Peer-review started: September 29, 2014
First decision: October 21, 2014
Revised: December 9, 2014
Accepted: December 18, 2014
Article in press: December 19, 2014
Published online: March 28, 2015
Processing time: 236 Days and 17.2 Hours
Core tip: Over the last several years numerous remyelination pathways important to multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified, including those of LINGO-1, hyaluronan, Notch-1, retinoid X receptor receptor, and wnt/ß-catenin. Newer discoveries include the pathways involving Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand 12/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and G protein-coupled receptor 17, and the involvement of Endothelin-1 in the Notch pathway. High-throughput screens have identified multiple antimuscarinic drugs with good remyelination. Also identified by screens, clemastine, with similar antimuscarinic but also antihistamine effects, may be useful in remyelination in MS. Drug repurposing, through screens or more serendipitously, has found that many drugs could enhance remyelination, including benztropine, clemastine, quetiapine, fasudil, olesoxime, and ibudilast, among others.