Nhu QM, Knowles H, Pockros PJ, Frenette CT. Pulmonary complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Respirol 2016; 6(3): 69-75 [PMID: 27904836 DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v6.i3.69]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Catherine T Frenette, MD, Scripps Center for Organ Transplantation, Scripps Clinic - Scripps Green Hospital, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Rd, Suite N200, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States. frenette.catherine@scrippshealth.org
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Respirol. Nov 28, 2016; 6(3): 69-75 Published online Nov 28, 2016. doi: 10.5320/wjr.v6.i3.69
Pulmonary complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Quan M Nhu, Harry Knowles, Paul J Pockros, Catherine T Frenette
Quan M Nhu, Department of Medicine, Scripps Clinic - Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
Quan M Nhu, Paul J Pockros, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
Harry Knowles, Division of Interventional Radiology, Scripps Clinic - Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
Paul J Pockros, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Scripps Clinic - Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
Catherine T Frenette, Scripps Center for Organ Transplantation, Scripps Clinic - Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this paper with the conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis; Nhu QM and Frenette CT wrote the manuscript; Knowles H and Pockros PJ reviewed and edited the manuscript critically; all authors approved the final version.
Supported byNIH 4KL2TR001112 (to Quan M Nhu).
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Catherine T Frenette, MD, Scripps Center for Organ Transplantation, Scripps Clinic - Scripps Green Hospital, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Rd, Suite N200, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States. frenette.catherine@scrippshealth.org
Telephone: +1-858-5544310 Fax: +1-858-5543009
Received: April 26, 2016 Peer-review started: April 27, 2016 First decision: June 17, 2016 Revised: July 27, 2016 Accepted: August 17, 2016 Article in press: August 18, 2015 Published online: November 28, 2016 Processing time: 211 Days and 23.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Pulmonary complications after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are thought to be related to chemical injury caused by the infused ethiodized oil or chemotherapeutic agent, which can migrate to the lung vasculature via arteriovenous (AV) shunts associated with the hyper-vascular HCC. The risk factors associated with post-TACE pulmonary complications include large hyper-vascular HCC, AV shunts, large volume of Lipiodol, and embolization via the right inferior phrenic artery. However, the absence of known risk factors is not a guarantee against serious complications. Careful monitoring of patients perioperatively and an awareness of the potential post-TACE pulmonary complications should expedite early recognition and effective management of these patients.
