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World J Orthop. Jan 18, 2020; 11(1): 1-9
Published online Jan 18, 2020. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v11.i1.1
Patents and intellectual property in orthopaedics and arthroplasty
Chika Edward Uzoigwe, Ahmed Shoaib
Chika Edward Uzoigwe, Department of Medicine, Harcourt House, Sheffield S10 1DG, United Kingdom
Ahmed Shoaib, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield HD3 3EA, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Uzoigwe CE was responsible for idea and writing; Shoaib A was responsible for the idea, analysis and review.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Chika Edward Uzoigwe, MBChB, MRCP, Doctor, Department of Medicine, Harcourt House, 8 Harcourt Crescent, Sheffield S10 1DG, United Kingdom. chika@doctors.org.uk
Received: November 3, 2018
Peer-review started: November 5, 2018
First decision: January 11, 2019
Revised: May 23, 2019
Accepted: November 6, 2019
Article in press: November 6, 2019
Published online: January 18, 2020
Processing time: 434 Days and 16.1 Hours
Abstract

The provision of musculoskeletal services comes at a cost. This is, in part, due to the expense of patent-protected orthopaedic implants. However, patents have a finite lifespan. Patents of the most successful implants are now beginning to expire. They will be exposed to competition from generic but equivalent implants. The net effect is potentially a dramatic diminution in cost. One company, Orthimo, has taken advantage of this and begun manufacturing generic implants with identical design specifications to the most bio-durable hip prostheses. This will ultimately have a radical impact upon musculoskeletal healthcare provision with regard to cost and accessibility. The expiration of drug patents, with the subsequent use of generic drugs saves £7.1 billion annually in the United Kingdom and $254 billion in the USA. Estimates suggest the introduction of equivalent implants could result in an annual cost saving to the United Kingdom National Health Service of £120 million. Intellectual property remains an enigmatic area of law. It encompasses anodyne principles that seek to protect innovation but are open to manipulation and exploitation. The last decade has seen the emergence of undesirable practices in the medical industry such as "patent trolling". Here we explore patents and their repercussions for musculoskeletal care.

Keywords: Patent; Arthroplasty; Patent trolling; Implant approval; Intellectual property; Health care costs

Core tip: Patents for the most successful orthopaedic implants are due to expire. This provides a novel opportunity to transform healthcare and the accessibility of arthroplasty devices.