Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Orthop. Jun 18, 2025; 16(6): 103832
Published online Jun 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i6.103832
Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of hallux valgus interphalangeus using anteroposterior foot radiographs
Konrad Kwolek, Artur Gądek, Kamil Kwolek, Agnieszka Lechowska-Liszka, Michał Malczak, Henryk Liszka
Konrad Kwolek, Michał Malczak, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital, Kraków 30-688, Małopolska, Poland
Artur Gądek, Henryk Liszka, Department of Orthopedics and Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków 30-688, Małopolska, Poland
Kamil Kwolek, Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Professor Adam Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Otwock 05-400, Poland
Agnieszka Lechowska-Liszka, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Kraków 31-571, Małopolska, Poland
Author contributions: Kwolek K and Kwolek K elaborated analytic tools; Kwolek K, Kwolek K, Malczak M, and Liszka H wrote the paper; Kwolek K, Kwolek K, and Liszka H designed research and performed research; Kwolek K, Gądek A, Kwolek K, Lechowska-Liszka A, Malczak M, and Liszka H analyzed data; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Institutional review board statement: This study protocol was reviewed and approved by authors’ institution.
Informed consent statement: The informed consent statement has been provided.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Henryk Liszka, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Orthopedics and Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków 30-688, Małopolska, Poland. liszkah@gmail.com
Received: December 2, 2024
Revised: March 13, 2025
Accepted: May 13, 2025
Published online: June 18, 2025
Processing time: 198 Days and 11.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: This study presents an automated method for evaluating hallux interphalangeus angle using high-resolution, weight-bearing anteroposterior foot radiographs. Reference points are identified based on defined criteria applied to the automatically segmented bones of the hallux. Despite the anatomical complexity of the distal phalanx, the proposed technique reliably calculates the interphalangeal angle. Experimental findings show high consistency between the algorithm's measurements and those performed by clinicians.