One-year follow-up of conservative and surgical treatment results for patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis

doi:10.5312/wjo.v16.i12.109963

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical Trials Study

World J Orthop. Dec 18, 2025; 16(12): 109963
Published online Dec 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i12.109963

Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of study

		Min-max	Median	mean ± SD/n (%)
Age		55.0-83.0	65.0	65.3 ± 7.21
Sex	Female			25 (62.5)
Sex	Male			15 (37.5)
Occupation	Unemployed			33 (82.5)
Occupation	Active worker			7 (17.5)
Educational status	Uneducated			1 (2.5)
	Primary school			14 (35)
	Middle school			10 (25)
	High school			12 (30)
	University			3 (7.5)
Sensory loss	(-)			24 (60)
Sensory loss	(+)			16 (40)
Incontinence	(-)			27 (67.5)
Incontinence	(+)			13 (32.5)
Spinous process sensitivity	(-)			30 (75)
Spinous process sensitivity	(+)			10 (25)
Paravertebral muscle spasm	(-)			10 (25)
Paravertebral muscle spasm	(+)			30 (75)
Duration of pain		30.0-450.0	150.0	216.1 ± 139.0
Hand-ground distance		0.0-70.0	15.0	21.6 ± 20.9
Walking distance (m)		10.0-600.0	100.0	143.8 ± 164.5
Visual pain score during movement		5.0-10.0	8.0	8.1 ± 1.4
Visual pain score during resting		0.0-8.0	3.5	3.4 ± 2.1
Visual pain score during night		0.0-9.0	4.0	3.8 ± 2.8
ILBDI score		11.0-81.0	40.0	40.1 ± 15.7
NEADL score		12.0-56.0	31.5	33.4 ± 13.9
Symptom severity scale of SSS		12.0-32.0	20.0	21.0 ± 5.4
Physical function scale of SSS		5.0-90.0	10.0	14.5 ± 17.8

ILBDI: Istanbul Low Back Pain Disability Index; NEADL: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living; SSS: Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Comparison of demographic characteristics in two groups

		Surgery group		Conservative group		P value
		n (%)	Median	n (%)	Median	P value
Age (mean ± SD)		63.7 ± 6.80	63.5	67.1 ± 7.4	68.5	0.096¹
Sex	Female	12 (60.0)		13 (55.0)		0.074²
Sex	Male	8 (40.0)		7 (35.0)		0.074²
Occupation	Unemployed	15 (75.0)		18 (90.0)		0.212²
Occupation	Active worker	5 (25.0)		2 (10.0)		0.212²
Educational status
Uneducated		1 (5.0)		0 (0.0)		0.744²
Primary school		6 (30.0)		8 (40.0)
Middle school		5 (25.0)		5 (25.0)
High school		7 (35.0)		5 (25.0)
University		1 (5.0)		2 (10.0)
Incontinence	(-)	10 (50.0)		17 (85.0)		0.018²
Incontinence	(+)	10 (50.0)		3 (15.0)		0.018²
Spinous process sensitivity	(-)	13 (65.0)		17 (85.0)		0.144²
Spinous process sensitivity	(+)	7 (35.0)		3 (15.0)		0.144²
Paravertebral Muscle spasm	(-)	3 (15.0)		7 (35.0)		0.144²
Paravertebral Muscle spasm	(+)	17 (85.0)		13 (65.0)		0.144²
Duration of pain (mean ± SD)		194.0 ± 153.3	120.0	238.3 ± 123.1	200.0	0.179¹
Hand-ground distance (mean ± SD)		32.5 ± 21.9	30.0	10.8 ± 13.1	6.0	0.001¹

¹Mann-Whitney U test.

²χ² test.

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Table 3 Comparison of walking distance and pain levels pre-treatment and at post-treatment 1 month and 1 year

	Surgery group		Conservative group		P value
	mean ± SD	Median	mean ± SD	Median	P value
Walking distance (m)
Pre-treatment	132.5 ± 182.5	50.0	155.0 ± 148.3	100.0	0.173¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	241.8 ± 230.7	150.0	184.5 ± 135.4	150.0	0.743¹
Post treatment 1^st year	349.4 ± 259.8	200.0	255.3 ± 195.8	150.0	0.237¹
Change compared to pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	109.3 ± 149.4	50.0	29.5 ± 31.5	30.0	0.100¹
Intra-group change P value	0.001²		0.002²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	200.0 ± 213.1	100.0	99.4 ± 142.1	50.0	0.211¹
Intra-group change P value	0.001²		0.004²
Visual pain score during movement
Pre-treatment	8.0 ± 1.1	8.0	8.2 ± 1.6	8.0	0.628¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	5.8 ± 2.6	6.0	7.1 ± 1.5	7.0	0.116¹
Post treatment 1^st year	5.5 ± 2.6	6.0	6.6 ± 2.2	7.0	0.224¹
Change compared to pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	-2.2 ± 2.5	-1.5	-1.1 ± 1.2	-1.0	0.189¹
Intra-group change P value	0.00²		0.00²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	-2.5 ± 2.6	-2.0	-1.7 ± 1.7	-1.0	0.594¹
Intra-group change P value	0.003²		0.003²
Visual pain score during resting
Pre-treatment	3.0 ± 2.2	3.0	3.9 ± 2.0	4.0	0.185¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	1.3 ± 1.9	0.5	3.6 ± 2.5	3.5	0.009¹
Post treatment 1^st year	1.1 ± 1.7	0.0	2.6 ± 2.7	2.0	0.103¹
Change compared to pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	-1.7 ± 1.7	-2.0	-0.4 ± 0.9	0.0	0.012¹
Intra-group change P value	0.007²		0.083²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	-1.6 ± 1.7	-2.0	-1.4 ± 1.7	-1.0	0.899¹
Intra-group change P value	0.006²		0.00²
Visual pain score during night
Pre-treatment	3.6 ± 2.5	4.0	4.1 ± 3.0	3.0	0.623¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	2.1 ± 2.2	1.5	3.7 ± 3.3	3.0	0.132¹
Post treatment 1^st year	1.2 ± 1.7	0.0	3.2 ± 3.2	3.0	0.058¹
Change compared to pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	-1.5 ± 2.1	0.0	-0.5 ± 1.1	0.0	0.150¹
Intra-group change P value	0.011²		0.084²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	-1.9 ± 2.3	0.0	-1.2 ± 1.8	0.0	0.549¹
Intra-group change P value	0.001²		0.01²

¹Mann-Whitney U test, P ≤ 0.05.

²Wilcoxon test, P ≤ 0.05.

Full Size Table

Table 4 Comparison of the groups' functional and daily living activity levels

	Surgery group		Conservative group		P value
	mean ± SD	Median	mean ± SD	Median	P value
ILBDI score
Pre-treatment	43.4 ± 17.4	42	36.9 ± 13.5	38	0.379¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	34.8 ± 13.8	37.5	32.2 ± 13.5	34.5	0.401¹
Post treatment 1^st year	31.2 ± 12.2	30	31.4 ± 11.8	28	0.730¹
Change compared to Pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	-8.6 ± 11.4	-5.5	-4.7 ± 5.4	-2	0.429¹
Intra-group change P value	0.001²		0.000²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	-10.9 ± 12.6	-4	-4.2 ± 8.4	-3	0.156¹
Intra-group change P value	0.001²		0.075²
NEADL score
Pre-treatment	30.8 ± 14.1	25.5	36.0 ± 13.6	35	0.278¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	37.0 ± 14.2	38.5	41.4 ± 13.1	43	0.371¹
Post treatment 1^st year	39.2 ± 13.2	39	38.5 ± 13.1	37	0.796¹
Change compared to pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	6.2 ± 6.8	3	5.4 ± 7.7	2	0.566¹
Intra-group change P value	0.001²		0.004²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	8.2 ± 7.2	6	1.4 ± 7.8	1	0.019¹
Intra-group change P value	0.001²		0.457²
Symptom severity scale of SSS
Pre-treatment	22.0 ± 5.4	22	20.0 ± 5.4	20	0.238¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	17.3 ± 5.3	15.5	21.8 ± 6.6	21	0.018¹
Post treatment 1^st year	20.2 ± 5.7	20	10.6 ± 4.6	9	0.001¹
Change compared to pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	-4.7 ± 4.5	-4	1.7 ± 4.1	0	0.001¹
Intra-group change P value	0.000²		0.042²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	-1.5 ± 2.9	-1	-8.2 ± 4.2	-9	0.001¹
Intra-group change P value	0.063²		0.001²
Physical function scale of SSS
Pre-treatment	11.3 ± 3.2	11	10.7 ± 4.2	9	0.221¹
Post-treatment 1^st month	10.4 ± 5.3	10	8.4 ± 2.3	8	0.015¹
Post treatment 1^st year	10.8 ± 2.4	10	1.5 ± 3.3	0	0.001¹
Change compared to pre-treatment
Post-treatment 1^st month change	-0.8 ± 1.6	-1	-2.2 ± 3.2	-1.5	0.265¹
Intra-group change P value	0.054²		0.001²
Post-treatment 1^st year change	-0.4 ± 2.4	0	-9.3 ± 5.7	-8	0.001¹
Intra-group change P value	0.512²		0.000²

¹Mann-Whitney U test, P ≤ 0.05.

²Wilcoxon test, P ≤ 0.05.

ILBDI: Istanbul Low Back Pain Disability Index; NEADL: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living; SSS: Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire.

Full Size Table

Citation: Ayyildiz A, Yilmaz A, Erinç S, Aydin L, Ayyıldız H, Yilmaz F. One-year follow-up of conservative and surgical treatment results for patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis. World J Orthop 2025; 16(12): 109963
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v16/i12/109963.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v16.i12.109963