Functional outcomes of radial head arthroplasty in Mason type III and IV fractures

Table 1 Distribution of demographic and study characteristics

	Category	n	%
Age (years)	21-30	5	19.23
	31-40	3	11.54
	41-50	5	19.23
	51-60	6	23.08
	> 60	7	26.92
	mean ± SD	49.08 ± 16.04
	Median (25th-75th percentile)	51 (32.5-61.5)
Gender	Female	14	53.85
	Male	12	46.15
Diagnosis	Type III	13	50
	Type IV	13	50
Approach	Kocher's	17	65.38
	Posterior	9	34.62

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of duration of surgery and blood loss

Variable	Duration of surgery (hours)	Blood loss (mL)
mean ± SD	2.05 ± 0.49	61.35 ± 35.6
Median (25th-75th percentile)	1.88 (1.667-2.458)	50 (30-75)
Range	1.33-3.17	30-150

Table 3 Functional outcomes at immediate post-operative, post-operative 3 months and 6 months

Parameter	Immediate post-operative	At 3 months	At 6 months	P value	Comparisons (P values)
Maximum elbow flexion (°)	114.23 ± 8.57 (100-130)	129.73 ± 7.05 (115-142)	131.31 ± 7.72 (110-142)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: 0.104
Elbow extension deficit (°)	68.15 ± 9.47 (45-82)	11 ± 10.25 (0-32)	6.5 ± 6.95 (0-24)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: 0.0003
Supination (°)	39.77 ± 9.61 (20-60)	71.38 ± 14.28 (30-92)	75.88 ± 12.68 (45-92)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: 0.0002
Pronation (°)	28.88 ± 6.9 (18-46)	70.69 ± 11.22 (44-90)	75.04 ± 9.57 (48-90)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: < 0.0001
Pain	Severe: 8 (30.77%), moderate: 14 (53.85%), mild: 4 (15.38%), none: 0 (0%)	Severe: 0 (0%), moderate: 0 (0%), mild: 6 (23.08%), none: 20 (76.92%)	Severe: 0 (0%), moderate: 0 (0%), mild: 4 (15.38%), none: 22 (84.62%)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: < 0.0001
Motion arc (°)	46.08 ± 16.9 (18-85)	118.73 ± 15.48 (88-142)	124.81 ± 13.04 (86-142)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: 0.0001
Stability	26 (100% stable)	26 (100% stable)	26 (100% stable)	Not applicable	No changes observed
Activities of daily living score	5.38 ± 4.88 (0-15)	23.27 ± 3.45 (15-25)	24.81 ± 0.98 (20-25)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: 0.683
Mayo elbow performance score	Poor: 22 (84.62%), fair: 4 (15.38%), good: 0, excellent: 0	Poor: 0 (0%), fair: 3 (11.54%), good: 10 (38.46%), excellent: 13 (50%)	Poor: 0 (0%), fair: 0 (0%), good: 4 (15.38%), excellent: 22 (84.62%)	< 0.0001	Immediate vs 3 months: < 0.0001; immediate vs 6 months: < 0.0001; 3 months vs 6 months: < 0.0001