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Marsella R. Skin Barrier in Normal and Allergic Horses: What Do We Know? Vet Sci 2025; 12:91. [PMID: 40005851 PMCID: PMC11861044 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Information on skin barrier in horses is limited. A study on the epidermal ultrastructure of normal and allergic horses documented disorganized amorphous intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum of allergic samples. These findings are similar to atopic canine and human skin. Currently, there is no published study comparing skin barrier function parameters between normal and allergic horses; thus, the functional implications of the ultrastructural changes are unknown. In normal horses, body location, gender, breed, and ambient conditions affect skin barrier parameters, such as Transepidermal Water Loss. Skin microbiome studies on normal horses have highlighted the importance of season and environmental conditions, since horses housed together share similar microbiomes. Skin dysbiosis and predominance of staphylococcus have been described in horses with pastern dermatitis. Transcriptomic studies of the epidermis of normal and allergic horses have found that lesional allergic skin has substantial transcriptomic differences when compared with healthy skin, namely downregulation of genes of tight junctions, keratins, and upregulation of serine proteases and IL-13. Keratinocytes harvested from horses with insect bite hypersensitivity show upregulation of IL-31 gene expression under stimulation. While more research is clearly needed, preliminary results seem to support skin barrier differences between normal and allergic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Ardicli S, Ardicli O, Yazici D, Pat Y, Babayev H, Xiong P, Zeyneloglu C, Garcia-Sanchez A, Shi LL, Viscardi OG, Skolnick S, Ogulur I, Dhir R, Jutel M, Agache I, Janda J, Pali-Schöll I, Nadeau KC, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier dysfunction and associated diseases in companion animals: Differences and similarities between humans and animals and research needs. Allergy 2024; 79:3238-3268. [PMID: 39417247 DOI: 10.1111/all.16343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, more than 350,000 new chemicals have been introduced into the lives of humans and domestic animals. Many of them have become part of modern life and some are affecting nature as pollutants. Yet, our comprehension of their potential health risks for both humans and animals remains partial. The "epithelial barrier theory" suggests that genetic predisposition and exposure to diverse factors damaging the epithelial barriers contribute to the emergence of allergic and autoimmune conditions. Impaired epithelial barriers, microbial dysbiosis, and tissue inflammation have been observed in a high number of mucosal inflammatory, autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases, many of which showed increased prevalence in the last decades. Pets, especially cats and dogs, share living spaces with humans and are exposed to household cleaners, personal care products, air pollutants, and microplastics. The utilisation of cosmetic products and food additives for pets is on the rise, unfortunately, accompanied by less rigorous safety regulations than those governing human products. In this review, we explore the implications of disruptions in epithelial barriers on the well-being of companion animals, drawing comparisons with humans, and endeavour to elucidate the spectrum of diseases that afflict them. In addition, future research areas with the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental well-being are highlighted in line with the "One Health" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Division of Food Processing, Milk and Dairy Products Technology Program, Karacabey Vocational School, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Huseyn Babayev
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Peng Xiong
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Can Zeyneloglu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Asuncion Garcia-Sanchez
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Li-Li Shi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | | | - Stephen Skolnick
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- SEED Inc. Co., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Raja Dhir
- SEED Inc. Co., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Jozef Janda
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Marsella R. Investigation into the Effects of Allergen Exposure and Topical Vinegar and Water Spray on Skin Barrier Parameters in Atopic Dogs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:459. [PMID: 39453051 PMCID: PMC11512369 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased skin pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are documented in atopic people and dogs but no study has investigated how these parameters change during an allergy flare. Our primary aim was to challenge atopic beagles to dust mites and measure pH and TEWL during a flare of atopic dermatitis and correlate these parameters to clinical signs. A secondary aim was to evaluate in a randomized placebo-controlled study whether the daily application of 50/50 vinegar spray improves clinical signs and affects skin parameters despite the allergen challenge. Fifteen atopic dogs were challenged epicutaneously twice weekly for 2 weeks with allergen application on the inguinal and medial thigh areas. The severity of dermatitis was scored daily (CADESI-03). TEWL and pH were measured daily on the inguinal and medial thigh areas. A repeated measures ANOVA showed the significant effect of time, with increased pH (p < 0.0001), TEWL (p < 0.0001), and CADESI (p < 0.0001) during allergen challenge. Significant positive correlations were found between CADESI and pH (r = 0.3556; p < 0.0001), CADESI and TEWL (r = 0.36; p < 0.0001), and pH and TEWL (r = 0.45; p < 0.0001). Daily application of 50/50 vinegar did not improve dermatitis, pH, and TEWL compared to the control treatment. It can be concluded that both pH and TEWL are markers of disease severity in canine atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Discepolo DR, Gaare E, Handlos G, Perry EB. Fluctuations in equine cutaneous pH and transepidermal water loss with time of day and ambient conditions. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 140:105140. [PMID: 38950715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are commonly utilized measures in dermatological research as they provide information concerning barrier function. The importance of dermal health has become more evident in recent years. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to identify natural fluctuations in the biophysical parameters of healthy equine skin. Cutaneous pH and TEWL was collected on nine mares at 6:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 6:00 PM daily for five days on the nose, withers, girth area, mid-back, and base of tail. Ambient temperature and humidity were measured at each collection. Statistical analysis was completed using SAS On Demand. Tests included repeated measures, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Mean cutaneous pH significantly differed by day (P = 0.0052) and time (P = 0.0073) but was unaffected by anatomical location (P = 0.2841). Interestingly, cutaneous pH had a significant interaction of day and location (P = 0.0004). Mean TEWL measures significantly differed by day (P < 0.0001), time (P < 0.0001), and anatomical location (P = 0.0231). Interaction of day and time had a significant effect on TEWL (P < 0.0001) and also resulted in a three-way interaction of day, time, and location (P = 0.0167). There were no significant associations of pH with temperature and humidity. All measures of TEWL across all locations were significantly correlated with temperature and humidity (P < 0.0001). Cutaneous pH and TEWL measures are affected by environmental conditions which should be considered in future models and work using dermal characteristics of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Discepolo
- Department of Animals Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale IL, 62901.
| | - E Gaare
- Department of Animals Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale IL, 62901
| | - G Handlos
- Department of Animals Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale IL, 62901
| | - E B Perry
- Department of Animals Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale IL, 62901
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Marsella R, Ahrens K, Wilkes R, Munguia N. Trichohyalin gene expression is negatively correlated with the severity of dermatitis in a canine atopic dermatitis model. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1396557. [PMID: 39234173 PMCID: PMC11371671 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1396557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) closely mimics human AD and is recognized as a beneficial animal model. House dust mites (HDM) are a common allergen for both species. The effects of chronic exposure to HDM on the skin have not been studied in this animal model, and it is not known how changes in gene expression correlate to the severity of dermatitis. Methods We used an established canine model of AD and took biopsies before HDM exposure (D0) and five times during repeated allergen challenges (on Days 1, 2, 8, 15, and 29, hereafter referred to as D1, D2, D8, D15, and D29). The severity of dermatitis was scored on the same days. Results Trichohyalin (TCHH) gene expression decreased the most (15-fold decrease on D29 vs. D0) and negatively correlated with the severity of dermatitis. Gap-junction protein gene expression increased over 3-fold on D1, D8, and D29 and positively correlated with the severity of dermatitis. Compared to D0, IL-31 gene expression significantly increased on D8 (p = 0.0098), D15 (p = 0.0068), and D29 (p = 0.0187), but the correlation with the severity of dermatitis did not reach significance. Discussion This is the first report on trichohyalin, a protein belonging to the S100 family, and gap-junction protein gene expression in the context of the clinical severity of AD. We propose that these proteins should be further investigated to better understand their role in this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kim Ahrens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rachel Wilkes
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nathalie Munguia
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Santoro D, Saridomichelakis M, Eisenschenk M, Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Hensel P, Pucheu-Haston C. Update on the skin barrier, cutaneous microbiome and host defence peptides in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:5-14. [PMID: 37990608 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous microbiome, immunological and skin barrier alterations. This review summarises the current evidence on skin barrier defects and on cutaneous microbiome dysfunction in canine AD. OBJECTIVE To this aim, online citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on skin barrier and cutaneous microbiome published between 2015 and 2023 were reviewed. RESULTS Since the last update on the pathogenesis of canine AD, published by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015, 49 articles have been published on skin barrier function, cutaneous/aural innate immunity and the cutaneous/aural microbiome in atopic dogs. Skin barrier dysfunction and cutaneous microbial dysbiosis are essential players in the pathogenesis of canine AD. It is still unclear if such alterations are primary or secondary to cutaneous inflammation, although some evidence supports their primary involvement in the pathogenesis of canine AD. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although many studies have been published since 2015, the understanding of the cutaneous host-microbe interaction is still unclear, as is the role that cutaneous dysbiosis plays in the development and/or worsening of canine AD. More studies are needed aiming to design new therapeutic approaches to restore the skin barrier, to increase and optimise the cutaneous natural defences, and to rebalance the cutaneous microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Cherie Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Kok JML, Dowd GC, Cabral JD, Wise LM. Macrocystis pyrifera Lipids Reduce Cytokine-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Signalling and Barrier Dysfunction in Human Keratinocyte Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16383. [PMID: 38003573 PMCID: PMC10671590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition where epidermal barrier dysfunction and cytokine production by infiltrating immune cells exacerbate skin inflammation and damage. A total lipid extract from Macrocystis pyrifera, a brown seaweed, was previously reported to suppress inflammatory responses in monocytes. Here, treatment of human HaCaT keratinocytes with M. pyrifera lipids inhibited tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 protein production. HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 showed loss of claudin-1 tight junctions, but little improvement was observed following lipid pre-treatment. Three-dimensional cultures of HaCaT cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface showed increased MCP-1 production, loss of claudin-1 tight junctions, and trans-epidermal leakage with TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13 stimulation, with all parameters reduced by lipid pre-treatment. These findings suggest that M. pyrifera lipids have anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective effects on keratinocytes, which may be beneficial for the treatment of atopic dermatitis or other skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. L. Kok
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Georgina C. Dowd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson 7043, New Zealand;
| | - Jaydee D. Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Lyn M. Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
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Fernandes B, Alves S, Schmidt V, Bizarro AF, Pinto M, Pereira H, Marto J, Lourenço AM. Primary Prevention of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Breaking the Cycle-A Narrative Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:659. [PMID: 37999481 PMCID: PMC10674681 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common and distressing skin condition in dogs, affecting up to 30% of the canine population. It not only impacts their quality of life but also that of their owners. Like human atopic dermatitis (hAD), cAD has a complex pathogenesis, including genetic and environmental factors. Current treatments focus on managing clinical signs, but they can be costly and have limitations. This article emphasizes the importance of preventing cAD from developing in the first place. Understanding the role of the skin's protective barrier is crucial, as its dysfunction plays a vital role in both hAD and cAD. hAD prevention studies have shown promising results in enhancing the skin barrier, but more research is needed to support more robust conclusions. While hAD primary prevention is currently a focal point of intensive investigation in human medicine, research on cAD primary prevention remains under-researched and almost non-existent. Pioneering effective prevention strategies for cAD holds immense potential to enhance the quality of life for both dogs and their owners. Additionally, it bears the promise of a translational impact on human research. Hence, further exploration of this crucial topic is not only relevant but also timely and imperative, warranting support and encouragement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernandes
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Alves
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK
| | - Ana Filipa Bizarro
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pinto
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Lourenço
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Bradley CW, Mauldin EA, Morris DO. A review of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in dogs: A diagnostician's guide to allergy. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:783-795. [PMID: 37515434 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231189298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Allergic dermatoses are common in people and domestic animals. Resultant lesions are routinely biopsied and submitted for histological examination to confirm a diagnosis or rule out diseases with overlapping or atypical clinical features. Diagnostic pathologists and clinicians are often faced with the difficult task of determining whether an allergic reaction pattern is present on both the microscopic and macroscopic levels and correlating histopathologic findings with clinical and historical data to achieve a precise clinical diagnosis. The bulk of the current veterinary literature on allergic dermatoses focuses on atopic dermatitis in dogs, distantly followed by cats, horses, and other animals. The objectives of this review are to demonstrate the key histopathologic and clinical diagnostic features of the various allergy-mediated reaction patterns, and to provide diagnosticians with a practical guide for clinicopathological correlations. Current concepts in the pathophysiology of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, with a focus on atopic dermatitis, are discussed. Points of potential histopathologic overlap between the "classic" allergic reaction pattern and less common inflammatory, predominately eosinophilic, conditions that may mimic this pattern will be discussed with the goal of highlighting the critical need for collaboration between pathologists and clinicians in furthering patient care.
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Segarra S, Naiken T, Garnier J, Hamon V, Coussay N, Bernard FX. Enhanced In Vitro Expression of Filaggrin and Antimicrobial Peptides Following Application of Glycosaminoglycans and a Sphingomyelin-Rich Lipid Extract. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070323. [PMID: 35878340 PMCID: PMC9316723 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filaggrin is an epidermal protein involved in skin barrier formation and hydration, whose expression is altered in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). CAD patients also present an abnormal immune response with an altered expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as β-defensins and cathelicidins. Sphingolipids and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been reported to improve the skin barrier in several animal species, including dogs. Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro effects of a sphingomyelin-rich lipid extract (LE), a hyaluronic acid-rich GAG matrix, and their combination, on the expression of filaggrin and human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2). Filaggrin expression was quantified in a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), and hBD-2 in normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cultures. LE and GAGs were tested at 0.02 mg/mL, with or without adding a cytokine mix. A significant increase in mean hBD-2, compared to the control (99 pg/mL) was achieved with LE (138 pg/mL) and LE+GAGs (165 pg/mL). Filaggrin increased with GAGs (202% ± 83) and LE (193% ± 44) vs. the stimulated control, but this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) only with LE+GAGs (210% ± 39). In conclusion, the tested GAGs and LE enhance filaggrin and AMP expression in vitro, which might benefit CAD patients if applied in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934904908
| | - Tanesha Naiken
- Bioalternatives, 86160 Gençay, France; (T.N.); (J.G.); (V.H.); (N.C.); (F.-X.B.)
| | - Julien Garnier
- Bioalternatives, 86160 Gençay, France; (T.N.); (J.G.); (V.H.); (N.C.); (F.-X.B.)
| | - Valérie Hamon
- Bioalternatives, 86160 Gençay, France; (T.N.); (J.G.); (V.H.); (N.C.); (F.-X.B.)
| | - Nathalie Coussay
- Bioalternatives, 86160 Gençay, France; (T.N.); (J.G.); (V.H.); (N.C.); (F.-X.B.)
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11
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Orbell HL, Cave NJ, Parry K, Griffin CE. An explorative study comparing skin surface lipids in the West Highland white terrier dog with and without atopic dermatitis. Vet Q 2022; 42:12-20. [PMID: 35019832 PMCID: PMC8786243 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2028033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The skin barrier is important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and stratum corneum lipids have a critical role. Skin surface lipids have been largely overlooked but also contribute to barrier function. An untargeted approach was used to compare the skin surface lipids from atopic and non-atopic West Highland White terrier dogs (WHWT). Objectives The primary hypothesis was that a difference in the lipidome would exist. The secondary hypothesis was that affected and unaffected skin lipids would differ. Animals and methods This prospective, cross-sectional, case-controlled study included thirty-nine privately owned WHWTs. Dogs were assigned to one of four disease status groups based on strict criteria. Samples for lipid analysis were collected from the skin surface of unaffected and affected sites. Lipid analysis was by untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and utilised lipid identification software packages. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) statistical methods analysed the association between the relative lipid abundance and disease status and affected and unaffected skin. Results Samples for lipid analysis found 421 lipid soluble features of which ten lipids were positively identified. Statistical analysis could not distinguish between non-atopic and atopic dogs but did reveal a statistically significant difference in the lipid profiles from affected and non-affected skin irrespective of disease status. Conclusions A large array of unidentified lipids from the skin surface were found with a difference between affected and unaffected skin unrelated to disease status. Investigation into the lipidome of the skin surface is an emerging area of research with clinical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Orbell
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick J Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Marsella R, Wilkes R, Ahrens K. Canine Epidermal Keratinocytes (CPEK) Grown in Monolayer Are Not Representative of Normal Canine Keratinocytes for Permeability Studies: Pilot Studies. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9010025. [PMID: 35051109 PMCID: PMC8780127 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) are used as canine keratinocyte cell line. Their suitability for skin barrier studies is unknown. Measurement of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) evaluates epithelial permeability. We compared TEER and tight junction (TJ) expression in CPEKs and normal keratinocytes (NK) harvested from biopsies of normal dogs. CPEKs and NK were grown until confluence (D0) and for 13 additional days. Slides were fixed on D0 and stained with ZO-1 and claudin-1 antibodies. Five images/antibody were taken, randomized and evaluated blindly by three investigators for intensity, staining location, granularity, and continuousness. Cell size and variability were evaluated. TEER increased overtime to 2000 Ohms/cm in NK, while remained around 100–150 Ohms/cm in CPEK. ANOVA showed significant effect of time (p < 0.0001), group (p < 0.0001) and group x time interaction (p < 0.0001) for TEER. Size of CPEKs was significantly (p < 0.0001) smaller and less variable (p = 0.0078) than NK. Intensity of claudin-1 staining was greater in CPEKs (p < 0.0001) while granularity was less in CPEKs (p = 0.0012). For ZO-1, cytoplasmic staining was greater in CPEK (p < 0.0001) while membrane continuousness of staining was greater in NK (p = 0.0002). We conclude that CPEKs grown in monolayer are not representative of NK for permeability studies.
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13
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Park JY, Kim SM, Kim JH. Efficacy of Phototherapy With 308-nm Excimer Light for Skin Microbiome Dysbiosis and Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:762961. [PMID: 34926639 PMCID: PMC8677939 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.762961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of canine atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin disorder, is challenging. To investigate the effect of phototherapy using a 308-nm excimer light as a topical treatment for canine atopic dermatitis, 10 dogs with canine atopic dermatitis and 10 with non-allergic skin were enrolled in this study. Phototherapy was applied every 7 days for a total of 2 months. The skin microbiome, skin barrier function, and clinical outcomes were evaluated after phototherapy. Phototherapy significantly changed the composition of the skin microbiome of dogs with atopic dermatitis and significantly increased the relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. It significantly alleviated the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis without serious adverse effects. Transepidermal water loss, as a measure of skin barrier function, significantly decreased after phototherapy. In addition, phototherapy increased microbial diversity and decreased the relative abundance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with the severity of canine atopic dermatitis. These results suggest that the excimer light therapy is a suitable and safe therapeutic option for canine atopic dermatitis, which is also a spontaneous animal model of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yong Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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de Santiago MS, Arribas JLG, Llamas YM, Becvarova I, Meyer H. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial measuring the effect of a dietetic food on dermatologic scoring and pruritus in dogs with atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:354. [PMID: 34798876 PMCID: PMC8603501 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common condition that often requires multimodal therapy. Including a diet in the multimodal management of AD may reduce medication doses, saving pet owners money and reducing side effects. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to determine if a diet fortified in antioxidants, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the clinical signs of AD. Forty client-owned dogs with AD were enrolled in the study and assigned to either an enriched diet (diet B) or control diet (diet A) for 60-days. CADESI-4 index scores and owner-reported pruritus scores were measured periodically. Results Total CADESI-4 index scores for dogs eating diet B were lower on day 60 compared to baseline (P = 0.003). There was no statistical difference in scores for dogs eating diet A over a 60-day period. Diet B dogs had 25 and 49% reductions in CADESI-4 index scores on days 30 and 60, respectively (P = 0.0007) while diet A had no change over the study period. When comparing the percent change in owner-reported pruritus scores, diet B also performed better than diet A. By day 60, owners feeding diet B to their dogs reported a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) of 46.4% in itching, while those on diet A reported a 26.8% reduction, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Conclusions These study results demonstrate feeding a diet enriched with ingredients to improve skin health and reduce inflammation improves the clinical signs of AD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yolanda Moral Llamas
- Clinical Veterinary Hospital, Complutense University, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iveta Becvarova
- Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc., 400 Southwest Eighth Avenue, Topeka, KS, 66603, USA
| | - Hein Meyer
- Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc., 400 Southwest Eighth Avenue, Topeka, KS, 66603, USA.
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15
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Outerbridge CA, Jordan TJ. Current Knowledge on Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Treatment. ADVANCES IN SMALL ANIMAL CARE 2021; 2:101-115. [PMID: 35721364 PMCID: PMC9204668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasa.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA,
| | - Tyler J.M. Jordan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Effects of age, sex, and breed on the composition of free extractable ceramides in the stratum corneum of healthy dogs. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:121-126. [PMID: 34687003 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide (CER), an important component of the extracellular lamellar lipids in the stratum corneum (SC), plays a critical role in maintaining the cutaneous barrier function. This study aimed to determine whether the quantity of free extractable SC CERs in dogs was affected by the age, sex, or breed. Fifty-eight dogs from the breeds Shiba Inu, beagle, miniature dachshund, shih tzu, and golden retriever, without any history of skin problems, were enrolled in this study. Lipid extracts from the SC were subjected to high-performance thin-layer chromatography to quantify the free extractable CERs. There were weak negative correlations between the age and the amount of free extractable CERs, CER [NP] (non-hydroxy fatty acids linked to phytosphingosines), CER [AS/NH] (α-hydroxy fatty acids linked to sphingosines/non-hydroxy fatty acids linked to 6-hydroxysphingosines), and CER [AP] (α-hydroxy fatty acids and phytosphingosines). There were no significant sex- or breed-related differences in the amounts of free extractable SC CERs in the dogs. These findings imply that aging causes a decline in the amount of free extractable SC CERs in dogs, similar to that observed in humans. The sex or breed of the dogs investigated in this study did not influence the amount of free extractable SC CERs.
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17
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Ichthyosis in Dogs—Congenital Dermatologic Disorder. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The skin provides protective functions, such as thermoregulation, resorption, provision of immune responses, storage and sensory functions, which all play an important role in the internal stability of the organism. The skin has 3 major layers: the epidermis, the dermis and subcutis. The outermost protective layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, consists of 20 to 30 overlapping layers of anucleate cells, the corneocytes. Ichthyosis is an autosomal recessive congenital skin disease, in which the corneocytes form defects that appear like individual steps of the stratum corneum. Ichthyosis is characterized by excessive scaling over the entire body surface and is not curable; the symptoms can only be alleviated. Several genetic variants have been identified in specific dog breeds: PNPLA1 in the Golden Retrievers, SLC27A4 in the Great Danes, NIPAL4 in the American Bulldogs, TGM1 in the Jack Russel Terriers, ASPRV1 in the German Shepherds, which cause different forms of nonepidermolytic ichthyosis and KRT10 in the Norfolk Terriers, which causes epidermolytic ichthyosis. When classifying breeds of dogs predisposed to ichthyosis, it is necessary to determine the presence of defective genes in the genome of the individual animals involved in mating.
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18
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Local and Systemic Changes in Lipid Profile as Potential Biomarkers for Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100670. [PMID: 34677385 PMCID: PMC8541266 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a critical role in the skin as components of the epidermal barrier and as signaling and antimicrobial molecules. Atopic dermatitis in dogs is associated with changes in the lipid composition of the skin, but whether these precede or follow the onset of dermatitis is unclear. We applied rapid lipid-profiling mass spectrometry to skin and blood of 30 control and 30 atopic dogs. Marked differences in lipid profiles were observed between control, nonlesional, and lesional skin. The lipid composition of blood from control and atopic dogs was different, indicating systemic changes in lipid metabolism. Female and male dogs differed in the degree of changes in the skin and blood lipid profiles. Treatment with oclacitinib or lokivetmab ameliorated the skin condition and caused changes in skin and blood lipids. A set of lipid features of the skin was selected as a biomarker that classified samples as control or atopic dermatitis with 95% accuracy, whereas blood lipids discriminated between control and atopic dogs with 90% accuracy. These data suggest that canine atopic dermatitis is a systemic disease and support the use of rapid lipid profiling to identify novel biomarkers.
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19
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The examination of biophysical parameters of the skin in Polish Konik horses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250329. [PMID: 34153061 PMCID: PMC8216546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the biophysical parameters of the skin in Polish Konik horses (Polish primitive horses). According to the authors, this is the first assessment performed on such a wide scale in this group of animals. The evaluation carried out is innovative both with regards to the breed of the animals and the wide scope of the physicochemical skin assessment. The study group comprised mares, stallions and geldings, and the evaluations concerned transepidermal water loss, corneometry, pH, skin temperature assessment and mexametry. These parameters were assessed in five skin regions: the lips, the right ear, the prosternum, the right side of the neck and the chest. The measurements were taken after spreading the hair apart, with the use of a Multiprobe Adapter System (MPA®) and dedicated probes (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). The measurements revealed statistically significant differences in the values of transepidermal water loss in the lips in mares compared with stallions (P = 0.023) and also in stallions compared with geldings (P = 0.009). Corneometry showed significantly higher results in the neck region in mares compared with stallions (P = 0.037) and the prosternum areas in mares and geldings compared with stallions (P = 0.037 and P = 0.018). Skin pH measurement on the right side of the neck rendered significantly higher values in stallions than in mares (P = 0.037). In geldings, the skin temperature was significantly higher than in stallions (P = 0.049). Once the appropriate physicochemical values for specific animal species and breeds are determined, non-invasive methods of skin examination in many diseases and also methods of evaluation of the efficacy and/or adverse effects of applied medications can be established.
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20
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Meason-Smith C, Olivry T, Lawhon SD, Hoffmann AR. Malassezia species dysbiosis in natural and allergen-induced atopic dermatitis in dogs. Med Mycol 2021; 58:756-765. [PMID: 31782778 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia dermatitis and otitis are recurrent features of canine atopic dermatitis, increasing the cost of care, and contributing to a reduced quality of life for the pet. The exact pathogenesis of secondary yeast infections in allergic dogs remains unclear, but some have proposed an overgrowth of M. pachydermatis to be one of the flare factors. The distribution of Malassezia populations on healthy and allergic canine skin has not been previously investigated using culture-independent methods. Skin swabs were collected from healthy, naturally affected allergic, and experimentally sensitized atopic dogs. From the extracted DNA, fungal next-generations sequencing (NGS) targeting the ITS region with phylogenetic analysis of sequences for species level classification, and Malassezia species-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed. M. globosa was significantly more abundant on healthy canine skin by both methods (NGS P < .0001, qPCR P < .0001). M. restricta was significantly more abundant on healthy skin by NGS (P = .0023), and M. pachydermatis was significantly more abundant on naturally-affected allergic skin by NGS (P < .0001) and on allergen-induced atopic skin lesions by qPCR (P = .0015). Shifts in Malassezia populations were not observed in correlation with the development of allergen-induced skin lesions. Differences in the lipid dependency of predominant Malassezia commensals between groups suggests a role of the skin lipid content in driving community composition and raises questions of whether targeting skin lipids with therapeutics could promote healthy Malassezia populations on canine skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Meason-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
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21
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Marsella R. Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:547-e151. [PMID: 33891338 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically inherited clinical syndrome that encompasses a diversity of mechanisms and can have a variety of triggers. Development of clinical disease is the result of genetic factors and environmental conditions, which shape the resulting immunological response. Clinical disease becomes evident once a threshold of inflammatory response is achieved. Skin barrier impairment plays a role in promoting cutaneous dysbiosis and increased allergen penetration. Keratinocytes shape the response of dendritic cells and subsequent lymphocytic response. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is one of the links between the damaged skin barrier and the modulation of a T-helper (Th)2 response. It is still unclear whether mutations in skin barrier genes exist in atopic dogs, as they do in humans, or whether the observed alterations are purely secondary to inflammation. A dysregulated immune response with increased Th2, Th17 and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells has been reported. A variety of cytokines [interleukin(IL)-31, IL-34, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor] are proposed as potential biomarkers and treatment targets because they are increased in the serum of atopic dogs when compared to controls, although a correlation between serum levels of these factors and severity of disease is not always present. The main issue with many published studies is that atopic dogs are always only compared to normal controls. Thus, it is unclear whether the changes that we find are truly a signature of cAD or merely a manifestation of nonspecific broad inflammatory responses. Studies considering comparison with other inflammatory diseases different from cAD are urgently needed to correctly identify what is specific to this complicated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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22
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Esumi M, Kanda S, Shimoura H, Hsiao YH, Iyori K. Preliminary evaluation of two bathing methods for the management of Malassezia overgrowth in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:228-e59. [PMID: 33844368 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifungal shampoos are widely used for canine Malassezia dermatitis. Few studies have evaluated effective bathing methods for atopic dogs with Malassezia overgrowth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of an emollient bathing product (AFLOAT VET) and 2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo (2% MIC/CHX) in atopic dogs, and to evaluate the influence on skin barrier function of both products in healthy dogs. ANIMALS Sixteen atopic dogs with secondary Malassezia overgrowth and 11 healthy dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study was a randomized, single-blinded trial. The dogs were randomly treated with either emollient bathing or 2% MIC/CHX, twice weekly for four weeks. Clinical assessment used the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS), and cytological evaluation of yeast numbers at Day (D)0, D14 and D28. Skin barrier function was determined by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after a single bathing procedure with each product in the healthy dogs. RESULTS The pVAS scores and yeast counts were significantly reduced on D28 compared with D0 in both groups (P < 0.05). CADESI-04 was significantly decreased on D28 in the emollient bathing group (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in each endpoint score between the groups. In healthy dogs, TEWL was significantly increased after bathing in both groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION An emollient bathing product can be effective for Malassezia overgrowth in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Bathing with shampoo products might affect skin barrier function even when using an emollient product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Esumi
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Satoko Kanda
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shimoura
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Yun-Hsiao Hsiao
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Keita Iyori
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
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23
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REIS BPZCD, ORGE ID, SAMPAIO GLDA, DALTRO SRT, SANTOS RRD, MEIRA CS, SOARES MBP. Mesenchymal Stem cells in the context of canine atopic dermatitis: A Review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402122242021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and has a high frequency among dermatological diseases. The interaction of genetic factors, skin and environmental conditions affect the expression of the disease, developing a complex pathology. Current multimodal treatment has numerous adverse effects and variations in its efficacy and safety, demonstrating the need to develop safe and effective therapeutic resources for patients with CAD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, with special characteristics, such as self-renewal, immunomodulatory properties, and de-differentiation, making them useful for several clinical problems. The discovery of the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs on T cells has opened the potential for new perspectives with its use as a therapeutic agent for immune diseases, such as CAD. The scarce number of research using the MSC as a treatment for CAD result in the lack of knowledge about the benefits and possible protocols to be followed for the use of this cell therapy. In this review, we highlighted the clinical studies and potential biological mechanisms of MSC-based cell therapy effects attenuating canine atopic dermatitis compared to conventional treatment, which might lead to a safe improvement of the animal’s clinical condition in a short period without causing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cássio Santana MEIRA
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Brazil
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24
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Moore R, Anturaniemi J, Velagapudi V, Nandania J, Barrouin-Melo SM, Hielm-Björkman A. Targeted Metabolomics With Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) Highlights Metabolic Differences in Healthy and Atopic Staffordshire Bull Terriers Fed Two Different Diets, A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:554296. [PMID: 33195525 PMCID: PMC7653775 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.554296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While anecdotal evidence has long claimed that a raw meat-based diet (RMBD) improves the metabolic health of canines, no rigorous scientific study has clarified this issue. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has also been linked to metabolic health, but its relation to diet remains poorly understood. This study investigates whether dietary choice is linked to metabolic health in healthy and CAD-diagnosed canines via targeted serum and urine metabolomic analysis of polar, non-ionic metabolites, as well as whether the underlying CAD condition modulates the response to nutritional intake. Materials and Methods: Serum metabolites of client-owned Staffordshire bull terriers, divided into CAD-diagnosed (n = 14) and healthy (n = 6) cohorts, were studied. Urine metabolites of a subset of the CAD-diagnosed canines (n = 8) were also studied. The canines were split into two cohorts based on diet. The first cohort were fed a commercially available high-fat, moderate-protein, low-carbohydrate RMBD (n = 11, CAD diagnosed n = 8, healthy n = 3). Those in the second cohort were fed a commercially available moderate-fat, moderate-protein, high-carbohydrate kibble diet (KD) (n = 9: CAD diagnosed n = 6, healthy n = 3). The diet intervention period lasted approximately 4.5 months (median 135 days). Statistical analyses of the serum profiles across all dogs (n = 20) and the urine profiles of the CAD-diagnosed subset (n = 8) were performed. Results and Discussion: The KD cohort was found to have higher concentrations of methionine than the RMBD cohort, both in serum (all dogs, p < 0.0001) and in urine (CAD-only cohort, p < 0.0002), as well as cystathionine and 4-pyridoxic acid. Methionine plays important roles in homocysteine metabolism, and elevated levels have been implicated in various pathologies. The CAD (n = 14) cohort dogs showed starker metabolic changes in response to diet regarding these pathways compared to the healthy (n = 6) cohort. However, there was no significant change in CAD severity as a result of either diet. Likely due to the higher meat content of the RMBD, higher concentrations of several carnitines and creatine were found in the RMBD cohort. Citrulline was found in higher concentrations in the KD cohort. Our findings provide insight into the relationship between diet and the serum and urine metabolite profiles of canines. They also suggest that neither diet significantly affected CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Moore
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Anturaniemi
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jatin Nandania
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Yoon J, Noh M, Lee JB, Lee JH. Highly Sustainable and Completely Amorphous Hierarchical Ceramide Microcapsules for Potential Epidermal Barrier. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092166. [PMID: 32971919 PMCID: PMC7569765 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main component of the stratum corneum, ceramides can construct protective lamellae to provide an epidermal barrier against dehydration or external microorganisms. However, as ceramide molecules can easily form the isolated crystalline phase through self-assembly due to the amphipathic nature of bioactive lipids, the effective incorporation of ceramides into liquid media is the remaining issue for controlled release. Here, we report an unprecedented effective strategy to fabricate a completely amorphous and highly sustainable hierarchical ceramide polymer microcapsule for promising epidermal barrier by using the interpenetrating and cooperative self-construction of conical amphiphiles with a different critical packing parameter. The self-constructed amorphous architecture of ceramides in polymer microcapsule is achieved by the facile doping of conical amphiphiles and subsequent in situ polymerization of shell polymer in the core-shell geometry. It is experimentally revealed that an irregular cooperative packing structure formed by adaptive hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions of cylindrical ceramides and conical amphiphiles in the confined microcapsule geometry enables a completely amorphous morphology of ceramides to be realized during the spontaneous encapsulation process. Furthermore, this elegant approach affords a highly dispersible and uniform hierarchical amorphous ceramide microcapsule with a greatly enhanced long-term stability compared to conventional crystalline ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsik Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea;
| | - Minjoo Noh
- Innovation Lab, Cosmax R&I Center, Cosmax, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (M.N.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Jun Bae Lee
- Innovation Lab, Cosmax R&I Center, Cosmax, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (M.N.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-829-8329
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Yoon JS, Nishifuji K, Iwasaki T. Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid increases the production of epidermal ceramides in in vitro canine keratinocytes. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:419-e112. [PMID: 32803908 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the effects of essential fatty acids on the production of epidermal ceramide (CER) in canine keratinocytes. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and linoleic acid (LA) supplementation on the production of CERs using an in vitro canine keratinocyte culture system. METHODS AND MATERIALS Canine keratinocyte cells (MSCEK) were incubated with high Ca2+ [1.8 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2 )] serum-free medium, supplemented with 3 µM EPA and 15 µM LA when the cells showed confluency. On Day 8 of application, lipid analysis using high-performance thin layer chromatography and real-time PCR for detecting glucosylceramide synthase and ceramidase were performed. RESULTS It was revealed that the amounts of CER (EOS) (combination of ω-hydroxy fatty acids and sphingosines), CER [EOP] (combination of ω-hydroxy fatty acids and phytosphingosines) and a mixture of CER [NS] (combination of nonhydroxy fatty acids and sphingosines) and [NDS] (combination of nonhydroxy fatty acids and dihydrosphingosines), as well as total CERs, were significantly increased in cells incubated with EPA and LA compared to those of the vehicle, with increased mRNA expression of glucosylceramide synthase. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These findings suggest that EPA and LA can potentially alter the CER profile of the skin and this may contribute to its epidermal barrier function in canine skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiro Iwasaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Marsella R, Ahrens K, Wilkes R, Trujillo A, Dorr M. Comparison of various treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis: a blinded, randomized, controlled study in a colony of research atopic beagle dogs. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:284-e69. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Blanche Saunders Dermatology Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Kim Ahrens
- Blanche Saunders Dermatology Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Rachel Wilkes
- Blanche Saunders Dermatology Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Andrew Trujillo
- Blanche Saunders Dermatology Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Mackenzie Dorr
- Blanche Saunders Dermatology Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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Marsella R, Segarra S, Ahrens K, Alonso C, Ferrer L. Topical treatment with SPHINGOLIPIDS and GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS for canine atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:92. [PMID: 32197613 PMCID: PMC7082980 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin barrier dysfunction plays a key role in atopic dermatitis (AD). This impairment is related to altered composition and metabolism of epidermal sphingolipids and a deficiency of ceramides. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and especially hyaluronic acid, could be useful in the management of AD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel topical treatment consisting of sphingolipids and GAGs extracts in dogs with AD. This formulation is different from previously tested products because the sphingolipid extract contained high amounts of sphingomyelin, a precursor of ceramides, and this has been shown to enhance endogenous synthesis of ceramides and to increase lamellar-related structures in vitro. Thus, it was hypothesized that this formulation could improve clinical disease and skin barrier function in patients with AD. Results Twelve house dust mite (HDM) allergic atopic beagle dogs were randomized into two groups: control (n = 6; no treatment) or treatment (n = 6; topical sphingolipids and GAGs twice weekly for 8 weeks). Dogs were challenged with allergen twice weekly and the severity of dermatitis was scored using the canine atopic dermatitis and extent severity index (CADESI-03) once weekly. Skin barrier function (measurement of transepidermal water loss) and severity of pruritus (both pruritus visual analog scale [PVAS] and pruritus timed episodes) were assessed at 0, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Assessments were done by personnel unaware of group allocation. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry and stratum corneum (SC) lipidomics analyses were done at baseline and at week 8. Compared to baseline, significant increases in CADESI (P = 0.0003) and PVAS (P = 0.041) were observed only in the control group, and SC polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly only with treatment (P = 0.039). Compared to control, treatment group had a significantly lower CADESI after 1 week (P = 0.0078) and a significantly lower PVAS after 8 weeks (P = 0.0448). Treatment was well tolerated. Conclusions In this study in dogs with AD, a new topical formulation containing sphingomyelin-rich sphingolipids plus GAGs extracts attenuated the clinical worsening induced by HDM, supporting its use in atopic patients, either as an adjunctive treatment or used as monotherapy in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U, pl. Francesc Macià 7, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Ahrens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Edificio 502, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Lluís Ferrer
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V Campus UAB, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Yoon JS, Nishifuji K, Iwasaki T. Development of an in vitro submerged culture system to synthesize epidermal ceramides in canine keratinocytes. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:48-51. [PMID: 32143083 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides (CERs) in the stratum corneum (SC) are known to play a crucial role in determining skin barrier function in dogs. We aimed to develop an in vitro culture system that synthesized epidermal CER classes to better understand the synthesis of CER classes in canine SC-. Canine keratinocyte cells (MSCEK) at appropriate confluency were incubated with high Ca2+ (1.8 mM CaCl2) supplemented serum-free medium. Eight days post Ca2+ application, the surface of cultured MSCEK was broadly stained with anti-loricrin antibody implying that the keratinocytes had stratified into stratum granulosum. MSCEK cells synthesized heterogenous epidermal CERs, similar to those seen during the stratification of canine keratinocytes. CER fractions obtained from MSCEK cells were comparable to those from canine SC, including CER[EOS] (combination of ω-hydroxy fatty acids and sphingosines), CER[NP] (combination of non-hydroxy fatty acids and phytosphingosines), and CER[EOP] (combination of ω-hydroxy fatty acids and phytosphingosines), all of which are lowered in the SC during canine atopic dermatitis. Thus, the present study provides a simple culture system as a tool for in-depth analysis of CER production in canine keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - K Nishifuji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - T Iwasaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Witzel-Rollins A, Murphy M, Becvarova I, Werre SR, Cadiergues MC, Meyer H. Non-controlled, open-label clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of a dietetic food on pruritus and dermatologic scoring in atopic dogs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:220. [PMID: 31253166 PMCID: PMC6599232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate food designed to improve skin barrier function and lower inflammation to reduce pruritus and clinical severity in client-owned atopic dogs. The food contained an antioxidant blend to reduce oxidative stress, plant polyphenols to stabilize mast cells, and polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve skin health and reduce inflammation. RESULTS Seventeen dogs were included in the analysis. Initially 48 adult atopic dogs were enrolled and exclusively fed a dermatologic food for 8 weeks in a non-controlled, open-label study. Thirty-one dogs were excluded for the following reasons: oral and topical medication changes (n = 17), missing data (n = 4), fatty acid supplementation (n = 3), food refusal (n = 3), dropped out (n = 3), and owner concerns (n = 1). Using a scale from 0 (normal) - 4 (severe), veterinarians evaluated the presence and severity of clinical signs of atopy at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Pet owners also rated their pet's clinical signs of atopy on a scale from 0 (not present) - 10 (present continuously) at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Compared with initial baseline scores (median 19, range 3-69), the total veterinarian scores were significantly lower at weeks 4 (median 11, range 1-15) and 8 (median 7, range 3-46) (p < 0.05). Similarly, owner assessments showed significant improvements in the least squares mean (LSM) from baseline to 4 weeks (itching, redness, licking, and scratching) continuing to 8 weeks (itching, redness, and scratching) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this open, non-controlled study evaluating a dermatologic diet in seventeen client-owned dogs, owner and veterinarian assessments showed statistically significant reductions in clinical scores designed to measure severity of atopic dermatitis. While these results show promise for the management of canine atopic dermatitis, controlled clinical trials are also needed to affirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Witzel-Rollins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Maryanne Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Iveta Becvarova
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Europe, 4106 Therwil, Grabetsmattweg, Switzerland
| | - Stephen R. Werre
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061 USA
| | | | - Hein Meyer
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Europe, 4106 Therwil, Grabetsmattweg, Switzerland
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Szczepanik M, Wilkołek P, Gołyński M, Sitkowski W, Taszkun I, Toczek W. The influence of treatment with lokivetmab on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in dogs with spontaneously occurring atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:330-e93. [PMID: 31090122 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases in dogs. Monitoring the progress of treatment may include assessment of lesion severity by use of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI), assessment of pruritus and measurement of biophysical parameters of the skin. HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to assess changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) during 12 weeks of treatment with lokivetmab and its correlation with the CADESI-04 and the severity of pruritus. ANIMALS Ten client-owned dogs with canine AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS The animals were administered lokivetmab three times at four week intervals. Pruritus and CADESI-04 were assessed, and TEWL was measured at six body regions, on Day 0 and repeated at weeks 4, 8 and 12. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the CADESI-04 score, the severity of pruritus and the mean TEWL between baseline and each of the time points. TEWL also decreased in the majority of body sites examined. Significant correlations between the CADESI-04 and mean TEWL (r = 0.519, P = 0.0003), and between pruritus severity and mean TEWL (r = 0.517, P = 0.0003), were found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Overall TEWL decreased during lokivetmab treatment but not at all body sites. If TEWL is used to assess the effectiveness of a treatment, a mean TEWL score should be calculated from several areas of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szczepanik
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilkołek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołyński
- Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Sitkowski
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Toczek
- Private veterinary practice ul, Straconki 177, 43-300, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Cobiella D, Archer L, Bohannon M, Santoro D. Pilot study using five methods to evaluate skin barrier function in healthy dogs and in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:121. [PMID: 30644144 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is associated with skin barrier defects. In people, noninvasive techniques are used to quantify the skin barrier functionality. In dogs, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration and pH have been used to assess skin barrier function. However, few studies have determined their repeatability. OBJECTIVE To assess the repeatability of measurements of skin hydration, TEWL, pH, skin absorbance and erythema in healthy and atopic dogs. ANIMALS Fifteen healthy and 15 atopic privately owned dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three repeated measurements using Corneometer®, Skin-pH-Meter®, Colorimeter® and VapoMeter® were obtained from inguinal, axilla, pinna and interdigital space by three investigators. Intra- and interobserver variability (coefficient of variation, correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients) and difference between the two groups (t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test) were determined. RESULTS High repeatability and low variation were observed both intra- and interobservers for all devices except the VapoMeter®. The most repeatable device was the Skin-pH-Meter®, whereas the VapoMeter® was the device with the highest intra- and interobserver variability. Atopic dogs had a significantly increased pH (inguinal P = 0.03; axilla P = 0.02) and erythema (inguinal P = 0.01; axilla P = 0.02) compared to healthy dogs. No differences between the two groups were detected using the Corneometer®, VapoMeter® or Colorimeter® (tartrazine absorption). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this pilot study support the use of Corneometer®, Skin-pH-Meter® and Colorimeter® in the assessment of skin barrier function in dogs; further investigations to optimize measurements and confirm these results are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cobiella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Linda Archer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mary Bohannon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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Gedon NKY, Mueller RS. Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 30323921 PMCID: PMC6172809 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of atopic dermatitis in companion animals and of recent developments including knowledge on immunological background, novel treatment options and difficulties in disease management. The prevalence of hypersensitivities seems to be increasing. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood, yet multiple gene abnormalities and altered immunological processes are involved. In dogs and cats, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based on history, clinical examination and exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Intradermal testing or testing for serum allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E is only used to identify allergens for inclusion in the extract for allergen immunotherapy. Symptomatic therapy includes glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, essential fatty acids and antihistamines. A selective janus kinase 1 inhibitor and a caninized monoclonal interleukin-31 antibody are the newest options for symptomatic treatment, although longterm effects still need to be assessed. The chronic and often severe nature of the disease, the costly diagnostic workup, frequent clinical flares and lifelong treatment are challenging for owners, pets and veterinarians. Patience and excellent communication skills are needed to achieve a good owner compliance and satisfactory clinical outcome for the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Katharina Yvonne Gedon
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Steffen Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Altered lipid properties of the stratum corneum in Canine Atopic Dermatitis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:526-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Røpke MA, Alonso C, Jung S, Norsgaard H, Richter C, Darvin ME, Litman T, Vogt A, Lademann J, Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J. Effects of glucocorticoids on stratum corneum lipids and function in human skin—A detailed lipidomic analysis. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88:330-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Szczepanik MP, Wilkołek PM, Adamek ŁR, Zając M, Gołyński M, Sitkowski W, Taszkun I. Evaluation of the correlation between Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis and Feline Extent and Severity Index and skin hydration in atopic cats. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:34-e16. [PMID: 28901591 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of the severity of clinical signs of cats with allergic skin diseases has used two scoring systems: Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) and the Feline Extent and Severity Index (FeDESI). The integrity of the cutaneous barrier can also be evaluated by measuring skin hydration. A correlation between the clinical score and skin hydration has been observed in humans and dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). HYPOTHESIS To demonstrate a correlation between the clinical score and skin hydration of cats affected with presumed AD. ANIMALS European short hair cats (n = 18): 11 females and seven males with a confirmed diagnosis of AD. METHODS SCORFAD and FeDESI scores were calculated and the measurements of skin hydration were assessed from seven body sites using corneometry. The correlation between the SCORFAD and FeDESI systems and skin hydration of each site, and the average skin hydration was calculated. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between the SCORFAD score and skin hydration for the axilla, thorax and forelimb; for FeDESI and axilla and lumbar sites. There was a negative correlation between the FeDESI and skin hydration for the pinna (r = -0.47). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Measurements of skin hydration could be a useful tool for the evaluation of allergic cats. There is limited evidence of any useful correlation between clinical scoring systems and measurements of hydration. The pinna may be a suitable region for the assessment of skin barrier function in normal and allergic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin P Szczepanik
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Wilkołek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz R Adamek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Zając
- Private veterinary practice Bafir, ul. Szpitalna 9a, 41-250, Czeladź, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołyński
- Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Sitkowski
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
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Marsella R, De Benedetto A. Atopic Dermatitis in Animals and People: An Update and Comparative Review. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4030037. [PMID: 29056696 PMCID: PMC5644664 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is an extremely common, pruritic, and frustrating disease to treat in both people and animals. Atopic dermatitis is multifactorial and results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Much progress has been done in recent years in terms of understanding the complex pathogenesis of this clinical syndrome and the identification of new treatments. As we learn more about it, we appreciate the striking similarities that exist in the clinical manifestations of this disease across species. Both in animals and people, atopic disease is becoming increasingly common and important similarities exist in terms of immunologic aberrations and the propensity for allergic sensitization. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent views on atopic dermatitis in both domestic species and in people emphasizing the similarities and the differences. A comparative approach can be beneficial in understanding the natural course of this disease and the variable response to existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 4037 NW 86 Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 4037 NW 86 Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.
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Marsella R, Cornegliani L, Ozmen I, Bohannon M, Ahrens K, Santoro D. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study on the effects of topical blackcurrant emulsion enriched in essential fatty acids, ceramides and 18-beta glycyrrhetinic acid on clinical signs and skin barrier function in dogs with atopic dermati. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:577-e140. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
| | | | - Ibrahim Ozmen
- Department of Dermatology; Corlu Military Hospital; Corlu Tekirdag 59850 Turkey
| | - Mary Bohannon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
| | - Kim Ahrens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
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Szczepanik MP, Wilkołek PM, Adamek ŁR, Pluta M, Gołyński M, Sitkowski W, Kalisz G, Taszkun I, Pomorski ZJH. Influence of horse breed on transepidermal water loss. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 19:859-864. [PMID: 28092600 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods of skin condition assessment include, among others, the evaluation of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of the study was to examine whether TEWL values depend on horse breed. The study was conducted on four breeds: "Felin" ponies (FP) (n=16), Polish koniks (PK) (n=15), Polish cold-blooded horses (PcbH) (n=11) and Wielkopolska horses (WH) (n=12). It was found that horse breed influences TEWL values. In the neck region, statistically significant differences were found between PK and FP (p=0.006), and PK and WH (p=0.0005). In the lumbar region, there were statistically significant differences between FP and PK (p=0.0009), FP and PcbH (p=0.0016) as well as between PK and WH (p=0.000037), and PcbH and WH (p=0.0006). In the inguinal region statistically significant differences were found between FP and PK (p=0.0003), FP and PcbH (p=0.0005), PK and WH (p=0.009) and PcbH and WH (p=0.006). In the lip region statistically significant differences were observed between FP and PK (p=0.013) as well as between PK and PcbH (p=0.029) and PK and WH (p=0.009). In the examination of TEWL animal breed should be taken into consideration. The non-significant differences found in three of the examined body regions may suggest that these regions are the most adequate for TEWL assessment.
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Hobi S, Klinger C, Classen J, Mueller RS. The effects of a topical lipid complex therapy on dogs with atopic dermatitis: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:369-e84. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hobi
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic; Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Veterinaerstraße 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Christoph Klinger
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic; Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Veterinaerstraße 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Janine Classen
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic; Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Veterinaerstraße 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic; Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; Veterinaerstraße 13 80539 Munich Germany
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Herrmann I, Panakova L, Janda J. Allergic and Atopic Eczema in Humans and Their Animals. Comp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Effects of sphingolipid extracts on the morphological structure and lipid profile in an in vitro model of canine skin. Vet J 2016; 212:58-64. [PMID: 27256026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides (CER) are essential sphingolipids of the stratum corneum (SC) that play an important role in maintaining cutaneous barrier function. Skin barrier defects occur in both human beings and dogs affected with atopic dermatitis, and have been associated with decreased CER concentrations and morphological alterations in the SC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes induced by three different sphingolipid extracts (SPE-1, SPE-2 and SPE-3) on the morphological structure and lipid composition of canine skin, using an in vitro model, whereby keratinocytes were seeded onto fibroblast-embedded collagen type I matrix at the air-liquid interface. Cell cultures were supplemented with SPE-1, SPE-2, SPE-3 or vehicle (control) for 14 days. The relative concentrations of lipids were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The ultrastructural morphology of samples was examined by transmission electron microscopy. SPE-1 induced significant elevation in total CERs, CER[NS], CER[NDS], CER[NP], CER[AS], CER[AP], CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] subclasses, whereas SPE-2 induced a significant elevation in total CER, CER[AP] and CER[EOS] compared with control conditions. Ultrastructural analysis revealed an increase in lamellar-lipid structures in the SC of SPE-1-treated samples. The findings demonstrated that SPE-1 stimulates production of CERs, as shown by changes in lipid composition and ultrastructural morphology. Thus, SPE-1 contributes to the formation of a well-organised SC and represents a potential therapeutic target for improving skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis.
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Meason-Smith C, Diesel A, Patterson AP, Older CE, Mansell JM, Suchodolski JS, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. What is living on your dog's skin? Characterization of the canine cutaneous mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis in canine allergic dermatitis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv139. [PMID: 26542075 PMCID: PMC4657189 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the skin-associated fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in dogs, and to evaluate the influence of body site, individual dog or health status on the distribution of fungi, next-generation sequencing was performed targeting the internal transcribed spacer region. A total of 10 dogs with no history of skin disease were sampled at 10 distinct body sites consisting of haired and mucosal skin, and 8 dogs with diagnosed skin allergies were sampled at six body sites commonly affected by allergic disease. Analysis of similarities revealed that body site was not an influencing factor on membership or structure of fungal communities in healthy skin; however, the mucosal sites were significantly reduced in fungal richness. The mycobiota from body sites in healthy dogs tended to be similar within a dog, which was visualized in principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) by clustering of all sites from one dog separate from other dogs. The mycobiota of allergic skin was significantly less rich than that of healthy skin, and all sites sampled clustered by health status in PCoA. Interestingly, the most abundant fungi present on canine skin, across all body sites and health statuses, were Alternaria and Cladosporium—two of the most common fungal allergens in human environmental allergies. The skin-associated fungal microbiota were characterized in healthy dogs and those with skin allergies using next-generation sequencing, and the authors identified significant influences of the dog and health status on the distribution and diversity of fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Meason-Smith
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Alison Diesel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Adam P Patterson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Caitlin E Older
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Joanne M Mansell
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
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Saridomichelakis MN, Olivry T. An update on the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet J 2015; 207:29-37. [PMID: 26586215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease seen in veterinary clinical practice. Several factors appear to contribute to the cutaneous inflammation and pruritus. The therapeutic strategy should focus on control of those factors that can be identified and for which interventional measures are feasible; these include ectoparasites, bacterial/fungal infection and dietary hypersensitivity. Ectoparasites, particularly fleas, are not the cause of atopic dermatitis, but they are a confounding factor, which can exacerbate pruritus, and preventative measures are therefore indicated. Bacterial and yeast infections are frequently associated with atopic dermatitis and initial systemic and/or topical therapy should be considered, followed by regular topical treatment for preventing relapse. Concurrent dietary hypersensitivity should be investigated by undertaking an elimination/provocation trial, followed by feeding of a hypoallergenic diet where appropriate. Depending on the severity of the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis and the willingness and expectations of owners, symptomatic treatment and/or specific interventional therapy for environmental allergy (allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy) may be implemented. Symptomatic treatment includes use of glucocorticoids (systemically or topically), ciclosporin and oclacitinib. Other treatment modalities of lower or less proven efficacy include antihistamines, dextromethorphan, fatty acids, feline interferon-omega, misoprostol, pentoxifylline, specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressant drugs. The therapeutic approach should be reviewed at regular intervals and tailored to the individual's needs. A successful long-term outcome can usually be achieved by combining the various treatment approaches in a way that maximises their benefits and minimises their drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, Karditsa GR-43100, Greece.
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Pucheu-Haston CM, Santoro D, Bizikova P, Eisenschenk MNC, Marsella R, Nuttall T. Review: Innate immunity, lipid metabolism and nutrition in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:104-e28. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | | | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
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Santoro D, Marsella R, Pucheu-Haston CM, Eisenschenk MNC, Nuttall T, Bizikova P. Review: Pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis: skin barrier and host-micro-organism interaction. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:84-e25. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | | | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27606 USA
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van Beeck FL, Watson A, Bos M, Biourge V, Willemse T. The effect of long-term feeding of skin barrier-fortified diets on the owner-assessed incidence of atopic dermatitis symptoms in Labrador retrievers. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e5. [PMID: 26097705 PMCID: PMC4462758 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of feeding a skin barrier function-augmenting diet early in dogs' lives on the appearance of clinical signs associated with canine atopic dermatitis. Pregnant bitches (starting 5 weeks after mating) and their subsequent litters (up to 1 year of age) were fed either supplemented or unsupplemented diets. Nutrients supplemented were nicotinamide, pantothenate, histidine, inositol and choline. Circulating IgE levels to dust mute allergens Der f and Der p were measured when the puppies were 6 and 12 months old. Two owner questionnaires were used to assess the occurrence of typical signs associated with atopic dermatitis when dogs were between the ages of 22 and 36, and 34 and 48 months. Using linear mixed models we observed higher levels of circulating anti-Der f (P = 0·021) and -Der p IgE (P = 0·01) during the first year in the dogs fed the unsupplemented than in those fed the supplemented diet. The owner-assessed incidence of atopic dermatitis signs amongst the dogs was significantly greater in the unsupplemented group at the time of the second follow-up questionnaire (10/33 dogs v. 2/24 dogs). These outcomes suggest that a nutritionally derived improvement to barrier function early in life may reduce the frequency of signs associated with atopic dermatitis. The effect is possibly the result of making the epidermis, now thought to be a major route of environmental allergen exposure, more resistant to penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Looringh van Beeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals
and Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ton Willemse
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals
and Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Popa I, Portoukalian J, Haftek M. Specificity in the alteration of lesional and non-lesional skin lipids in atopic dogs. World J Dermatol 2015; 4:1-7. [DOI: 10.5314/wjd.v4.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper is in the same time an overview of the literature concerning the alterations of lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) of atopic dogs and a review of data based on our publications. Knowing the importance of the SC barrier function for against pathogens in atopic dermatitis, we show for the first time a detailed biochemical analysis of lipids corresponding to the same amount of proteins in the successive layers of canine SC taken using tape stripping and their specificity as compared to humans. Also we show new results concerning the changes in the composition for protein-bound ceramides, and for the other lipids in involved and non-involved skin areas in atopic dogs. We show how a topical or oral treatment can restore the SC lipid composition and reconstruct the barrier integrity by up-regulating the biosynthesis of protein-bound ceramides.
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50
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Kim JY, Lee OS, Ha S, Kim JH, Park G, Kim JK, Oh CH. In vivoassessment of the effect of taxifolin glycoside on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions using biomedical tools in NC/Nga mice. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:547-55. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Kim
- Research Institute for Skin Imaging; College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
- Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Science of Brain Korea 21; Korea Universitiy; Seoul Korea
| | - O. S. Lee
- Department of Radiological Science; College of Natural Science; Gimcheon University; Gyeongbuk Korea
| | - S. Ha
- Department of Nursing; School of Health; Chungbuk Health and Science University; Chungbuk Korea
| | - J. H. Kim
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - G. Park
- Research Institute for Skin Imaging; College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - J. K. Kim
- Medical Engineering R&D Center; ASAN Medical Center; Seoul Korea
| | - C. H. Oh
- Research Institute for Skin Imaging; College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
- Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Science of Brain Korea 21; Korea Universitiy; Seoul Korea
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
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