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For: Guan Y, Castle PE, Wang S, Li B, Feng C, Ci P, Li X, Gravitt P, Qiao YL. A cross-sectional study on the acceptability of self-collection for HPV testing among women in rural China. Sex Transm Infect 2012;88:490-4. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open

For:	Guan Y, Castle PE, Wang S, Li B, Feng C, Ci P, Li X, Gravitt P, Qiao YL. A cross-sectional study on the acceptability of self-collection for HPV testing among women in rural China. Sex Transm Infect 2012;88:490-4. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Ji X, Hao M, Wang Y, Kong W, Pan Z, Sun Q, Miao J. Human papillomavirus self-sampling in Asia: a systematic review. Front Microbiol 2025;16:1540609. [PMID: 40160269 PMCID: PMC11949917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open

Abstract

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling may be an accurate and effective alternative sampling method to conventional cervical cancer screening methods. This systematic review compares the accuracy and acceptance of self-sampling to clinician sampling for HPV testing in Asia.

Methods

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and Web of Science databases were searched for publications published from the establishment of the database to 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool for studies included in this review. All studies evaluating the accuracy and acceptance of HPV self-sampling, and agreement of self- and clinician-collected samples in Asia were included. The accuracy of each study was demonstrated through the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer, as well as the detection rate of HPV. The agreement between the two sampling methods was assessed based on the detection outcomes of HPV. Acceptance was indicated by women's preferences for HPV self-sampling.

Results

Sixty-seven studies including 117,279 adult, female participants were included in this review. The type of HPV screening, other intervention components, study design, sample size, follow-up period, analysis method, numerical outcomes, results, and limitations were extracted from each study. The sensitivity and specificity of HPV self-sampling in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were higher than 80% and 70%, consistent with the results of HPV clinician sampling. The consistency between self-sampling and clinician-sampling was high in most studies, and the kappa value was more than 0.7. Women had high acceptance of self-sampling but expressed some concerns.

Conclusion

Self-sampling for HPV testing can significantly improve cervical cancer screening coverage, especially in areas with limited medical resources or reluctance to accept physician sampling. In most studies, the accuracy and acceptance of HPV self-sampling was comparable to clinician sampling. However, the diagnostic criteria and HPV detection methods still need to be adjusted due to the low sensitivity of HPV self-sampling in some studies in China and India. Targeted health education should be carried out to improve the acceptance of HPV self-sampling in women.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/?s=INPLASY202520107, INPLASY202520107.

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Otieno JA, Were L, Nyanchoka M, Olwanda E, Mulaku M, Sem X, Kohli M, Markby J, Muriuki A, Ochodo E. Human papillomavirus self-sampling versus provider-sampling in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of accuracy, acceptability, cost, uptake, and equity. Front Public Health 2024;12:1439164. [PMID: 39678248 PMCID: PMC11638174 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1439164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open

Abstract

Introduction

HPV self-sampling is a relatively new, cost-effective and widely accepted method, however, uptake in LMICs remains limited. We aimed to map out the evidence and identify gaps in accuracy, acceptability, cost, equity and uptake of self-sampling vs. provider-sampling in LMICs.

Methods

We searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus, from 1946 to July 2023. Inclusion criteria entailed studies focusing on self-sampling alone or compared to provider-sampling for HPV testing and reporting on at least one outcome of interest (accuracy, acceptability, cost, equity, or uptake). Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, resolving disagreements through discussion. Data was extracted by one reviewer independently, with quality checks by senior authors, and results were synthesised narratively.

Results

Our search yielded 3,739 records, with 124 studies conducted on 164,165 women aged 15-88 years between 2000 and 2023 included. Most studies were from the African region (n = 61, 49.2%). Designs included cross-sectional (n = 90, 81.1%), randomised (n = 5, 4.5%), modelling (n = 4, 3.6%), micro-costing (n = 2, 1.8%), and non-randomised crossover (n = 1, 0.9%) studies. Outcomes included; acceptability (n = 79, 63.7%), accuracy (n = 51, 41.1%), cost (n = 7, 5.6%), and uptake (n = 7, 5.6%). Most studies reported that participants preferred self-sampling, with only a few studies (n = 7, 8.9%) studies favouring provider-sampling. The sensitivity and specificity of self-sampling ranged from 37.5-96.8% and 41.6-100.0%, respectively. One study directly compared the sensitivity and specificity of dry self-collected vs. wet provider-collected sample transportation. Laboratory costs were similar, but overall costs were lower for self-sampling. Uptake was higher for self-sampling in five of the seven studies. Most studies (n = 106) mentioned equity factors like age (n = 69, 65.1%), education (n = 68, 64.2%) and place of residence (n = 59, 55.6%) but no analysis of their impact was provided.

Conclusion

HPV self-sampling is acceptable and cost-effective but, evidence of its accuracy shows varying sensitivity and specificity. Evidence on the accuracy of dry self-collected vs. wet provider-collected sample transportation is limited. Research evaluating HPV self-sampling's accuracy, including comparisons of transportation modes, uptake, the impact of equity factors in LMICs and comparisons with high-income countries is essential to inform cervical cancer screening uptake.

Systematic review registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/34TUY.

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Phoolcharoen N, Areeruk W, Kantathavorn N, Tiyayon J, Chittithaworn S, Wetcho T, Satitniramai S, Khomphaiboonkij U, Pitakkarnkul S, Termrungruanglert W, Srisomboon J, Tangjitgamol S, Research Group TGCS. Self- and physician-collected high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing to detect high-grade cervical lesions among Thai women. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023;33:1354-1358. [PMID: 37612037 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

We compared the performance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) messenger RNA testing of physician- and self-collected specimens for detecting histological grade 2 or higher cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among women who visited a colposcopy clinic in Thailand.

METHODS

From January 2022 to April 2022, 500 women participated in this cross-sectional multicenter study; 494 had complete data and valid specimen results. The participants were women who attended any one of the 10 participating institutes' colposcopy clinics due to abnormal cytology, positive high-risk HPV testing, or for follow-up. Participants used a self-sampling Aptima Multitest Swab specimen collection kit to self-collect vaginal samples before physicians biopsied the cervix during the colposcopic examination. The self- and physician-collected specimens were tested for high-risk HPV messenger RNA using Aptima nucleic acid amplification assays. Cervical tissues were collected during colposcopic-directed biopsy from the most severe lesion or a random biopsy and endocervical curettage specimen if no lesion was detected.

RESULTS

We detected high-risk HPV messenger RNA in 75.4% of self-collected specimens and 70.6% of physician-collected specimens. The prevalence of histological grade 2 or higher CIN from cervical histology was 25.1% (n=124). For self-collected specimens, the sensitivity and specificity of high-risk HPV messenger RNA for grade 2 or higher CIN were 87.0% (95% CI 79.7% to 92.4%; n=108) and 28.5% (95% CI 24.0% to 33.4%). For physician-collected specimens, the sensitivity and specificity of high-risk HPV messenger RNA for grade 2 or higher CIN were 90.2% (95% CI 83.6% to 94.9%; n=112) and 36.1% (95% CI 31.2% to 41.3%).

CONCLUSIONS

Self-collected specimens for high-risk HPV messenger RNA testing demonstrated good sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting grade 2 or higher CIN in Thai women attending the participating institutes' colposcopy clinics. Self-collected samples performed similarly to physician-collected ones.

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Dau H, Vidler M, AboMoslim M, Mutamba B, Nesbitt Z, Deodatha J, Byiringiro SD, Niyotwiringiye C, Mithani N, Nair V, Smith L, Rulisa S, Ogilvie G. The barriers to cervical cancer screening for urban and rural populations in Rwanda. BMC GLOBAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023;1:4. [PMID: 39681867 DOI: 10.1186/s44263-023-00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Rwandan women. There is a limited understanding of the barriers that women face to obtain cervical cancer screening in Rwanda. It is important to understand the barriers in order to implement effective screening programs. The goal of this study is to describe the barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in Rwanda and how they differ among women in rural and urban areas.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study recruited women from June 1 to 9, 2022, at Muhima and Nyamata District Hospitals in Rwanda. Women were eligible for the study if they were ≥ 18 years and spoke Kinyarwanda or English. Women completed a 15-min survey which included questions on the participants' demographics, knowledge of cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening history, and barriers to healthcare. Women were stratified by survey location (urban vs rural). Descriptive statistics were reported.

RESULTS

A total of 374 women completed the survey with 169 participants from Muhima and 205 from Nyamata. Most women were in a relationship and had a primary school or less education. The most common barriers to accessing general healthcare services were long wait times at the facility (Muhima 26%; Nyamata 30%), low quality of care (Muhima 15%; Nyamata 12%), and transportation costs (Muhima 13%; Nyamata 9.3%). However, women from Nyamata were significantly more likely to report distance to the health center as a barrier (p-value < 0.001), and women from Muhima were significantly more likely to report transportation method as a barrier (p-value = 0.004). The primary reason reported for not obtaining cervical cancer screening was that women did not know how or where to get tested (Muhima 57%; Nyamata 51%).

CONCLUSIONS

The most common barriers to cervical cancer screening in Rwanda were the quality of clinical care and issues with traveling to the clinic. Implementing a cervical cancer self-collection program could help eliminate many barriers that women face to obtain health services in Rwanda. More research is needed to better understand the acceptability of cervical cancer screening in Rwanda and how it could be integrated into the healthcare system.

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Creagh NS, Boyd LAP, Bavor C, Zammit C, Saunders T, Oommen AM, Rankin NM, Brotherton JML, Nightingale CE. Self-Collection Cervical Screening in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Scoping Review of Implementation Evidence. JCO Glob Oncol 2023;9:e2200297. [PMID: 36724416 PMCID: PMC10166429 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open

Abstract

PURPOSE

Although cervical cancer is a disease of inequity, it can be eliminated as a public health problem through vaccination, screening, and treatment. Human papillomavirus vaginal self-collection cervical screening is a high-performance test that can increase reach of screening. This review describes the different contexts and models of care used to pilot or implement self-collection within the Asia-Pacific, measures the extent that implementation outcome measures are reported and, where available, summarizes key implementation findings.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted by searching five databases of the peer-reviewed literature on June 20, 2022. Two researchers assessed eligibility and extracted data independently to the model of care used and the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Outcomes. A mixed-method consolidation of findings (quantitative: count and frequencies; qualitative: content analysis) was undertaken to narratively report findings.

RESULTS

Fifty-seven articles, comprising 50 unique studies from 11 countries and two special autonomous regions, were included; 82% were conducted in trials. The implementation of self-collection was conducted in low- (2%), lower-middle- (32%), upper-middle- (32%), and high-income (35%) settings, with 10 different delivery models used; 80% delivered through practitioner-supported models with diversity in how samples were processed, and treatment was offered. Acceptability (73%) and appropriateness (64%) measures were most reported, followed by adoption (57%), feasibility (48%), and fidelity (38%). Only 7% of articles reported implementation cost or penetration measures. No articles reported sustainability measures.

CONCLUSION

The literature confirms that self-collection cervical screening has been implemented within the Asia-Pacific region, with evidence demonstrating that it is acceptable and appropriate from the user's perspective. Well-designed, high-quality implementation trials and real-world evaluations of self-collection that report the breadth of implementation outcomes can support the progression toward the elimination of cervical cancer.

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Di Gennaro G, Licata F, Trovato A, Bianco A. Does self-sampling for human papilloma virus testing have the potential to increase cervical cancer screening? An updated meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials. Front Public Health 2022;10:1003461. [PMID: 36568753 PMCID: PMC9773849 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1003461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open

Abstract

Objectives

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of HPV self-sampling proposal on cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake when compared with an invitation to have a clinician to collect the sample. Secondary outcomes were acceptability and preference of self-sampling compared to clinician-collected samples.

Methods

The present systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies examining the CCS uptake comparing self-sampling over invitation to be sampled by an healthcare professional and examining the proportion of women accepting or preferring self-sampling vs. clinician-collected sampling were included. The CCS uptake was also explored according to strategy of self-samplers' distribution, collection device type and screening status. Peters' test and Funnel Plot inspection were used to assess the publication bias. Quality of the studies was assessed through Cochrane Risk of Bias and NIH Quality Assessment tools.

Results

One hundred fifty-four studies were globally identified, and 482,271 women were involved. Self-sampling procedures nearly doubled the probability (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.7-2.0) of CCS uptake when compared with clinician-collected samples. The opt-out (RR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.9-2.4) and the door-to-door (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.6-2.0) did not statistically significant differ (p = 1.177) in improving the CCS uptake. A higher relative uptake was shown for brushes (RR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.5-1.7) and swabs (RR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.9-3.1) over clinician-collected samples. A high between-studies variability in characteristics of sampled women was shown. In all meta-analyses the level of heterogeneity was consistently high (I 2 > 95%). Publication bias was unlikely.

Conclusions

Self-sampling has the potential to increase participation of under-screened women in the CCS, in addition to the standard invitation to have a clinician to collect the sample. For small communities door-to-door distribution could be preferred to distribute the self-sampler while; for large communities opt-out strategies should be preferred over opt-in. Since no significant difference in acceptability and preference of device type was demonstrated among women, and swabs and brushes exhibited a potential stronger effect in improving CCS, these devices could be adopted.

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Bohn JA, Fitch KC, Currier JJ, Bruegl A. HPV self-collection: what are we waiting for? Exploration of attitudes from frontline healthcare providers. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022;32:1519-1523. [PMID: 36351745 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Polymerase chain reaction based human papilloma virus (HPV) self-collection for cervical cancer screening is well established. It is utilized worldwide, accepted by patients, is cost-effective, has comparable sensitivity to provider-collected samples, and increases screening rates, however clinical practice in the United States has not shifted to include HPV self-collection. This study sought to examine provider knowledge and attitudes to better understand why HPV self-collection is not being utilized.

METHODS

An observational, qualitative study was conducted. Data were collected with semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews with Oregon healthcare providers. Focus groups and interviews were continued until data saturation was achieved. A grounded theory method was used for analysis, a cyclical process of coding data, memo-writing, and theoretical sampling to the point of saturation.

RESULTS

Eighteen healthcare providers participated in the focus group and interviews. They represented 14 of 36 counties across Oregon and 50% were physicians, 33% were nurse practitioners, and 94% worked within family medicine. All providers performed cervical cancer screening according to current American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines. Five overarching themes emerged: provider concerns, clinical and provider barriers, patient perspective and barriers, process-based themes, and barriers to cervical cancer screening. Nearly all providers stated they will offer HPV self-collection to most of their patients once available.

CONCLUSION

While providers identified concerns and barriers for initiating HPV self-collection, there was a strong desire to implement HPV self-collection and acceptance within patient populations was assumed. Providers indicated the need for HPV self-collection to be incorporated into national screening guidelines along with best practices on how to successfully implement this modality to further increase cervical cancer screening rates.

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Adewumi K, Nishimura H, Oketch SY, Adsul P, Huchko M. Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya: a Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022;37:1122-1128. [PMID: 33411253 PMCID: PMC9257902 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]

Abstract

About nine out of 10 cervical cancer deaths occur in low-resource countries, with a particularly high burden in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to assess barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening in western Kenya from the perspectives of community members and healthcare providers. We conducted two focus groups with female community members (n = 24) and one with providers (n = 12) in Migori County, Kenya. Discussion guides queried about knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer prevention; structural, social, and personal barriers; and facilitators towards cervical cancer screening uptake. Group discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for emerging themes. Participants in both groups reported low awareness of HPV and cervical cancer screening in the community, and identified that as a main barrier to screening. Community members reported fear of pain and embarrassment as significant barriers to a screening pelvic exam. They also reported that providers' lack of knowledge and discomfort with a sensitive subject were significant barriers. A personal connection to cervical cancer and/or screening was associated with willingness to screen and awareness. Providers reported workload and lack of supplies and trained staff as significant barriers to offering services. Based on these findings, we identified three intervention components to address these facilitators and barriers to screening. They include utilizing existing social networks to expand awareness of cervical cancer risk and screening, training non-physician health workers to meet the demand for screening, and employing female-driven screening techniques such as self-collection of specimens for HPV testing. Cervical cancer prevention programs must take into account the local realities in which they occur. In low-resource areas in particular, identifying low-cost, effective, and culturally appropriate strategies for addressing poor screening uptake is important given limited funding. This study took a formative approach to identify facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening based on focus groups and interviews with community members and healthcare providers.

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Effects of Menstrual Cycle on the Accumulation of Human Papillomavirus-Infected Cells Exfoliated from the Cervix That Drift into the Vagina. Microorganisms 2022;10:microorganisms10040693. [PMID: 35456745 PMCID: PMC9029653 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open

Sormani J, Kenfack B, Wisniak A, Moukam Datchoua A, Lemoupa Makajio S, Schmidt NC, Vassilakos P, Petignat P. Exploring Factors Associated with Patients Who Prefer Clinician-Sampling to HPV Self-Sampling: A Study Conducted in a Low-Resource Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021;19:54. [PMID: 35010314 PMCID: PMC8744711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]

Affiliation(s)

Jessica Sormani Gynaecology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.W.); (S.L.M.); (N.C.S.); (P.V.); (P.P.) School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland
Bruno Kenfack Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, District Hospital of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon;
Ania Wisniak Gynaecology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.W.); (S.L.M.); (N.C.S.); (P.V.); (P.P.)
Alida Moukam Datchoua Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, District Hospital of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon;
Sophie Lemoupa Makajio Gynaecology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.W.); (S.L.M.); (N.C.S.); (P.V.); (P.P.) Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Nicole C. Schmidt Gynaecology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.W.); (S.L.M.); (N.C.S.); (P.V.); (P.P.) Faculty of Social Science, Catholic University of Applied Science, 55122 Mainz, Germany
Pierre Vassilakos Gynaecology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.W.); (S.L.M.); (N.C.S.); (P.V.); (P.P.) Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
Patrick Petignat Gynaecology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.W.); (S.L.M.); (N.C.S.); (P.V.); (P.P.)

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Patient Satisfaction With Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling in a Cohort of Ethnically Diverse and Rural Women in Yunnan Province, China. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2021;24:349-352. [PMID: 32796262 PMCID: PMC7515469 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Nishimura H, Yeh PT, Oguntade H, Kennedy CE, Narasimhan M. HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: a systematic review of values and preferences. BMJ Glob Health 2021;6:e003743. [PMID: 34011537 PMCID: PMC8137189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open

Kamath Mulki A, Withers M. Human Papilloma Virus self-sampling performance in low- and middle-income countries. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021;21:12. [PMID: 33407355 PMCID: PMC7789658 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]

Abstract

Background

Screening for HPV has led to significant reductions in cervical cancer deaths in high-income countries. However, the same results have not been achieved in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). HPV self-sampling is a novel approach that could improve screening rates.

Methods

This study’s objective is to summarize the recent literature on HPV self-sampling in LMICs, focusing on sensitivity/specificity, and feasibility/acceptability of self-sampling compared to traditional screening methods. We conducted a PubMed search for articles published in English within the last 10 years on self-sampling in LMICs.

Results

Fifty eligible articles from 26 countries were included, 19 of which came from sub-Saharan Africa and 18 from Latin America/Caribbean. Seven studies examined sensitivity, with five reporting rates higher than 91%. Six reported on specificity, which was also very high at 86–97.8%. Six studies examined self-sampling concordance with provider-collected sampling, with concordance rates ranging from 87 to 97.5%. A total of 38 studies examined the feasibility/acceptability of HPV self-sampling. Participation rates were very high in all studies, even when self-sampling was done at participants’ homes (over 89% participation). Overall, participants reported that HPV self-sampling was easy to perform (75–97%, 18 studies), painless (60–90%, nine studies), and preferred over provider-collected sampling (57–100%, 14 studies). Eight studies reported follow-up rates for participants who completed self-sampling; however, these rates varied widely-from 13.7 to 90%. The major benefits of self-sampling include convenience of screening from home, less embarrassment, and less travel. Improved education and awareness of self-sampling, combined with support from community health workers, could reduce perceptions of self-sampling being inferior to provider-collected sampling. Improving follow-up of abnormal results and improving linkages to treatment are also essential.

Conclusion

Our literature review highlights HPV self-sampling is a well-performing test that shows promise in terms of expanding screening efforts for the prevention of cervical cancer-related deaths in LMICs.

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Letter to the Editor. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2020;24:423. [PMID: 32986388 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

For Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling, Stated Willingness Does Not Correspond With Subsequent Uptake by Rural Malawian Women. Sex Transm Dis 2020;47:275-279. [PMID: 32168286 PMCID: PMC9808893 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]

Chai Z, Yang Y, Gu Z, Cai X, Ye W, Kong L, Qiu X, Ying L, Wang Z, Wang L. Recombinant Viral Capsid Protein L2 (rVL2) of HPV 16 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Glucose Metabolism via ITGB7/C/EBPβ Signaling Pathway in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Onco Targets Ther 2019;12:10415-10425. [PMID: 31819523 PMCID: PMC6890187 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s228631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Zhihong Chai Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
Yufei Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xihua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
ZhongYi Gu Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, People's Republic of China
Xianli Cai Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
Wenwei Ye Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
Lin Kong Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
Xiaoxiao Qiu Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
Lingxiao Ying Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
Ziliang Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xihua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
Linyou Wang Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China

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Acceptability of Women Self-Sampling versus Clinician-Collected Samples for HPV DNA Testing: A Systematic Review. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2019;23:193-199. [PMID: 30933030 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Female self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is an alternative screening method that can potentially increase cervical cancer screening coverage. This review addresses the acceptability of HPV DNA testing using self-sampling compared with conventional clinician-collected sampling. Barriers to and others factors associated with acceptability of either method were also examined.

METHODS

The following electronic resources were searched: Medline @EBSCOHOST(Medline), Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL databases. Manual searches were also conducted. The main outcome of interest was the acceptability of HPV DNA testing by self-sampling in comparison with clinician-collected sampling.

RESULTS

In total, 23 articles were included in this systematic review. The majority (19 studies) were quantitative intervention studies and 4 studies were qualitative observational studies. Eleven studies reported a preference for self-sampling by women compared with clinician-collected sampling (64.7%-93%). The remaining studies found that women preferred clinician-collected sampling because mainly of respondents' lack of confidence in their ability to complete self-sampling correctly. In most articles reviewed, the studied associated factors, such as demographic factors (age, marital status, and ethnicity), socioeconomic factors (income, education level), reproductive factors (condom use, number of children, current use of contraception, and number of partners), and habits (smoking status) were not found to be significantly associated with preference.

CONCLUSIONS

Both methods of sampling were found to be acceptable to women. Self-sampling is cost-effective and could increase the screening coverage among underscreened populations. However, more information about the quality, reliability, and accuracy of self-sampling is needed to increase women's confidence about using to this method.

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Phoolcharoen N, Kantathavorn N, Krisorakun W, Taepisitpong C, Krongthong W, Saeloo S. Acceptability of Self-Sample Human Papillomavirus Testing Among Thai Women Visiting a Colposcopy Clinic. J Community Health 2019;43:611-615. [PMID: 29302852 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]

Breiner B, Preuss L, Roos N, Conrady M, Lilie H, Iftner T, Simon C. Refolding and in vitro characterization of human papillomavirus 16 minor capsid protein L2. Biol Chem 2019;400:513-522. [PMID: 30375341 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]

Randomised study shows that repeated self-sampling and HPV test has more than two-fold higher detection rate of women with CIN2+ histology than Pap smear cytology. Br J Cancer 2018;118:896-904. [PMID: 29438367 PMCID: PMC5886121 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open

Assessing Acceptability of Self-Sampling Kits, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection in American Indian Women. J Community Health 2018;41:1049-61. [PMID: 27048284 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]

Van Ostade X, Dom M, Tjalma W, Van Raemdonck G. Candidate biomarkers in the cervical vaginal fluid for the (self-)diagnosis of cervical precancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017;297:295-311. [PMID: 29143101 PMCID: PMC5778162 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]

Dong L, Lin C, Li L, Wang M, Cui J, Feng R, Liu B, Wu Z, Lian J, Liao G, Chen W, Qiao Y. An evaluation of clinical performance of FTA cards for HPV 16/18 detection using cobas 4800 HPV Test compared to dry swab and liquid medium. J Clin Virol 2017;94:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]

Senkomago V, Saraiya M. Examining Acceptability of Self-Collection for Human Papillomavirus Testing Among Women and Healthcare Providers with a Broader Lens. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017;26:597-599. [PMID: 28414574 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open

Mao C, Kulasingam SL, Whitham HK, Hawes SE, Lin J, Kiviat NB. Clinician and Patient Acceptability of Self-Collected Human Papillomavirus Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017;26:609-615. [PMID: 28332888 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open

Ma'som M, Bhoo-Pathy N, Nasir NH, Bellinson J, Subramaniam S, Ma Y, Yap SH, Goh PP, Gravitt P, Woo YL. Attitudes and factors affecting acceptability of self-administered cervicovaginal sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping as an alternative to Pap testing among multiethnic Malaysian women. BMJ Open 2016;6:e011022. [PMID: 27491667 PMCID: PMC4985871 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-011022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and acceptability of self-administered cervicovaginal sampling compared with conventional physician-acquired Papanicolaou (Pap) smear among multiethnic Malaysian women.

METHOD

A cross-sectional study was carried out via interviewer-administered surveys from August 2013 through August 2015 at five government-run, urban health clinics in the state of Selangor. Subjects were participants from an ongoing community-based human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence study who answered a standard questionnaire before and after self-sampling. The cervicovaginal self-sampling for HPV genotyping was performed using a simple brush ('Just for Me'; Preventive Oncology International, Hong Kong). Detailed data on sociodemographics, previous Pap smear experience, and attitudes towards self-administered cervicovaginal sampling were collected and analysed. Acceptability was inferred using a five-item Likert scale that included six different subjective descriptives: experience, difficulty, convenience, embarrassment, discomfort or pain, and confidence in collecting one's own sample.

RESULTS

Of the 839 participants, 47.9% were Malays, followed by 30.8% Indians, 18.8% Chinese and 2.5% from other ethnicities. The median age of the participants was 38 years (IQR 30-48). Some 68.2% of participants indicated a preference for self-sampling over the Pap test, with 95% indicating willingness to follow-up a positive result at the hospital. Age, ethnicity and previous Pap test experience were significant independent factors associated with preference for self-sampling. The older the individual, the less likely they were to prefer self-sampling (adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98). The Chinese were less likely to prefer self-sampling (72.6%) than the Malays (85.1%) (adjusted OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.98, p=0.004). Participants who had never undergone a Pap smear were also more likely to prefer self-sampling (88.5%) than women who had undergone a previous Pap (80.9%) (adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.87).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, urban Malaysian women from multiethnic backgrounds found self-sampling to be an acceptable alternative to Pap smear.

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Women's Attitudes Toward Cervicovaginal Self-Sampling for High-Risk HPV Infection on the US-Mexico Border. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2016;19:323-8. [PMID: 26360234 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]

Esber A, McRee AL, Norris Turner A, Phuka J, Norris A. Factors influencing Malawian women's willingness to self-collect samples for human papillomavirus testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016;43:135-141. [PMID: 26944955 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]

Wang SM, Hu SY, Chen W, Chen F, Zhao FH, He W, Ma XM, Zhang YQ, Wang J, Sivasubramaniam P, Qiao YL. Feasibility and accuracy evaluation of three human papillomavirus assays for FTA card-based sampling: a pilot study in cervical cancer screening. BMC Cancer 2015;15:848. [PMID: 26537356 PMCID: PMC4634578 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Shao-Ming Wang Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Shang-Ying Hu Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Wen Chen Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Feng Chen Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Fang-Hui Zhao Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Wei He Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Xin-Ming Ma Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Yu-Qing Zhang Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
Jian Wang Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing, 100021, China.
Priya Sivasubramaniam Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
You-Lin Qiao Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, P.O. Box 2258, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.

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Racey CS, Gesink DC. Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Rural Ontario, Canada: The Role of Self-Collected HPV Testing. J Rural Health 2015;32:136-45. [PMID: 26265118 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]

Othman NH, Mohamad Zaki FH. Self-collection tools for routine cervical cancer screening: a review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015;15:8563-9. [PMID: 25374168 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open

Wang SM, Hu SY, Chen F, Chen W, Zhao FH, Zhang YQ, Ma XM, Qiao YL. Clinical Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Detection by careHPVTMTest on Physician-Samples and Self-Samples using The Indicating FTA Elute® Card. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;15:7085-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open

Quincy BL. Acceptability of self-collected human papillomavirus specimens in cervical cancer screening: A review. World J Obstet Gynecol 2014;3:90-97. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v3.i3.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open

CareHPV cervical cancer screening demonstration in a rural population of north India. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;176:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]

Uijterwaal MH, Verhoef VMJ, Snijders PJF, Meijer CJLM. Arguments in favor of HPV testing for cervical screening and post-treatment CIN2+ monitoring. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014;14:245-8. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.893829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]

Bosgraaf RP, Siebers AG, De Hullu JA, Massuger LFAG, Bulten J, Bekkers RLM, Melchers WJG. The current position and the future perspectives of cervical cancer screening. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013;14:75-92. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.856273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]

Miles A, Rodrigues V, Sevdalis N. The effect of information about false negative and false positive rates on people's attitudes towards colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood testing (FOBt). PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2013;93:342-349. [PMID: 23850021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]

Vanderpool RC, Jones MG, Stradtman LR, Smith JS, Crosby RA. Self-collecting a cervico-vaginal specimen for cervical cancer screening: an exploratory study of acceptability among medically underserved women in rural Appalachia. Gynecol Oncol 2013;132 Suppl 1:S21-5. [PMID: 24125753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]

Guan Y, Gravitt PE, Howard R, Eby YJ, Wang S, Li B, Feng C, Qiao YL, Castle PE. Agreement for HPV genotyping detection between self-collected specimens on a FTA cartridge and clinician-collected specimens. J Virol Methods 2013;189:167-71. [PMID: 23370404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]