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World J Orthop. Jan 18, 2014; 5(1): 23-29
Published online Jan 18, 2014. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i1.23
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction best practice: A review of graft choice
Daniel A Shaerf, Philip S Pastides, Khaled M Sarraf, Charles A Willis-Owen
Daniel A Shaerf, Philip S Pastides, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom
Khaled M Sarraf, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Barnet General Hospital, Wellhouse Lane, Barnet EN5 3DJ, United Kingdom
Charles A Willis-Owen, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woolwich, London SE18 4QH, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Shaerf DA and Pastides PS wrote the article; Sarraf KM reviewed and edited the manuscript; and Willis-Owen CA had the original idea and edited the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Philip S Pastides, PhD, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom. ppastides@hotmail.com
Telephone: +44-20-88366000 Fax: +44-20-88365819
Received: June 17, 2013
Revised: September 30, 2013
Accepted: October 19, 2013
Published online: January 18, 2014
Processing time: 217 Days and 8 Hours
Abstract

There is much literature about differing grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Much of this is of poor quality and of a low evidence base. We review and summarise the literature looking at the four main classes of grafts used in ACL reconstruction; bone-patella tendon-bone, hamstrings, allograft and synthetic grafts. Each graft has the evidence for its use reviewed and then compared, where possible, to the others. We conclude that although there is no clear “best” graft, there are clear differences between the differing graft choices. Surgeon’s need to be aware of the evidence behind these differences, in order to have appropriate discussions with their patients, so as to come to an informed choice of graft type to best suit each individual patient and their requirements.

Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Reconstruction; Hamstring; Patella tendon; Allograft; Autograft; Synthetic; Bone-patella tendon-bone

Core tip: There is no “ideal” graft to be used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery and each of the four major graft choices has its advantages and disadvantages. Success or failure of the procedure depends heavily on surgical technique. Surgeons should be aware of the evidence behind the use of each graft and thus be able to make an informed decision of its appropriateness.