Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Orthop. Jan 18, 2022; 13(1): 36-57
Published online Jan 18, 2022. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i1.36
Management of proximal biceps tendon pathology
Simon P Lalehzarian, Avinesh Agarwalla, Joseph N Liu
Simon P Lalehzarian, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
Avinesh Agarwalla, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
Joseph N Liu, USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
Author contributions: Lalehzarian SP wrote the article, critically revised the article, and participated in the final approval of the version to be published; Agarwalla A critically revised the article and participated in the final approval of the version to be published; Liu JN designed the work, critically revised the article, and was responsible for final approval of the version to be published; All authors made significant contributions toward the preparation of this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Simon P Lalehzarian, Avinesh Agarwalla, and Joseph N Liu have no conflicts of interest to report.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Joseph N Liu, MD, Assistant Professor, USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, 1520 San Pablo St #2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States. joseph.liu@med.usc.edu
Received: April 28, 2021
Peer-review started: April 28, 2021
First decision: July 28, 2021
Revised: August 10, 2021
Accepted: December 25, 2021
Article in press: December 25, 2021
Published online: January 18, 2022
Processing time: 264 Days and 3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Management of proximal pathologies involving the long head of the biceps tendon is evolving. While biceps tenotomy, biceps tenodesis, and superior labrum anterior to posterior repair can be used to treat these pathologic injuries, no consensus exists with regard to which procedure is best. This clinical review provides a current understanding of the long head of the biceps tendon anatomy and its surrounding structures, function, and relevant clinical information such as evaluation, treatment options, and complications in hopes of helping orthopaedic surgeons counsel their patients.