Cephalomedullary fusion nails for treatment of infected stemmed revision total knee arthroplasty: Four case reports

Figure 1 Imaging results. A: Stitched anteroposterior images of the left femur, knee and tibia illustrating a well fixed, chronically infected left long stem revision total knee replacement; B: Post operative long standing bone alignment film illustrating the left cephalomedullary nail, healed femoral and tibial osteotomies as well as significant shortening of the left leg.

Figure 2 Intraoperative appearance and related surgical field manipulations of knee arthroplasty revision. A: Pre-operative appearance of the lower extremity, illustrating the previous anterior knee incisions; B: Long lateral incision through healthy tissue, followed by laterally based osteotomies of the distal femur and proximal tibia to expose the revision stems; C: Use of a metal cutting bur (Metal cutting heliocoidal rasp, Stryker instruments, Portage, MI, United States) to aid use exposure and stem removal; D: Appearance of the femoral and tibial osteotomies after stem removal.