds, the cytotoxicity of which has been assessed over the Hela S3 cell line. By contrast, a classification-based multi-target QSAR model was developed with 138 compounds, the cytotoxicity of which has been reported against 18 different cell lines. Both models were set up following rigorous validation protocols confirming their statistical significance and robustness. RESULTS The performance of the linear mt-QSAR model, developed with various feature selection and post-selection similarity searching-based schemes, superseded that of all non-linear models produced with six machine learning methods by hyperparameter optimization. The final derived st-QSAR and mt-QSAR linear models are shown to be highly predictive, as well as revealing the crucial structural and physicochemical factors responsible for higher cytotoxicity of the dental monomers. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first attempt on unveiling the cytotoxicity of dental monomers over several cell lines by means of a single multi-target QSAR model. Further, such a model is ready to get widespread applicability in the screening of new monomers, judging from its almost accurate predictions over diverse experimental assay conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Halder
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - António H S Delgado
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. A comparative in vitro study on monomer release from bisphenol A-free and conventional temporary crown and bridge materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12826. [PMID: 34879174 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from two conventional and two bisphenol A (BPA)-free temporary crown and bridge materials. Cylindrical samples of all materials were prepared (N = 90; five samples for each material and cycle of analysis). All samples were immersed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and incubated for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed in accordance with ISO 10993-12. Eluted monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS). Analysis of BPA was performed by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (HPLC-UV/Vis) and positive results were verified by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Neither bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) nor BPA was quantifiable in any of the crown and bridge samples investigated in the present study. However, all samples contained triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and/or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) after 24 h of incubation. Statistical analysis showed that significantly more UDMA was released from the BPA-free materials than from the conventional materials. All concentrations of UDMA measured were below the effective cytotoxic concentrations previously reported. However, for a few materials, especially BPA-free temporary crown and bridge materials, the levels of UDMA were above previously reported potentially harmful concentrations for local cells. As BPA-free materials were introduced as being more biocompatible than materials containing BPA, substitution of Bis-GMA with UDMA should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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The effect of new anti-adhesive and antibacterial dental resin filling materials on gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1416-1424. [PMID: 34253351 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of four experimental antiadhesive and antibacterial dental filling composites on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS For these experimental resin composites a delivery system based on novel polymeric hollow beads, loaded with Tego Protect (Aa1), Dimethicone (Aa2), Irgasan (Ab1) and methacrylated polymerizable Irgasan (Ab2) as active agents was used. The cultured HGFs' cell integrity, proliferation, viability, collagen synthesis and cytokine release were measured. For this purpose, human gingival fibroblasts were treated with eluates from all four composites and compared with an experimental standard composite (ST). Eluate extraction times 24 h and 168 h were chosen. RESULTS Statistical analysis was conducted via a mixed model. Both antibacterial composites reduced proliferation, collagen and cytokine synthesis significantly (p < 0.05), increasing with time of elution. Ab1 did also have a damaging effect on the membrane and on cell viability. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, it can be concluded that the antiadhesive composites showed clear advantages over the antibacterial composites in terms of biocompatibility. This study also continues to show the potential of the new poly-pore system, as it can be used for a variety of other applications in future composite mixtures.
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De Nys S, Duca RC, Vervliet P, Covaci A, Boonen I, Elskens M, Vanoirbeek J, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Bisphenol A as degradation product of monomers used in resin-based dental materials. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1020-1029. [PMID: 33896600 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is still much debate about the release of bisphenol-A (BPA) from dental materials. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify BPA present as an impurity in both BPA-based and non-BPA-based monomers and to evaluate whether these monomers may degrade to BPA upon salivary, bacterial, and chemical challenges. METHODS BPA was determined in three different amounts (1, 2, and 3 μmol) of each monomer (TEGDMA, UDMA, mUDMA, BisGMA, BisEMA-3, -6, -10, -30, BisPMA, EBPADMA urethane, BADGE, and BisDMA). Next, the monomers (3 μmol) were immersed in whole human pooled saliva collected from adults, Streptococcus mutans (2 × 107 CFU/mL), and acidic (0.1 M HCl), alkaline (0.1 M NaOH), and control media. The amount of BPA was quantified using a specific and highly sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method including derivatization of BPA by pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride. RESULTS The monomers BisGMA and BisEMA-3 contained trace amounts (0.0006% and 0.0025%, respectively) of BPA as impurities of their synthesis process. BPA concentrations increased when the monomers BisGMA, BisEMA-3, BisEMA-6, BisEMA-10, BisPMA and BADGE were exposed to saliva and S. mutans, indicating degradation of a small amount of monomer into BPA. In addition, BisPMA and BADGE degraded into BPA under alkaline conditions. The conversion rate of the monomers into BPA ranged between 0.0003% and 0.0025%. SIGNIFICANCE Impurities and degradation of BPA-based monomers may account for the release of BPA from resin-based dental materials. Even though the detected amounts of BPA due to monomer impurity were small, manufacturers of dental materials can reduce the BPA content by using only monomers of the highest purity. Considering the overall current trend towards BPA-free materials, it may be recommendable to investigate whether non-BPA based monomers can be used in dental resin-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Vervliet
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, D.S.551, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, D.S.551, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Imke Boonen
- Laboratory of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Laboratory of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Nazar AM, George L, Mathew J. Effect of layer thickness on the elution of monomers from two high viscosity bulk-fill composites: A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:497-504. [PMID: 33911360 PMCID: PMC8066676 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_535_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim is to evaluate the effect of different layer thickness on the amount of elution of monomers from two high viscosity bulk-fill composites after 24 h and 1 month storage in ethanol using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight samples prepared from two high viscosity bulk-fill composite resins; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and x-tra fil were divided into three groups (n = 8) based on their layer thickness, i.e., Group 1 (2 mm), Group 2 (4 mm), and Group 3 (6 mm) and were then subdivided based on their storage period. The analysis of the eluates was performed using HPLC unit. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and paired “t” test at a significance level of 0.05 (P < 0.05). Results: Increase in layer thickness resulted in increased amount of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) elution for both composites, i.e., Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1 and there was statistically significant difference among all the groups. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill showed a statistically significant increase in amount of Bis-GMA and UDMA elution for all groups compared to x-tra fil. Furthermore, increase in storage period resulted in statistically significant increase in amount of Bis-GMA and UDMA elution for both composites, i.e., Group 1B > Group 1A, Group 2B > Group 2A, and Group 3B > Group 3A. The mean value of UDMA elution was higher when compared to that of Bis-GMA elution for both composites and there was statistically significant difference for all groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that increase in layer thickness resulted in increased amount of Bis-GMA and UDMA elution for both Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and x-tra fil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anciya Mohamed Nazar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Liza George
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Josey Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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Dental resin monomers induce early and potent oxidative damage on human odontoblast-like cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109336. [PMID: 33248029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental materials consist of filler particles and different monomers that are light cured in situ to re-establish dental function and aesthetics. Due to the degree of conversion of adhesive polymers, the monomers triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are released in relatively high amounts and are susceptible to degradation, acting as bioactive compounds and affecting cell and tissues. This study aimed to assess the effect of HEMA and TEGDMA exposure on metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and cell survival of human odontoblast-like cell (hOLCs). Exposure to resin monomers for 24 h induced major changes in cell membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and survival, which were measured by the calcein method and lactate dehydrogenase release. Increased and early reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed leading to degradative oxidation of membrane lipids identified as malondialdehyde production. Severe alteration in mitochondria occurred due to transmembrane mitochondrial potential collapse, possibly inducing activation of apoptotic cell death. hOLCs exposure to resin monomers modified the cell redox potential, with consequences on membrane permeability and integrity, including mitochondrial function. Lipid peroxidation appears to be a key phenomenon for the membrane structures oxidation after HEMA and TEGDMA exposure, leading to cell death and cytotoxicity. hOLCs respond early by differential induction of adaptive mechanisms to maintain cell homeostasis. Modulation of oxidative stress-induced response involves the regulation of genes that encode for antioxidant proteins such as catalase and heme oxygenase-1; regulation that functions as a critical protection mechanism against oxidative cell damage induced by HEMA and TEGDMA. Ascorbic acid as an antioxidant substance mitigates the oxidative damage associated with exposure to monomers.
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Demirel G, Demirsoy FFK, Irmak Ö. Cytotoxicity evaluation of eluates from universal adhesives by real-time cell analysis. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:815-824. [PMID: 32507798 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of universal adhesives on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line by using a real-time cell analysis. In order to obtain extract, six different cured dental adhesives were immersed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) at 37°C for 24 h. A real-time cell analysis system was used to assess cytotoxicity of the dental adhesives. After seeding 25,000 cells/300 μL/well cell suspensions into the wells of an e-plate, fibroblasts were exposed to extracts of tested adhesives at varying dilutions (1:1, 1:2, and 1:10) and observed at every 30 min intervals for 72 h. Three-way ANOVA one factor repeated measures were used to analyze the results (α=0.05). All tested adhesives induced cell viability loss, cell morphology alteration, and cell death depending on extract concentration and time. Cell viability of L929 cells to between 44 and 10% for 1:1 diluted extracts, at 72 h, when compared to the negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbike Demirel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara University
| | | | - Özgür Irmak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Near East University
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Monomer release from surgical guide resins manufactured with different 3D printing devices. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1486-1492. [PMID: 32972769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the post curing monomer release of resins applicable for 3D printing of surgical implant guides in dependency of printing technique and storing media using high performance liquidchromatography. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens of Nextdent SG, Freeprint Splint, Fotodent Guide, 3Delta Guide, and V-print SG (n = 4) were additively manufactured with the corresponding DLP/SLA printing devices (Rapidshape D20II, Form2, Solflex350). Postprocessing was done according to the manufacturer's specifications. Subsequently, samples were eluted in methanol and water for 3 days and analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS A total of twelve different substances released from the tested resin materials. The highest eluted concentration for MMA in methanol was 20.27 ± 8.60 μg/mL followed by 12.66 ± 3.38 μg/mL of HPMA. HEMA was found at concentration of 11.17 ± 2.43 μg/mL in methanol and 1.15 ± 0.11 μg/mL in water. TPGDA and TEGDMA reached maximum concentration in methanol of 4.29 ± 0.54 μg/mL and 5.07 ± 0.93 μg/mL and in water of 0.79 ± 0.19 μg/mL and 0.36 ± 0.14 μg/mL, respectively. Significant difference was found for the material Nextdent SG manufactured on SLA and DLP printing device for THFMA (p = 0.041), TEGDMA (p = 0.026), TPGDA (p = 0.05) and EGDMA (p = 0.06). The amount of monomers released into water did not reach the detection threshold for V-print SG. SIGNIFICANCE The study revealed significant influence of the printing technique and resin material on the elution of monomers. The elution in methanol and water was significantly different. While the relative amount of eluted monomers from 3D printed guides is comparable to conventional direct composites and below toxic relevant concentrations, the absolute amount of monomer can rise in a clinic situation due to the size of the guides.
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Demirel G, Gür G, Demirsoy FF, Altuntaş EG, Yener-Ilce B, Kiliçarslan MA. Cytotoxic effects of contemporary bulk-fill dental composites: A real-time cell analysis. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:101-110. [PMID: 31564690 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of contemporary flowable and paste-like bulk-fill dental composites by using a real-time cell analysis. In the present paper, cytotoxicity levels of five flowable, five paste-like bulk-fill composite materials and one conventional flowable, one conventional paste-like resin composite were examined on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. After seeding 25,000 cells/300 μL/well cell suspensions into the wells of an E-plate, test materials were added and observed at every 30 min intervals for 72 h. Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U multiple comparison tests were used to analyze the results. Pre-reacted glass-ionomer (PRG) containing bulk-fill composites were severely toxic at all time points (24, 48 and 72 h, p<0.05). None of the tested composites demonstrated high cell viability (>70%) at 48 and 72 h. Flowable and paste-like composites of the same brand exhibited similar cytotoxic properties (p>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbike Demirel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University
| | - Gürkan Gür
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University
| | - Fatma Funda Demirsoy
- Systems Biotechnology Advanced Reseach Unit, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University
| | - Evrim Güneş Altuntaş
- Systems Biotechnology Advanced Reseach Unit, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University
| | - Burcu Yener-Ilce
- Systems Biotechnology Advanced Reseach Unit, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University
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12
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Barszczewska-Rybarek IM. A Guide through the Dental Dimethacrylate Polymer Network Structural Characterization and Interpretation of Physico-Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4057. [PMID: 31817410 PMCID: PMC6947234 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Material characterization by the determination of relationships between structure and properties at different scales is essential for contemporary material engineering. This review article provides a summary of such studies on dimethacrylate polymer networks. These polymers serve as photocuring organic matrices in the composite dental restorative materials. The polymer network structure was discussed from the perspective of the following three aspects: the chemical structure, molecular structure (characterized by the degree of conversion and crosslink density (chemical as well as physical)), and supramolecular structure (characterized by the microgel agglomerate dimensions). Instrumental techniques and methodologies currently used for the determination of particular structural parameters were summarized. The influence of those parameters as well as the role of hydrogen bonding on basic mechanical properties of dimethacrylate polymer networks were finally demonstrated. Mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact resistance were discussed. The issue of the relationship between chemical structure and water sorption was also addressed.
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Shahi S, Özcan M, Maleki Dizaj S, Sharifi S, Al-Haj Husain N, Eftekhari A, Ahmadian E. A review on potential toxicity of dental material and screening their biocompatibility. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:368-377. [PMID: 30642212 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1566424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A wide range of compounds are utilized in dentistry such as dental composites, resins, and implants. The successful clinical use of dental materials relies on theirm physiochemical properties as well as biological and toxicological reliability. Different local and systemic toxicities of dental materials have been reported. Placement of these materials in oral cavity for a long time period might yield unwanted reactions. An extensive variety of materials is used in dentistry including filling materials, restorative materials, intracanal medicines, prosthetic materials, different types of implants, liners, and irrigants. The increasing rate in development of the novel materials with applications in the dental field has led to an increased consciousness of the biological risks and tempting restrictions of these materials. The biocompatibility of a biomaterial used for the replacement or filling of biological tissue such as teeth always had a high concern within the health care disciplines for patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Any material used in humans should be tested before clinical application. There are many tests evaluating biocompatibility of these materials at the point of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations. RESULTS The current review discusses the potential toxicity of dental material and screening of their biocompatibility. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is essential to use healthy and safe materials medical approaches. In dentistry, application of different materials in long-term oral usage demands low or nontoxic agents gains importance for both patients and the staff. Furthermore, screening tests should evaluate any potential toxicity before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Shahi
- a Dental and Periodontal Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- b Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science , University of Zürich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- a Dental and Periodontal Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- a Dental and Periodontal Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Nadin Al-Haj Husain
- c Specialization Candidate, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology , School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- d Pharmacology and Toxicology Department , Maragheh University of Medical Sciences , Maragheh , Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- a Dental and Periodontal Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,e Students' Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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14
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Angelieri F, da Silva YS, Ribeiro DA. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by eluates from orthodontic glass ionomer cements in vitro. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30:38-42. [PMID: 30166869 PMCID: PMC6112347 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of some orthodontic glass ionomer cements commercially available by means of the single cell gel (comet) assay. For this purpose, five commercial orthodontic glass ionomer cements (Vidrion C®, Meron®, Optiband®, Multicure® and Ultra Band Lok®) were tested in murine fibroblasts in vitro. For this purpose, eluates from each cement were prepared according manufactures instructions at 0, 2, 4, 8, 18, 32 and 64 days of immersion in artificial saliva at 37 °C. All orthodontic glass ionomer cements failed to induce cytotoxicity to murine fibroblasts for all periods evaluated in this study. However, Vidrion C® was able to induce genotoxicity after 64 days of exposure to eluates. Meron® also demonstrated genotoxicity as depicted by increasing DNA damage on 2nd day. Multicure® demonstrated genotoxicity on 32nd day and Ultra band Lok on 18th, 32nd days of exposure. Taken together, our results demonstrated that orthodontic cements derived from resin-modified glass ionomer composite (Multicure®) and compomer (Ultra Band Lok®) cause genetic damage in mammalian cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Angelieri
- Department of Orthodontics, São Paulo Methodist University, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, Guarulhos University, Brazil
| | - Yuri Slusarenko da Silva
- Department of Orthodontics, São Paulo Methodist University, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Putzeys E, Cokic SM, Chong H, Smet M, Vanoirbeek J, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL, Duca RC. Simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A based compounds and other monomers leaching from resin-based dental materials by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 40:1063-1075. [PMID: 28054450 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental materials have raised debates concerning their safety and biocompatibility, resulting in a growing necessity of profound knowledge on the quantity of released compounds into the oral cavity. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive and reliable procedure based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of various leached compounds (including bisphenol A based compounds) in samples from in vitro experiments. Different experiments were performed to determine the optimal analytical parameters, comprising mass spectrometry parameters, chromatographic separation conditions, and sample preparation. Four internal standards were used as follows: deuterated diethyl phthalate and bisphenol A (commercially available), and deuterated analogues of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and urethane dimethacrylate (custom-made). The optimized method was validated for linearity of the calibration curves and the associated correlation coefficient, lower limit of quantification, higher limit of quantification, and intra- and interassay accuracy and precision. Additionally, the developed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to the analysis of leaching compounds from four resin-based dental materials. The results indicated that this method is suitable for the analysis of different target compounds leaching from dental materials. This method might serve as a valuable basis for quick and accurate quantification of leached compounds from resin-based dental materials in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Putzeys
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hui Chong
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Mary SJ, Girish KL, Joseph TI, Sathyan P. Genotoxic Effects of Silver Amalgam and Composite Restorations: Micronuclei-Based Cohort and Case-Control Study in Oral Exfoliated Cells. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:249-254. [PMID: 29875569 PMCID: PMC5968691 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_849_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context A huge number of people carry dental fillings which contain either mercury-based amalgam and/or the recently introduced methacrylate-based resins. It has been shown that both these materials are known to be leached into the oral cavity and induce genotoxic alterations in the buccal mucosal cells. Because of its low cost and ease of manipulation, dental amalgam is still widely used as a restorative material in developing countries. The health risks associated with the components of this restorative material has always been a matter of concern. The present study was designed to assess the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in oral mucosal cells as it is a promising tool for studying the genotoxic effect of clastogenic agents on them. Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic effects of silver amalgam and composite restorations by measuring the mean number of MN in oral exfoliated cells. Materials and Methods The present study was a prospective cohort study which includes a study group consisting of 110 participants. The study sample was equally divided into 55 participants requiring only amalgam restoration and 55 participants requiring only composite restoration in any permanent molar teeth. The same participants before the restoration formed the control group. Smears were obtained from each patient before and 10 days after restoration and were stained with DNA-specific Feulgen stain. The number of cells containing MN out of 500 cells were counted and recorded. After the evaluation of the slides, the results were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis. Results There was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) variation in the mean number of MN after the restoration in both amalgam (5.41 ± 1.25) and composite (2.83 ± 0.85) restorations when compared to before the restoration. However, the mean number of MN in composite restoration was significantly less when compared to amalgam restoration. There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean number of MN in subjects with single restoration when compared with multiple restorations in both amalgam and composite restorations. Conclusions The observations from the present study showed the genotoxic effect of amalgam and composite restorations on the oral cavity. However, composite restorations were least cytotoxic when compared to amalgam restoration. Future research and technical advancements are needed for developing safer materials for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeslin Mary
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K L Girish
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Isaac Joseph
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeesh Sathyan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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In-vitro transdentinal diffusion of monomers from adhesives. J Dent 2018; 75:91-97. [PMID: 29864446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biocompatibility of adhesives is important since adhesives may be applied on dentin near the pulp. Accurate knowledge of the quantity of monomers reaching the pulp is important to determine potential side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the transdentinal diffusion of residual monomers from dental adhesive systems using an in-vitro pulp chamber model. METHODS Dentin disks with a thickness of 300 μm were produced from human third molars. These disks were fixed between two open glass tubes, representing an in-vitro pulp chamber. The etch-and-rinse adhesive OptiBond FL and the self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond were applied to the dentin side of the disks, while on in the pulpal side, the glass tube was filled with 600 μl water. The transdentinal diffusion of different monomers was quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The monomers HEMA, CQ, BisGMA, GPDM, 10-MDP and UDMA eluted from the dental materials and were able to diffuse through the dentin disks to a certain extent. Compounds with a lower molecular weight (uncured group: HEMA 7850 nmol and CQ 78.2 nmol) were more likely to elute and diffuse compared to monomers with a higher molecular weight (uncured group: BisGMA 0.42 nmol). When the adhesives were left uncured, diffusion was up to 10 times higher compared to the cured conditions. CONCLUSIONS This in-vitro research resulted in the quantification of various monomers able to diffuse through dentin and therefore contributes to a more detailed understanding about the potential exposure of the dental pulp to monomers from dental adhesives. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Biocompatibility of adhesives is important since adhesives may be applied on dentin near the pulp, where tubular density and diameter are greatest.
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18
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Styllou P, Styllou M, Hickel R, Högg C, Reichl FX, Scherthan H. NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:638-646. [PMID: 28747595 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Released (co)monomers from dental composite components can induce DNA damage of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity. Here, we tested whether the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to reduce the dental composite-induced DSBs in primary human gingiva fibroblasts. The dental composites Bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-glycerolate dimethacrylate), GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) were found to induce co-localizing microscopic nuclear foci numbers of the DSB markers γ-H2AX and 53BP1 per cell in the order: GMA>Bis-GMA>TEGDMA>HEMA. Supplementation of (co)monomer-containing culture medium with NAC led to a significant reduction of resin-induced DSBs as well as to an amelioration of dental monomer-induced nuclear chromatin condensation in gingival fibroblasts. Thus, antioxidant treatment can reduce radical-induced chromatin and DNA damage and open avenues to mitigate genotoxic effects of dental composite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panorea Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Marianthi Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Franz Xaver Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affil. to the University of Ulm
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19
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Omrani LR, Farjadfar S, Pedram P, Sadray S, Kamangar SSH, Chiniforoush N. Effect of Laser-assisted and Conventional In-office Bleaching on Monomer Release from Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Composite. Laser Ther 2017; 26:89-96. [PMID: 28785128 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.17-or-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bleaching might affect structural properties of composite materials, and lead to monomer release. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Laser-assisted and conventional in-office bleaching on the release of BIS-GMA, TEGDMA, and UDMA monomers from a nanohybrid and a microhybrid BIS-GMA based composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 samples of each composite, were divided into 4 subgroups; subgroup 1: Conventional in-office bleaching (CIB) with the Opalescence Boost PF 38% gel, subgroup 2: Laser-assisted bleaching (LBO) with the Opalescence Boost PF 38% gel, subgroup 3: Laser-assisted bleaching (LBH) with the JW Power bleaching gel, subgroup 4: (CO) control without bleaching. All the samples were immersed in tubes of 2cc Ethanol 75% medium. The released monomers were analyzed using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method 24 h, 7, and 28 days. Data's were analyzed by Univariate Analysis of Variance test followed by Tukeys HSD. RESULTS The amount of TEGDMA monomer released was not significant. However, nanohybrid composites showed significantly more monomer release than microhybrid composites (P < 0.05). For UDMA the interaction was significant only after 1 week. In microhybrid composites, the CO subgroup showed more monomer release than LBH and LBO. In nanohybrid composites, LBH showed more monomer release than CIB and CO subgroups. For BIS-GMA monomers the interaction was significant at all time periods and the LBH subgroup of nanohybrid composite had significantly more BIS_GMA release in comparison to other subgroups. CONCLUSION Bleaching by laser with JW Power Bleaching gel led to more monomer release in nanohybrid composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
- Operative dentistry department, school of dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Parham Pedram
- Dental Student's Scientific Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Sima Sadray
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Nasim Chiniforoush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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20
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Effect of layer thickness on the elution of bulk-fill composite components. Dent Mater 2017; 33:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Own brand label restorative materials-A false bargain? J Dent 2016; 56:84-98. [PMID: 27836814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims at evaluating and comparing mechanical, chemical, and cytotoxicological parameters of a commercial brand name composite material against two 'own brand label' (OBL) composites. METHODS Parameters included depth of cure, flexural strength, degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, filler particle morphology and elemental analyzes, Vickers hardness, surface roughness parameters after abrasion, monomer elution, and cytotoxicity. RESULTS The conventional composite outperformed the OBLS in terms of depth of cure (p<0.001), degree of cure at the first and last time intervals (p<0.001), hardness (p<0.001), and post-abrasion roughness (p<0.05). The polymerization volumetric shrinkage ranged from 2.86% to 4.13%, with the highest shrinkage seen among the OBLs. Both Monomer elution from the OBLs was statistically significantly higher (p<0.001). Statistically significantly higher cytotoxicity combined with altered morphology and loss of confluence was detected in the cells exposed to extracts from the OBLs. CONCLUSIONS The OBLs were in general outdone by the conventional composite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OBLs restorative materials have become pervasive in the dental market. Manufacturers often promise equal or better characteristics than existing brand-name composites, but at a lower price. Dentists are highly recommended to reconsider utilization of OBLs lacking sound scientific scrutiny, and our findings underscore this recommendation.
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22
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Omurlu H, Arisu HD, Dalkilic EE, Tamer U, Torul H. Investigation of eluted monomers from resin-based root canal sealer by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:92-96. [PMID: 27011746 PMCID: PMC4784161 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.175691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine the amount of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), bisphenol A ethoxylated dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) eluted from resin-based root canal sealer, epiphany, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and Methods: Epiphany was placed into the plastic molds and light-cured with a light emitting diode. After the curing process, each specimen in the first group (n = 12) was immersed in Eppendorf tubes containing a phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) and incubated for 45 s. In the second group, each specimen (n = 12) was immersed in Eppendorf tubes containing PBS and incubated for 24 h. Of the specimen extracts, 100 μL were subjected to HPLC. Analysis of data was accomplished with one-way analysis of variance (P < 0.05). Results: All of the samples eluted HEMA, UDMA, Bis-GMA, PEGDMA, and Bis-EMA. A significant difference was determined between the time periods of HEMA, UDMA, PEGDMA, and Bis-EMA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that Epiphany releases HEMA, UDMA, Bis-GMA, PEGDMA, and Bis-EMA in both time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Omurlu
- Department of Restorative and Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Hacer Deniz Arisu
- Department of Restorative and Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | | | - Ugur Tamer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Hilal Torul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
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Banava S, Najibfard K, Garcia-Godoy F, Saghiri MA, Ghahremani MH, Ostad N. Impact of Dilution and Polymerization on Cytotoxicity of Dentin Adhesives to Human Gingival Fibroblasts: Early Exposure Time. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:151-8. [PMID: 26697147 PMCID: PMC4682011 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dilution and curing methods of an etch-and-rinse adhesive and a self-etching primer from the same manufacturer at early exposure time on cytotoxicity of primary human gingival fibroblasts. Materials and methods. Primary human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to different dilutions of Adper Single Bond (ASB) and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APL) (3M ESPE, USA). They were evaluated in unpolymerized mode for 20 s, 5 min and 24 h and in polymerized mode for 24 h and 48 h. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using three cytotoxic tests (MTT, cell counting and DNA condensation). Data was analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey HSD test. Results. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that unpolymerized APL was more cytotoxic compared to ASB after 20 s (P<0.05). By increasing the time to 5 min and 24 h, ASB was more cytotoxic than APL with lower dilutions. Polymerized ASB was more toxic than APL. Conclusion. Both adhesives were cytotoxic in different dilutions, times and curing modes. Cytotoxicity of the unpolymerized self-etching primer (APL) was more than etch-and-rinse adhesive (ASB) in 20 s, which is important clinically and dentists should be aware of the harmful effects and try to minimize it by curing and rinsing soon after composite resin insertion. ASB was more cytotoxic at 5 min and 24h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Banava
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Naser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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24
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Aljabo A, Xia W, Liaqat S, Khan MA, Knowles JC, Ashley P, Young AM. Conversion, shrinkage, water sorption, flexural strength and modulus of re-mineralizing dental composites. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1279-89. [PMID: 26361809 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cure, volumetric changes and mechanical properties were assessed for new dental composites containing chlorhexidine (CHX) and reactive calcium phosphate-containing (CaP) to reduce recurrent caries. METHODS 20wt.% of light curable urethane dimethacrylate based liquid was mixed with 80wt.% glass filler containing 10wt.% CHX and 0-40wt.% CaP. Conversion versus depth with 20 or 40s light exposure was assessed by FTIR. Solidification depth and polymerization shrinkage were determined using ISO 4049 and 17304, respectively. Subsequent volume expansion and biaxial flexural strength and modulus change upon water immersion were determined over 4 weeks. Hydroxyapatite precipitation in simulated body fluid was assessed at 1 week. RESULTS Conversion decreased linearly with both depth and CaP content. Average solidification depths were 4.5, 3.9, 3.3, 2.9 and 5.0 with 0, 10, 20, and 40% CaP and a commercial composite, Z250, respectively. Conversions at these depths were 53±2% for experimental materials but with Z250 only 32%. With Z250 more than 50% conversion was achieved only below 1.1mm. Shrinkage was 3% and 2.5% for experimental materials and Z250, respectively. Early water sorption increased linearly, whilst strength and modulus decreased exponentially to final values when plotted versus square root of time. Maximum volumetric expansion increased linearly with CaP rise and balanced shrinkage at 10-20wt.% CaP. Strength and modulus for Z250 decreased from 191 to 158MPa and 3.2 to 2.5GPa. Experimental composites initial strength and modulus decreased linearly from 169 to 139MPa and 5.8 to 3.8GPa with increasing CaP. Extrapolated final values decreased from 156 to 84MPa and 4.1 to 1.7GPa. All materials containing CaP promoted hydroxyapatite precipitation. SIGNIFICANCE The lower surface of composite restorations should both be solid and have greater than 50% conversion. The results, therefore, suggest the experimental composite may be placed in much thicker layers than Z250 and have reduced unbounded cytotoxic monomer. Experimental materials with 10-20wt.% additionally have volumetric expansion to compensate shrinkage, antibacterial and re-mineralizing components and competitive mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aljabo
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - W Xia
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - S Liaqat
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - M A Khan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - J C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - P Ashley
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - A M Young
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
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Scheffel DLS, Soares DG, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA, Pashley D, Hebling J. Transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde on odontoblast-like cells. J Dent 2015; 43:997-1006. [PMID: 25985981 PMCID: PMC4509972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutahaldehyde-containing solutions/materials on odontoblast-like cells. METHODS Dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the pulpal side of the discs and the occlusal surface was treated with the following solutions: water, 2% glutaraldehyde (GA), 5% GA, 10% GA, Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+De) or Gluma Desensitizer (GDe). Cell viability and morphology were assessed by the Alamar Blue assay and SEM. The eluates were collected and applied on cells seeded in 24-well plates. After 7 or 14 days the total protein (TP) production, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and deposition of mineralized nodules (MN) were evaluated. RESULTS Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). GA solutions were not cytotoxic against MDPC-23. GCB+De (85.1%) and GDe (77.2%) reduced cell viability as well as TP production and ALP activity at both periods. After 14 days, GCB+De and GDe groups produced less MN. Affected MDPC-23 presented deformation of the cytoskeleton and reduction of cellular projections. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with 2.5%, 5% and 10% GA was not harmful to odontoblast-like cells. Conversely, when GA was combined with other components like HEMA, the final material became cytotoxic. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glutaraldehyde has been used to decrease dentin hypersensitivity. This substance is also capable of preventing resin-dentin bond degradation by cross-linking collagen and MMPs. This study showed that GA might be safe when applied on acid etched dentin. However, when combined with HEMA the product becomes cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lopes Salles Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CL-2112, Augusta, Georgia 30912-1129, USA
| | - David Pashley
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
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Rothmund L, Shehata M, Van Landuyt KL, Schweikl H, Carell T, Geurtsen W, Hellwig E, Hickel R, Reichl FX, Högg C. Release and protein binding of components from resin based composites in native saliva and other extraction media. Dent Mater 2015; 31:496-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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ARSLAN MALKOÇ M, DEMİR N, ŞENGÜN A, BOZKURT ŞB, HAKKI SS. Cytotoxicity evaluation of luting resin cements on bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs) by real-time cell analysis. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:154-60. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Necla DEMİR
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University
| | - Abdulkadir ŞENGÜN
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University
| | | | - Sema Sezen HAKKI
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University
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Attik GN, Gritsch K, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Confocal time lapse imaging as an efficient method for the cytocompatibility evaluation of dental composites. J Vis Exp 2014:e51949. [PMID: 25406737 PMCID: PMC4353434 DOI: 10.3791/51949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that in vitro cell material interaction is a useful criterion in the evaluation of dental material biocompatibility. The objective of this study was to use 3D CLSM time lapse confocal imaging to assess the in vitro biocompatibility of dental composites. This method provides an accurate and sensitive indication of viable cell rate in contact with dental composite extracts. The ELS extra low shrinkage, a dental composite used for direct restoration, has been taken as example. In vitro assessment was performed on cultured primary human gingival fibroblast cells using Live/Dead staining. Images were obtained with the FV10i confocal biological inverted system and analyzed with the FV10-ASW 3.1 Software. Image analysis showed a very slight cytotoxicity in the presence of the tested composite after 5 hours of time lapse. A slight decrease of cell viability was shown in contact with the tested composite extracts compared to control cells. The findings highlighted the use of 3D CLSM time lapse imaging as a sensitive method to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the biocompatibility behavior of dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1;
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Lyon1; Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Pierre Colon
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Diderot; Service d'Odontologie, APHP, Hôpital Rothschild
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Lyon1; Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon
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Tsitrou E, Kelogrigoris S, Koulaouzidou E, Antoniades-Halvatjoglou M, Koliniotou-Koumpia E, van Noort R. Effect of extraction media and storage time on the elution of monomers from four contemporary resin composite materials. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:89-95. [PMID: 24748741 PMCID: PMC3989922 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.128811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different extraction media, including culture media, as well as storage times on the elution of monomers from modern dental composites. Materials and Methods: Four contemporary composite materials were tested: (a) Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (Kuraray), (b) Esthet X (DENTSPLY), (c) Filtek Silorane (3M ESPE), and (d) Admira (Voco). Forty-eight specimens were made. The specimens were stored in 1 ml of (a) artificial saliva, (b) Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), (c) DMEM plus 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and (d) ethanol 75%. The specimens were analyzed after 24 hours and after 1 week of storage. HPLC Liquid Chromatography was performed to analyze the extracted solutions. The statistical package SPSS 18 was used for the statistical analysis of the results. Results: All the materials tested released monomers that were consistent with the base composition of their resin matrix. Bisphenol-A (BPA) was detected in Clearfil Esthetic and EsthetX when ethanol 75% was used for storage. TEGDMA was released at a faster rate compared to the other monomers with most of the monomer eluted in the first 24 hours. The effect of storage solution and storage time on the elution of the same monomers varied between materials. Conclusions: There was a significant effect of time, storage solution, and material on the elution of the detectable unbound monomers. Unbound monomers were detected in culture media, which may lead to false-negative results in cytotoxicity tests of resin composite materials. BPA was detected in two of the tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Tsitrou
- The Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry is a Department in the Dental School in Sheffield, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stavros Kelogrigoris
- The Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry is a Department in the Dental School in Sheffield, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, Sheffield, UK
| | - Elisabeth Koulaouzidou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Antoniades-Halvatjoglou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eugenia Koliniotou-Koumpia
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Richard van Noort
- The Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry is a Department in the Dental School in Sheffield, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, Sheffield, UK
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Orsini G, Catellani A, Ferretti C, Gesi M, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Putignano A. Cytotoxicity of a silorane-based dental composite on human gingival fibroblasts. World J Stomatol 2013; 2:86-90. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v2.i4.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the direct and indirect biocompatibility of Filtek Silorane on human gingival fibroblastic cells.
METHODS: Sixty-three standardized cylindrical specimens (8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) of restorative material were prepared using a light emitting diode-curing unit. The sample were built up in one increment and divided in 2 groups. In the first group, 21 samples (unpolished samples) were left without a specific polishing procedure; in the second one, 42 samples (polished samples) were polished with 4 different grains of discs. Fibroblast cultures, obtained from gingiva of 2 subjects without systemic and oral disease, were used to assess the direct and indirect biocompatibility. Cells cultured for 48 h in normal culture medium were used as a control.
RESULTS: The scanning electron microscope observations of fibroblasts cultured on the silorane samples, either polished or unpolished, confirmed the good biocompatibility of the material, favouring the cellular spreading. 3-dimethylthiazol-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of gingival fibroblasts viability cultured both in polished samples (90.05% ± 19.00%) and unpolished samples (78.15% ± 11.00%) compared with the control. Cells growth in medium conditioned with the samples for 1 wk showed a significant viability reduction (P < 0.01) compared to the control. A reduction of cell viability was observed even in the groups containing the material for 3 wk (polished: 89.45% ± 10.00%; unpolished: 65.97% ± 10.00%), even if the cytotoxicity was reduced after this long time exposure.
CONCLUSION: Although the poor chromatic availability of this material remains a big limit that restricts its use to posterior sectors, the silorane-based material can be considered an option to perform restorations when aesthetic demands are not the priority, such as the class II restorations
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Effects of antioxidants on DNA-double strand breaks in human gingival fibroblasts exposed to methacrylate based monomers. Dent Mater 2013; 29:991-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shehata M, Durner J, Eldenez A, Van Landuyt K, Styllou P, Rothmund L, Hickel R, Scherthan H, Geurtsen W, Kaina B, Carell T, Reichl FX. Cytotoxicity and induction of DNA double-strand breaks by components leached from dental composites in primary human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2013; 29:971-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Attik GN, Pradelle-Plasse N, Campos D, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Toxicity evaluation of two dental composites: three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy time-lapse imaging of cell behavior. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:596-607. [PMID: 23635466 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of two dental composites (namely A and B) with similar chemical composition used for direct restoration using three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) time-lapse imaging. Time-lapse imaging was performed on cultured human HGF-1 fibroblast-like cells after staining using Live/Dead®. Image analysis showed a higher mortality rate in the presence of composite A than composite B. The viability rate decreased in a time-dependent manner during the 5 h of exposure. Morphological alterations were associated with toxic effects; cells were enlarged and more rounded in the presence of composite A as shown by F-actin and cell nuclei staining. Resazurin assay was used to confirm the active potential of composites in cell metabolism; results showed severe cytotoxic effects in the presence of both no light-curing composites after 24 h of direct contact. However, extracts of polymerized composites induced a moderate decrease in cell metabolism after the same incubation period. Composite B was significantly better tolerated than composite A at all investigated end points and all time points. The finding confirmed that the used CLSM method was sufficiently sensitive to differentiate the biocompatibility behavior of two composites based on similar methacrylate monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.
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Frankenberger R, Garcia-Godoy F, Murray PE, Feilzer AJ, Krämer N. Risk aspects of dental restoratives: From amalgam to tooth-colored materials. World J Stomatol 2013; 2:1-11. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v2.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental materials’ choice of patients has considerably changed. Whereas cast gold and amalgam have been the predominant biomaterials for decades, today tooth-colored materials like resin-based composites and ceramics are more and more successful. However, are we going to replace a good but biologically questionable material (amalgam) with an equal material (resin composite) being more esthetic but also biologically questionable For amalgam, long-term clinical studies reported some significant hints that in single cases amalgam may be a health hazard for patients, finally Norway banned amalgam completely. The main advantage of a resin-based composite over amalgam is its tooth-like appearance and more or less absence of extensive preparation rules. For many years it was believed that resin-based composites may cause pulpal injury. However, pulpal injury associated with the use of resin-based composites is not correlated with their cytotoxic properties. Nevertheless, resin-based composites and other dental materials require rigorous safety evaluation and continuous monitoring to prevent adverse events similar like with amalgam. Because of non-biocompatible pulp responses to resin-based composites and amalgam, they should not be placed in direct contact with the dental pulp. The less dentin remaining in the floor of preparations between resin-based composites or other dental materials is more likely to cause pulpitis. Percentage of patients and dental practitioners who display allergic reactions is between 0.7% and 2%. The release of cytotoxic monomers from resin-based materials is highest after polymerization and much lower after 1 wk. Substances released from resin-based composites have been shown to be toxic in cytotoxicity tests. Nevertheless, in vitro cytotoxicity assays have shown that amalgam has greater toxic effects than resin-based composites, sometime 100-700-fold higher. Altogether, the risk of side-effects is low, but not zero, especially for dental personnel.
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Mallineni SK, Nuvvula S, Matinlinna JP, Yiu CK, King NM. Biocompatibility of various dental materials in contemporary dentistry: a narrative insight. JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2013; 4:9-19. [PMID: 23255468 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2012.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, there has been an increase in demand for safety evaluation and control of dental materials used daily in dentistry; however, this task is difficult and cumbersome. Dental materials that are passive and do not react with the oral environment will be more stable and have superior durability. It is expected that dental materials will be universally accepted and will not cause harm or injury to the surrounding structures in the oral cavity. This is an entirely negative approach to the material tolerance and biocompatibility, and hides the possibility that some positive gains can be achieved. Side-effects of dental materials are believed to be rare, and generally, those that have been reported are mild. There are wide varieties of materials used in dentistry, which include liners, irrigants, intracanal filling materials, intracanal medicaments, prosthetic materials, restorative materials, subgingival implants, and mouth rinses. Therefore, in this study, the biocompatibility of various commonly-used clinical materials used in contemporary dentistry was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth K Mallineni
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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36
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Elution of monomers from three different bonding systems and their antibacterial effect. Odontology 2012; 101:170-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-012-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schulz SD, König A, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Human gingival keratinocyte response to substances eluted from silorane composite material reveal impact on cell behavior reflected by RNA levels and induction of apoptosis. Dent Mater 2012; 28:e135-42. [PMID: 22575741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the characterization of siloran-derived composite eluates in conjunction with their putative impact on human gingival keratinocytes (HGK), i.e. levels of total RNA and induction of apoptosis compared to a methacrylate-based material. METHODS Standardized Filtek™ Silorane specimens (n = 20) were subjected to scanning ion monitoring to detect monomer masses between 100 and 1000, after storage in human saliva, and 75% ethanol for up to 28 days. In order to evaluate the effect on cells, HGK were exposed to eluates from Filtek™ Silorane, Filtek™ Supreme XT and control medium for 1 and 4 days, prior to isolation of total RNA, and Annexin-5 fluorescence labeling indicating induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Irrespective of the mode and storage time, SIM identified discrete peaks, corresponding to masses of "393" and "337". In response to both composite eluates, an effect on HGK was reflected by drastically reduced levels of isolated total RNA at each time period (after 1 day: control: 302 ng/μl; Filtek™ Silorane: 128 ng/μl, Filtek™ Supreme XT: 129 ng/μl and after 4 days: control: 528 ng/μl; Filtek™ Silorane: 162 ng/μl, Filtek™ Supreme XT: 166 ng/μl). Exposure to eluates from both composite materials yielded apoptosis induction in HGK, as demonstrated by a significant increase of cells exhibiting Annnexin-5 fluorescence. SIGNIFICANCE Two distinct peaks were identified, which indicated the presence of corresponding substances. The composite-derived effects on HGK strongly suggest a negative impact on cells, as revealed by a clear reduction of total RNA levels, and significant increase in induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Daniel Schulz
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Dental School and Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.
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38
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Hsu WY, Wang VS, Lai CC, Tsai FJ. Simultaneous determination of components released from dental composite resins in human saliva by liquid chromatography/multiple-stage ion trap mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:719-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tuncer S, Demirci M, Schweikl H, Erguven M, Bilir A, Kara Tuncer A. Inhibition of cell survival, viability and proliferation by dentin adhesives after direct and indirect exposure in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 16:1635-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Polydorou O, Huberty C, Wolkewitz M, Bolek R, Hellwig E, Kümmerer K. The effect of storage medium on the elution of monomers from composite materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 100:68-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mutter J. Is dental amalgam safe for humans? The opinion of the scientific committee of the European Commission. J Occup Med Toxicol 2011; 6:2. [PMID: 21232090 PMCID: PMC3025977 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was claimed by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR)) in a report to the EU-Commission that "....no risks of adverse systemic effects exist and the current use of dental amalgam does not pose a risk of systemic disease..." [1, available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_016.pdf].SCENIHR disregarded the toxicology of mercury and did not include most important scientific studies in their review. But the real scientific data show that:(a) Dental amalgam is by far the main source of human total mercury body burden. This is proven by autopsy studies which found 2-12 times more mercury in body tissues of individuals with dental amalgam. Autopsy studies are the most valuable and most important studies for examining the amalgam-caused mercury body burden.(b) These autopsy studies have shown consistently that many individuals with amalgam have toxic levels of mercury in their brains or kidneys.(c) There is no correlation between mercury levels in blood or urine, and the levels in body tissues or the severity of clinical symptoms. SCENIHR only relied on levels in urine or blood.(d) The half-life of mercury in the brain can last from several years to decades, thus mercury accumulates over time of amalgam exposure in body tissues to toxic levels. However, SCENIHR state that the half-life of mercury in the body is only "20-90 days".(e) Mercury vapor is about ten times more toxic than lead on human neurons and with synergistic toxicity to other metals.(f) Most studies cited by SCENIHR which conclude that amalgam fillings are safe have severe methodical flaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mutter
- Department of Environmental and integrative medicine Lohnerhofstraße 2, 78467 Constance/Germany.
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Chang HH, Chang MC, Lin LD, Lee JJ, Wang TM, Huang CH, Yang TT, Lin HJ, Jeng JH. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of urethane dimethacrylate to Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6917-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Urcan E, Haertel U, Styllou M, Hickel R, Scherthan H, Reichl FX. Real-time xCELLigence impedance analysis of the cytotoxicity of dental composite components on human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2010; 26:51-8. [PMID: 19767088 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aim of this study was by continuous monitoring to assay the proliferative capacity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), to investigate cytotoxicity of the most common monomers/comonomers in dental resin composites: bisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA), hydroxyethylenemethacrylate (HEMA), triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and urethanedimethacrylate (UDMA) in HGFs during 24h exposure using the xCELLigence system. METHODS xCELLigence cell index (CI) impedance measurements were performed according to the instructions of the supplier. HGFs were resuspended in medium and subsequently adjusted to 400,000, 200,000, 100,000, and 50,000 cells/mL. After seeding 100 microL of the cell suspensions into the wells of the E-plate 96, HGFs were monitored every 15 min for a period of up to 18 h by the xCELLigence system. RESULTS Half maximum effect concentrations (EC(50)) were determined based on the dose-response curves derived by xCELLigence measurements. Following real-time analysis, significantly increased EC(50) values of HGFs exposed for 24h to the following substances were obtained: HEMA(a), TEGDMA(b), UDMA(c). The EC(50) values (mean [mmol/L]+/-S.E.M.; n=5) were: HEMA 11.20+/-0.3, TEGDMA(a) 3.61+/-0.2, UDMA(a,b) 0.20+/-0.1, and BisGMA(a,b,c) 0.08+/-0.1. These results are similar to the EC(50) values previously observed with the XTT end-point assay. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggests that the xCELLigence live cell analysis system offers dynamic live cell monitoring and combines high data acquisition rates with ease of handling. Therefore, the xCELLigence system can be used as a rapid monitoring tool for cellular viability and be applied in toxicity testing of xenobiotics using in vitro cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Urcan
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 26, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Comparative study of quercetin and its two glycoside derivatives quercitrin and rutin against methylmercury (MeHg)-induced ROS production in rat brain slices. Arch Toxicol 2009; 84:89-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Polydorou O, König A, Hellwig E, Kümmerer K. Uthethane dimethacrylate: A molecule that may cause confusion in dental research. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91:1-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Release of monomers from different core build-up materials. Dent Mater 2009; 25:1090-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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The toxicokinetics and distribution of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in mice. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2066-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Polydorou O, Beiter J, König A, Hellwig E, Kümmerer K. Effect of bleaching on the elution of monomers from modern dental composite materials. Dent Mater 2009; 25:254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reichl F, Seiss M, Kleinsasser N, Kehe K, Kunzelmann K, Thomas P, Spahl W, Hickel R. Distribution and Excretion of BisGMA in Guinea Pigs. J Dent Res 2008; 87:378-80. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is used in many resin-based dental materials. It was shown in vitro that BisGMA was released into the adjacent biophase from such materials during the first days after placement. In this study, the uptake, distribution, and excretion of [14C]BisGMA applied via gastric and intravenous administration (at dose levels well above those encountered in dental care) were examined in vivo in guinea pigs to test the hypothesis that BisGMA reaches cytotoxic levels in mammalian tissues. [14C]BisGMA was taken up rapidly from the stomach and intestine after gastric administration and was widely distributed in the body following administration by each route. Most [14C] was excreted within one day as 14CO2. The peak equivalent BisGMA levels in guinea pig tissues examined were at least 1000-fold less than known toxic levels. The peak urine level in guinea pigs that received well in excess of the body-weight-adjusted dose expected in humans was also below known toxic levels. The study therefore did not support the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.X. Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
| | - M. Seiss
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
| | - N. Kleinsasser
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
| | - K. Kehe
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
| | - K.H. Kunzelmann
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
| | - P. Thomas
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
| | - W. Spahl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
| | - R. Hickel
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany; and
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Sarafian VS, Uzunova Y, Hayrabedyan S, Ganchevska P, Filipova M, Filipov I, Lukanov L, Vladimirov S. Histo-blood group antigen expression and proliferative activity of fibroblasts treated with dental monomers. Cell Biol Toxicol 2007; 24:27-37. [PMID: 17497083 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-007-9013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present work is focused on examining the effect of the structurally similar dental monomers bis-GA and bis-GMA on the expression of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in comparison with fibroblast vitality and proliferation. The fibroblast cell line McCoy-Plovdiv was cultivated in a serum-free medium and was treated with both monomers. Cell vitality was measured by the crystal violet test. Mitotic index and cell morphology were assessed. An immunocytochemical technique was applied to follow the expression of proliferative antigens PCNA and Ki-67 and of HBGA. The expression level of HBGA was measured by an improved pixel selection algorithm with proprietary software. The lowest concentration of 2.5 micromol/L did not significantly affect morphology, vitality, or proliferation activity. Interestingly, the quantitative analysis revealed augmented expression of HBGA B at 2.5 micromol/L. The higher concentrations of the dental monomers reduced cell vitality and mitotic indices and altered proliferative antigen expression. Bis-GA proved to be more toxic than bis-GMA and caused more prominent alterations including greater enhancement of HBGA B expression. We present novel evidence for altered expression of proliferative antigens and enhanced expression of HBGA B in fibroblasts treated with dental monomers bis-GA and bis-GMA suggesting that these substances affect cell morphology, proliferative activity, and antigenic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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