Mapping awareness and application of orthobiologics among orthopaedic professionals: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of survey participants (n = 1280)

Parameter	Category	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Age	< 30 years	539	42.1
	30–39 years	306	23.9
	≥ 40 years	435	34.0
Gender	Male	1230	96.1
	Female	50	3.9
Years of orthopaedic experience	< 5 years	617	48.2
	5–10 years	416	32.5
	> 10 years	247	19.3
Practice affiliation	Medical college	667	52.1
	Private hospital	485	37.9
	Others	128	10.0

Table 2 Regulatory knowledge gaps-Indian context vs international guidelines

Aspect	Indian clinician awareness (%)	International standard	Knowledge gap
PRP preparation protocols	48	ESSKA-ORBIT consensus available	High
Stem cell regulations	66	FDA/EMA guidelines established	Moderate
Quality control standards	32	ISO 13485 requirements	High
Patient selection criteria	45	Evidence-based algorithms	High

FDA: Food and Drug Administration; EMA: European Medicines Agency; ESSKA-ORBIT: European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy- ORthoBIologics InitiaTive; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.