Advancing global orthopedic research through culturally adapted outcome measures

doi:10.5312/wjo.v16.i12.111583

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Dec 18, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 17, 2025

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Orthop. Dec 18, 2025; 16(12): 111583
Published online Dec 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i12.111583

Table 1 Examples of culturally adapted patient-reported outcome measures in musculoskeletal and orthopedic research

Instrument	Target population	Adapted language(s)	Ref.
ODI	Low back pain	Mandarin, Arabic, Spanish, etc.	[8,13]
SF-36 health survey	General health	> 40 languages worldwide	[2,12]
KOOS/HOOS	Knee/hip disorders	Japanese, Turkish, Arabic, etc.	[20,21]
COMI	Low back pain	Arabic, German, Italian, etc.	[13]
PROMIS measures	Various conditions	Multiple languages through ICHOM	[22,23]

ODI: Oswestry disability index; SF-36: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; KOOS: Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; HOOS: Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; COMI: Core Outcome Measures Index; PROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; ICHOM: International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement.

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Citation: Peng Y, You QQ, Shu F, Zhang JQ. Advancing global orthopedic research through culturally adapted outcome measures. World J Orthop 2025; 16(12): 111583
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v16/i12/111583.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v16.i12.111583