Automated decision support for Hallux Valgus treatment options using anteroposterior foot radiographs

Table 1 Demographics

	Age	Sex	Hallux valgus angle			Intermetatarsal angle
			All feet	Right feet	Left feet	All feet	Right feet	Left feet
Number of subjects	133	133, 16M (12%)/117F (88%)	265	133	132	265	133	132
Number of measurements	-	-	243	120	123	212	105	107
Range	23-81 yr	-	4-68°	4-68°	10-61°	4-26°	4-26°	7-22°
Average	55.8 yr	-	31.2°	31.3°	31.1°	13.8°	14°	13.7°

M: Male; F: Female; -: Not applicable.

Table 2 Correlation of hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and pre-operative surgical decisions between clinicians, and against artificial intelligence

	Hallux valgus angle correlation (ICC)	Intermetatarsal angle correlation (ICC)	Pre-operative surgical decisions correlation
R-OB	0.96	0.79	0.73 (61/84)
R-OA1	0.96	0.81	0.62 (52/84)
R-OA2	0.96	0.78	0.73 (61/84)
OB-OA1	0.96	0.91	0.75 (63/84)
OB-OA2	0.99	0.95	0.88 (74/84)
OA1-OA2	0.98	0.91	0.82 (69/84)
AI-OA2	0.97 (AA-ICC)	0.89 (AA-ICC)	0.80 (67/84)
	0.97 (C-ICC)	0.75 (C-ICC)

AI: Artificial intelligence; AA-ICC: Absolute agreement interclass correlation coefficient; C-ICC: Consistency interclass correlation coefficient; ICC: Interclass correlation coefficient; O_A1, O_A2, O_B: Orthopedic surgeons; R: Musculoskeletal radiologist.