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World J Orthop. Oct 18, 2025; 16(10): 110009
Published online Oct 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i10.110009
Figure 1
Figure 1 Summary of the most important information on the use of nanotechnology-based transporters in the treatment of postoperative pain in orthopedic surgery. ACB: Adductor canal block; THA: Total hip arthroplasty; TKA: Total knee arthroplasty; EREM: Extended-release epidural morphine; NRS: Numeric rating scale; PR: Prolonged release; HCl: Hydrochloride.
Figure 2
Figure 2  Schematic representation of the NeuroCuple™ device/patch.
Figure 3
Figure 3  Peripheral mechanism of action of the NeuroCuple™ device.
Figure 4
Figure 4  Kailo Pain Patch (Sandy, UT, United States).