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Hagen M, Vanrenterghem J, Van den Borne Y, Diaz MA, Verschueren S, Robinson MA, Smeets A. Hamstrings and Quadriceps Weaknesses Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Persist Up to 6 Months After Return-to-Sport: An Angle-specific Strength Analysis. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2025; 20:176-188. [PMID: 39906053 PMCID: PMC11788092 DOI: 10.26603/001c.128505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstrings and quadriceps strength recovery and restoration of the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (H/Q ratio) is a major concern after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Recently, moment-angle profiles and angle-specific H/Q ratios are receiving increasing interest. PURPOSE The first objective of this study was to investigate moment-angle profiles and angle-specific H/Q ratio profiles in athletes with ACLR at the time of RTS. The second objective of this study was to assess whether strength asymmetries identified at the time of RTS, persist after six months. STUDY DESIGN Case-Control study. METHODS Twenty athletes who had undergone ACLR performed isokinetic strength tests for concentric knee flexion and extension (60°/s) at RTS, and three and six months later. Twenty controls were tested once. T-tests were used to compare strength differences between 1) ACLR athletes and controls and 2) the injured and uninjured leg of the ACLR athletes. Finally, to assess strength deficits over time, two-way ANOVAs were used. RESULTS Angle-specific analyses and peak moments showed lower hamstrings strength in the injured leg of ACLR athletes compared to their uninjured leg at RTS. Furthermore, angle-specific analyses showed a lower hamstrings strength and H/Q ratio in the injured leg compared to controls at larger knee flexion angles. The latter deficit was not identified with a peak-based analysis. The asymmetries identified at RTS did not change over the six months following RTS. CONCLUSIONS Athletes with ACLR show strength deficits and asymmetries that persist even six months after RTS. As some asymmetries may go undetected by peak-based analyses, angle-specific analyses are recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark A. Robinson
- School of Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores University
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Garza-Borjón AE, González-González M, de la Garza-Salazar JF, Simental-Mendía M, Acosta-Olivo C. Miodynamic and Radiographic Evaluation in Recreative Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1860. [PMID: 39597045 PMCID: PMC11596467 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is frequent in the young and active population. The effect of muscle strength in the lower extremities after aerobic activity in patients with this condition has yet to be detailed. Our objective was to determine if patients with PFP show alterations in lower extremity muscle strength measurements after performing a session of ten minutes of aerobic activity on a treadmill compared to people without patellofemoral pain. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective experimental study with a stratified, non-randomized, and non-blinded population sample with group matching, including an experimental group with PFP and a control group with no pain. Subjects completed self-reported functional questionnaires (IKDC, Kujala, KOOS, SF-12), underwent radiographic studies, and were evaluated by measuring the strength of hip and knee muscles and the Single-Leg Triple-Hop (SLTH) test before and after ten minutes of exercise on a treadmill. Results: Seventeen subjects diagnosed with PFP and seventeen control subjects were evaluated. Both groups were homogeneous and had no significant differences in the demographic variables. A wider sulcus angle at 30° (136.8 ± 3.8° vs. 132.5 ± 5.6°, p = 0.0140), a decrease strength post-exercise in the hip abductor (37.9 ± 7.1 N⋅m vs. 45.6 ± 7.7 N⋅m, p < 0.05) and knee extensor (36.0 ± 9.1 N⋅m vs. 47.7 ± 14.0 N⋅m, p < 0.05), and a shorter distance in the SLTH test (337.9 ± 74.9 cm vs. 438.6 ± 65.8 cm, p < 0.01) was recorded in subjects with patellofemoral pain. Conclusions: Subjects with PFP had an overall lower strength of hip and knee muscles, showing significant differences in the hip abductors and knee extensors between people with PFP and healthy matched controls after aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiel Eugenio Garza-Borjón
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.E.G.-B.); (M.G.-G.)
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tecnológico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66278, Mexico
| | - Mirna González-González
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.E.G.-B.); (M.G.-G.)
| | | | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Acosta-Olivo
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tecnológico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66278, Mexico
- Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico;
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Followay BN, Reierson HA, Rigden EM. Sex Differences and Physical Activity Status on the Hamstring: Quadriceps Ratio, Activities of Daily Living, and Functional Movement in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:1228-1243. [PMID: 38288070 PMCID: PMC10824300 DOI: 10.70252/tbbq1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate sex differences and the effect of physical activity on the hamstring:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio, activities of daily living (ADLs), and the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in older adults. Thirty older adults (72.56 + 6.22) completed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), ADLs, the FMS, and three closed-kinetic chain exercises (CKCs); front lunge (FL), side lunge (SL), and bilateral squat (BLSQ). Electromyography was recorded from the biceps femoris (BF) and vastus lateralis (VL) on the dominant and non-dominant limbs during the MVICs and CKCs. Raw EMG recordings were normalized to MVICs and analyzed for root mean square (RMS). The H:Q ratio was calculated using RMS as BF/VL. It was determined that males had significantly higher H:Q ratios during the FL (p = 0.002), SL (p = 0.012) and BLSQ (p = 0.023), as well as higher RMS of the BF during the FL (p = 0.031), SL (p = 0.01), and BLSQ (p = 0.042). Females scored higher on the ADLs and FMS. A significant positive correlation was observed between ADLs and RMS of the VL (p < 0.05, r > 0.40), whereas a negative correlation was observed between ADLs and RMS of the BF (p < 0.05, r < -0.5). The results suggest that males may activate their hamstrings more effectively than females and that females may tend to remain quadriceps dominant. High motor unit recruitment of the hamstring muscles may coincide with reduced functional ability, whereas high motor unit recruitment of the quadriceps may coincide with enhanced functional ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily M Rigden
- Department of Exercise Science, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, USA
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Mandroukas A, Michailidis Y, Metaxas T. Muscle Strength and Hamstrings to Quadriceps Ratio in Young Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:70. [PMID: 37367234 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine and compare the concentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors muscles, as well as their ratio, in young soccer players. Two hundred and sixty-five (n = 265) young soccer players were divided into five groups: U-12 (n = 43, mean age 11.5 ± 0.4 yrs), U-14 (n = 63, mean age 13.6 ± 0.3 yrs), U-16 (n = 64, mean age 15.4 ± 0.5 yrs), U-18 (n = 53, mean age 17.5 ± 0.4 yrs) and U-20 (n = 42, mean age 19.3 ± 0.6 yrs). Three maximal voluntary isokinetic leg extensions and flexions at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 300°·s-1, and H:Q strength ratio was determined. The largest H:Q strength ratio for all ages, with the exception of age group U-12, appears at a slow angular velocity of 60°·s-1, and the smallest H:Q ratio at a fast angular velocity of 300°·s-1. In age group U-12, at an angular velocity of 60°·s-1, the strength of the quadriceps muscle was almost twice the strength of the hamstrings. The H:Q strength ratio was smaller in age group U-12 and greater in group U-20. In age group U-12, the greatest H:Q strength ratio appeared at an angular velocity of 180°·s-1, while in the other age groups, it appeared at 60°·s-1. Strength training of hamstring muscles remains inadequate across ages. The small H:Q strength ratio in younger ages and the large H:Q ratio in older ages suggest that high-intensity training may increase the H:Q strength ratio, which, in turn, may protect the knee joint from excessive and burdensome loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Mandroukas
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yiannis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Metaxas
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Gerodimos V, Karatrantou K, Batatolis C, Ioakimidis P. Sport-Related Effect on Knee Strength Profile during Puberty: Basketball vs. Soccer. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:57. [PMID: 37218853 PMCID: PMC10204367 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined and compared the isokinetic peak torque and the reciprocal ratios of the knee joint between young basketball and soccer players. An amount of 100 soccer and 100 basketball players took part in this study and were separated into five equal groups (n = 20), according to their chronological age (12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 years old). The absolute concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles (at 60°/s, 180°/s) were assessed using a Cybex Norm dynamometer, and the relative peak torque (per unit of body mass), as well as the conventional (CON/CON; ECC/ECC) and functional (CON/ECC; ECC/CON) ratios, were calculated. Data analysis indicated that the basketball players had higher absolute peak torque values than the soccer players throughout their developmental ages (p < 0.05). When the isokinetic peak torque values were normalized relative to body mass, no differences were observed between basketball and soccer players in any age group (p > 0.05). Additionally, no differences were observed in conventional and functional ratios between soccer and basketball players (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it appears that, during developmental ages (12-16 years old), the isokinetic strength profile (independent of body mass affecting absolute values) of knee extensor and flexor muscles develops similarly in basketball and soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
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Kyselovičová O, Zemková E, Péliová K, Matejová L. Isokinetic leg muscle strength relationship to dynamic balance reflects gymnast-specific differences in adolescent females. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1084019. [PMID: 36699678 PMCID: PMC9868603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Balance, together with other motor qualities, plays an important role in the successful execution of specific gymnastic skills. However, it is also not clear whether different demands on dynamic balance and power produced by lower limb can be observed in sport-specific differences among gymnasts of various modalities. The question also is as to what extent isokinetic leg muscle strength contributes to anterior and posterior postural stability in gymnasts. Therefore, the aim of the study was i) to compare variables of dynamic balance and isokinetic leg muscle strength in rhythmic, artistic, and aerobic gymnasts, and ii) to investigate the relationship of reach distances in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions, as well as the composite score in the Y-balance test with an isokinetic muscle strength during knee extension and flexion at different velocities in female gymnasts of various disciplines. Altogether seven aerobic, five artistic, and six rhythmic gymnasts performed the Y-balance test and isokinetic leg muscle strength test at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s. Results showed significant between-group differences in the composite score in the Y-balance test of the dominant (F = 3.536, p = .041) and non-dominant symmetry (F = 4.804, p = .015). Similarly, average power produced during knee extension and knee flexion at 60°/s, 180°/s and 300°/s differed significantly among these groups (all at p˂0.05). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the composite score of the dominant limb symmetry and isokinetic dominant limb extension strength at 60°/s (r = .54), 180°/s (r = .87), and 300°/s (r = .84) in aerobic gymnasts. The composite score of the dominant limb symmetry was also associated with isokinetic dominant limb extension strength, albeit only at 60°/s in both artistic (r = .60) and rhythmic gymnasts (r = .55). Such between-group differences may be ascribed to their different demands on maintenance of balance under dynamic conditions and leg muscle power within their sport specializations. Taking into account significant association between the dominant limb symmetry and isokinetic dominant limb extension strength, it may be concluded that both muscle strength and fast speeds contribute to dynamic balance in adolescent gymnasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oľga Kyselovičová
- Department of Gymnastics, Dance, Fitness & Combat Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia,*Correspondence: Oľga Kyselovičová,
| | - Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia,Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Péliová
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Economics Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Matejová
- Department of Sports Diagnostics and Physiotherapy, National Sport Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
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The investigation of isokinetic knee strength and injury risks of taekwondo and wrestling athletes. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.1191224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taekwondo and wrestling are two different Olympic combat sports that need lower extremity strength in different ways. During the training process that lasts for many years, the harmony in the leg muscles may be dissimilar. This study aims to determine (1) the extension and flexion strength values of elite taekwondo and wrestling athletes with similar physical and demographic characteristics and (2) the muscle balances formed after long-term taekwondo and wrestling training. This study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 20 elite taekwondo and wrestling athletes (Avg. age 20.4±1.27 years; experience: 10.6±1.98 years; height 176.65±5.86 cm; weight 72.96±6, 96 kg; BMI 23.35±1.47 kg/m2). Following the determination of the demographic and physical characteristics of the athletes, their isokinetic knee strengths were examined at an angular velocity of 600/s and compared between branches. Accordingly, the differences between the relative and average peak torque strengths of the athletes were significant in favour of the taekwondo players in the extension strength; On the other hand, the hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios of the taekwondo athletes were lower (p0.05). The study results showed that taekwondo players have higher extensor strength; Thus, extended taekwondo training allows more balanced hamstring/quadriceps muscle harmony than wrestling. Eventually, long-term wrestling training can cause muscle imbalances and injuries in athletes.
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Knee Isokinetic Profiles and Reference Values of Professional Female Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10120204. [PMID: 36548501 PMCID: PMC9781290 DOI: 10.3390/sports10120204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have previously evaluated isokinetic parameters in female soccer players in comparison to those in males. The aim of this study was to describe normative quadriceps (Q) and hamstring (H) muscle strength values in professional female soccer players and to examine differences between dominant leg (DL) and nondominant leg (NDL). A standardized test protocol of concentric knee extension and flexion test protocol was conducted using the dynamometer isokinetic system (IsoMEd 2000). All the participants were healthy female professional soccer players from Spanish first and second division teams. Players were assessed for peak torque (PT) and maximum work (MW) values at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s. The mean difference was 7.17 (p-value = 0.0036), 4.4 (p-value = 0.0386), and 4.25 Nm (p-value = 0.0241) at speed 60°, 180°, and 240°/s, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected for H-Q values between DL and NDL. This difference was 6.44 (p-value = 0.0449), and 5.87 J (p-value = 0.0266) at speed 60°, and 180°/s. The present study can be a tool that health professionals working with female professional soccer players in their care can use to assess and monitor a particular player.
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Abad CCC, Lopes MWR, Lara JPR, Oliveira AJS, da Silva RPC, Facin EA, Izar AJ, Teixeira FG. Long-Term Changes in Vertical Jump, H:Q Ratio and Interlimb Asymmetries in Young Female Volleyball Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16420. [PMID: 36554299 PMCID: PMC9778845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the changes that occurred in vertical jump and isokinetic dynamometer (ISK) performances at the beginning of a preparatory period (PRE) and at the start of the competitive period (POST). Sixteen U-17 elite female volleyball players, from a national level (15.34 ± 1.19 years; 66.35 ± 7.95 kg; 169.22 ± 24.79 cm), performed bilateral squat jump (SJ), bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) and unilateral ISK tests for knee flexors (Fl) and extensors (Ex) both at 60°/s and at 300°/s. Peak torque (PT) and the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio were assessed by concentric actions. Asymmetries were calculated by the percentage differences between dominant (DOM) and nondominant legs (NDOM). The paired Student's t-test was used for comparisons at a level of significance of 5%. The effect size was also calculated. A significant increase was found for both SJ (15%; p = 0.004; ES = 0.82) and CMJ (12%; p = 0.017; ES = 0.62). The PT of NDOM flexors at 60°/s was significantly lower than DOM both at PRE (4.6%; p = 0.048; ES = -0.22) and POST (6.3%; p = 0.037; ES = -0.33). The NDOM extensors at 60°/s had a significantly lower PT than DOM at POST (7.0%; p = 0.048; ES = -0.23). Both DOM and NDOM flexors at 60°/s had a PT enhancement at POST related to PRE (6.7%; p = 0.031; ES = 0.51 and 5.6%; p = 0.037; ES = 0.48, respectively). The PT of NDOM extensors at 300°/s increased at POST in comparison to PRE (7.9%; p = 0.038; ES = 0.27). The NDOM at 300°/s had a H:Q ratio higher than DOM both in PRE and POST (8.6%; p = 0.041; ES = 0.37 and 11.6%; p = 0.013; ES = 0.71, respectively), and the highest H:Q ratios were lower than the reference values (<80%). The asymmetry of the unilateral CMJ was higher at POST than at PRE (102%; p = 0.03; ES = 0.81). The PT for the flexors at 300°/s and the H:Q ratio at POST exceeded 10%. In conclusion, a training program of 15 weeks increased the neuromuscular performance of young volleyball athletes, but many H:Q ratios and asymmetries remained out of the normal recommendation. Volleyball professionals should carefully apply an adequate training program to enhance physical fitness performance without increasing the risk of lower limb injuries concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad
- Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, São Paulo 05574-001, Brazil
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Lutz FD, Cleary CJ, Moffatt HM, Sullivan VE, LaRoche DP, Cook SB. Comparison of the H:Q Ratio Between the Dominant and Nondominant Legs of Soccer Players: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Health 2022:19417381221095096. [PMID: 35619586 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221095096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Soccer players often have a dominant (D) leg, which could influence the relative strength between the quadriceps and hamstrings. The hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio can be assessed on a dynamometer at various velocities to provide information on injury risk. OBJECTIVE To assess the concentric hamstrings and concentric quadriceps strength ratio (conventional H:Q ratio) assessed in D and nondominant (ND) legs at various speeds in male soccer players. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was completed from inception to 2020 in PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. STUDY SELECTION Keywords associated with the H:Q ratio were connected with terms for soccer players. Titles and abstracts were screened by 2 reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria related to sex, playing level, language, and measurement. A total of 81 studies were reviewed and 17 studies (21%) were used. STUDY DESIGN A meta-analysis with random effects modeling generated standardized mean differences with 95% CIs between legs and speeds. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 38 cohorts were identified, with 14, 13, and 11 cohorts assessed at low, intermediate, and high velocities, respectively. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies from the National Institutes of Health was used. RESULTS The mean H:Q ratio at low velocities was 59.8 ± 9.5% in D leg and 58.6 ± 9.9% in ND leg, 64.2 ± 10.7% (D) and 63.6 ± 11.3% (ND) at the intermediate velocity, and 71.9 ± 12.7% (D) and 72.8 ± 12.7% (ND) at the high velocity. Low, intermediate, and high velocities had small effects of 0.13, 0.10, and -0.06, respectively. CONCLUSION Conventional H:Q ratios vary across velocities but did not differ between D and ND limbs in male soccer players. This study may provide the foundation to establish norms and clinically meaningful differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian D Lutz
- Robert Kertzer Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Christopher J Cleary
- Robert Kertzer Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Hannah M Moffatt
- Robert Kertzer Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Violet E Sullivan
- Robert Kertzer Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Dain P LaRoche
- Robert Kertzer Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Summer B Cook
- Robert Kertzer Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
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Effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment of the pivots on lower limb function in young professional football players. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 32:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Harbili S, Harbili E, Aslankeser Z. Comparison of bilateral isokinetic and isometric strength differences in elite young male and female taekwondo athletes. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:117-122. [PMID: 35582688 PMCID: PMC9081412 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244122.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Definition of strength imbalance between legs and muscles does not only play a decisive role for higher performance but also prevents sport injury. The purpose of this study was to determine bilateral differences on isokinetic and isometric strength of knee extensor and flexor muscles in male and female elite young taekwondo athletes. Ten male (age: 19.40±0.84 years) and female (age: 18.24±1.42 years) taekwondo athletes of the Turkish national team between 17–20-year of age participated in the study. Concentric peak torque of hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) of the dominant (D) and nondominant leg (ND) was evaluated using isokinetic machine (Cybex Humac Norm) at 60° and 180°/sec. Isometric peak torque of both legs was determined at 60°. Significant differences were found between genders (P<0.05). Concentric and isometric knee strength was significantly greater in male than that of female (P< 0.05). Although no significant bilateral strength difference was found in both sexes in concentric and isometric strength (P>0.05), and isometric H strength was in favor of the dominant leg 15% for men athletes and 11% for women. H/Q ratio was similar between gender and legs. The study revealed no bilateral knee strength asymmetry in both male and female taekwondo athletes. However, male had 20%–30% higher isometric and concentric knee extensor and flexor strength than female in both legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Harbili
- Corresponding author: Sultan Harbili, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, Selçuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey,
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van Melick N, van der Weegen W, van der Horst N. Quadriceps and Hamstrings Strength Reference Values for Athletes With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Who Play Popular Pivoting Sports, Including Soccer, Basketball, and Handball: A Scoping Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:142-155. [PMID: 34972481 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize and present reference values for quadriceps and hamstrings strength tests in healthy athletes who play pivoting sports and in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) who play pivoting sports. DESIGN Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science up to January 26, 2021. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included reference values in 2 different categories: (1) quadriceps and hamstrings strength test outcomes in healthy pivoting-sport athletes, and (2) quadriceps and hamstrings strength test outcomes in pivoting-sport athletes with ACLR at a specific time point during rehabilitation. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed a qualitative synthesis for reference values from isokinetic (at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s) and isometric quadriceps and hamstrings strength tests. We summarized the data for type of sport, sex, sport participation level, and age group. RESULTS Of the 42 included studies, 26 reported reference values from healthy soccer players, 4 from healthy basketball players, 4 from healthy handball players, and 11 from other healthy pivoting-sport athletes. The limb symmetry index dominant/nondominant limb (LSI-D/ND) ranged from 98% to 114% for healthy athletes. Six studies reported reference values in pivoting-sport athletes with ACLR at a specific time point during rehabilitation. After 7 months, strength values for athletes with ACLR were comparable to those of healthy pivoting-sport athletes. CONCLUSION This scoping review summarizes quadriceps and hamstrings strength reference values for athletes who play the most common pivoting sports, including soccer, basketball, and handball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(3):142-155. Epub 31 Dec 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10693.
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Barreto RV, Assumpção CO, Bassan NDM, Cardozo AC, Greco CC, Denadai BS, Pinto RS, Lima LCR. Lateral and functional asymmetries in the lower limbs of college-level female handball players. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420210013221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Effects of Limb Dominance on Postural Balance in Sportsmen Practicing Symmetric and Asymmetric Sports: A Pilot Study. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current literature shows no consensus regarding the difference between the dominant leg (D-Leg) and the non-dominant leg (ND-Leg) in terms of postural control. This lack of consensus could stem from motor experience (i.e., symmetric or asymmetric motricity) and/or the physiological state induced by physical exercise. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of fatiguing exercise on postural control when standing on the D-Leg and the ND-Leg, in athletes practicing symmetric (SYM) and asymmetric (ASYM) sports. Thirty healthy male participants were recruited and divided into two groups, (SYM n = 15) and (ASYM n = 15, on the basis of the motricity induced by the sport they practice. Monopedal postural control was assessed for the D-Leg and the ND-Leg before and after the fatigue period (which consisted of repeating squats until exhaustion). A force platform was used to calculate the spatio-temporal characteristics of the displacements of the center of foot pressure (COP). A significant fatigue effect was observed in both groups on the D-Leg and the ND-Leg for all the COP parameters. There was a tendency (p = 0.06) between the ASYM and SYM groups on the D-Leg, concerning the relative increase in the COP velocity in the frontal plane after the fatigue period. The fatigue condition disturbed postural control in both the SYM and ASYM groups on the D-Leg and ND-Leg. This disturbing effect related to fatigue tends to be more marked in athletes practicing asymmetric sports than in athletes practicing symmetric sports on the D-Leg.
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Andrade MS, Silva WA, de Lira CAB, Mascarin NC, Vancini RL, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Isokinetic Muscular Strength and Aerobic Physical Fitness in Recreational Long-Distance Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:e73-e80. [PMID: 34115698 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Andrade, MS, Silva, WA, de Lira, CAB, Mascarin, NC, Vancini, RL, Nikolaidis, PT, and Knechtle, B. Isokinetic muscular strength and aerobic physical fitness in recreational long-distance runners: A cross-sectional study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Muscular strength, bilateral asymmetry, and imbalance between antagonist muscles have been considered as risk factors for knee injuries. Moreover, muscular strength has also been associated with aerobic performance. The aim of the study was to investigate bilateral muscular symmetry and muscular strength balance assessed by isokinetic dynamometry in recreational long-distance runners and to verify whether knee muscular strength would be associated with maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), anaerobic threshold (AT), and running economy (RE). Thirty-nine runners (male [n = 24]: age, 30 ± 8 years; height, 176.0 ± 7.3 cm; body mass, 70.3 ± 8.0 kg; race pace below 4:30 min·km-1 and female [n = 15]: age, 31 ± 7 years; height, 163.0 ± 3.8 cm; body mass, 55.9 ± 4.7 kg; race pace below 5:00 min·km-1) participated in this study. Comparing the conventional knee balance ratio with the literature recommendation (60%), male runners presented significantly lower values for the nondominant side (55.5 ± 7.3%; p = 0.001; d = 0.85; confidence interval [CI] = 0.47 to 1.20) but not for the dominant side (58.1 ± 6.8%; p = 0.208; d = 0.37; CI = -0.12 to 0.86). Female runners presented lower values for both sides (52.1 ± 7.1%; p = 0.001; d = 1.55; CI = 0.86 to 2.20 and 50.7 ± 8.0%; p = 0.001; d = 1.62; CI = 0.90 to 2.30 for dominant and nondominant sides, respectively). Female and male runners presented nonfunctional ratio imbalance and asymmetry of bilateral strength. Strength outcomes were not associated with V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, AT, or RE. In conclusion, recreational runners were characterized by an imbalance in muscular strength between knee flexor and extensor muscles, which was more obvious in female runners, and by symmetrical thigh muscle strength values. Moreover, muscular isokinetic knee flexor and extensor muscle strength was not associated with aerobic fitness parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia S Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sa∼Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Human Physiology and Exercise Sector, Human Movement Assessment Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goia's, Goiânia, Brazil; Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece; Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich; and Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Volleyball Players: Differences between Testing Approaches and Association with Performance. J Sports Sci Med 2020; 19:745-752. [PMID: 33239949 PMCID: PMC7675626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the prevalence of inter-limb asymmetries in young volleyball players and assessed the differences in the outcomes of different strength and power tests. The study sample comprised of 54 young volleyball players (25 males). Both limbs were tested for single-leg jumping for distance (forward and lateral single jump and triple jump forward for distance), single-leg vertical counter-movement jump (CMJ), change-of-direction (CoD) ability with 90 and 180° turn tests, unilateral maximal isometric knee extension torque, rate of torque development (RTD), and rate of torque development scaling factor (RTD-SF). For all tests, inter-limb asymmetry indexes were calculated. The average magnitude of the inter-limb asymmetries varied substantially (2.0-31.2 %) among different outcome measures. The agreement in the categorization of participants into ''symmetrical'' or ''asymmetrical'', based on the >10% threshold, was very poor in general, with the exception of the outcomes within the same task (e.g. CMJ power and CMJ force). Similar findings were found for the agreement on the direction of the asymmetries. Inter-limb asymmetry in RTD-SF was weakly associated with the CoD performance (r = 0.30; p = 0.031). Multiple strength and power testing protocols are needed to obtain a comprehensive overview of athlete's imbalances. The commonly accepted 10 % threshold for classification of individuals as asymmetrical should be reconsidered and reinvestigated. RFD-SF is suggested as a novel outcome measure that can provide additional information to researchers and coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- InnoRenew CoE, Human Health Department Izola, Slovenia
- S2P, Science to practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Umutlu G, Demirci N, Acar NE. Training-induced changes in muscle contraction patterns enhance exercise performance after short-term neuromuscular electrical stimulation. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-202111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a complementary tool for therapeutic exercise for muscle strengthening and may potentially enhance exercise performance. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous aerobic training (CA) coupled with NMES enhance the changes in the eccentric/concentric muscle contraction patterns of hamstring and quadriceps. METHODS: Forty-five healthy sedentary male participants performed cycling training 3 times per week for 8 weeks combined with/without NMES performed at a load equivalent to 65% and 120% of IVO2max (intensity associated with the achievement of maximal oxygen uptake). Anthropometrics, blood lactate measurements, IVO2max, TLimVO2max (time-to-exhaustion) and isokinetic strength parameters were measured at baseline and post-training using a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps-ratio (HQR: Hcon/Qcon) at 60∘/s and the Dynamic Control Ratio (DCR: Hecc/Qcon) at 180∘/s significantly increased both in the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) limb in the HIIT + NMES group (p< 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between the individual changes in D HQR at 60∘/s and IVO2max (r= 0.94, p= 0.005) and the DCR at 180∘/s and TLimVO2max (r= 0.90, p= 0.015), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in the eccentric muscle contraction and DCR following HIIT + NMES seem to improve fatigue tolerance, cause less fatigue and oxidative stress on the lower limb during pedaling at high intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Umutlu
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Final International University, Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Nevzat Demirci
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Kabacinski J, Murawa M, Fryzowicz A, Gorwa J, Dworak LB. Lower Extremities Strength Differences in Female Volleyball Players With Stage 1 Patellar Tendinopathy. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2230-2235. [PMID: 32947571 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kabacinski, J, Murawa, M, Fryzowicz, A, Gorwa, J, and Dworak, LB. Lower extremities strength differences in female volleyball players with stage 1 patellar tendinopathy. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The main purpose of the study was to compare the muscle strength between the involved knee (IK) and uninvolved knee (UK) in 12 female volleyball players with stage 1 chronic patellar tendinopathy. Evaluation included the isometric maximal strength to body mass (MS/BM) of the lower extremities extensors for unilateral and bilateral conditions, concentric isokinetic peak torque to body mass (PT/BM) of the hamstrings and quadriceps at 60°·s and 180°·s, IK to UK extensors maximal strength ratio (SR), IK to UK hamstrings (or quadriceps) peak torque ratio (TR), and hamstrings to quadriceps peak TR (H/Q). The results indicated a significantly lower unilateral and bilateral MS/BM of lower extremities extensors for IK than UK (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in SR variable between the unilateral condition and bilateral condition (p = 0.448). Only at the 60°·s velocity, significantly lower quadriceps PT/BM for IK compared with the UK (p < 0.001) and the control group (p < 0.001) were observed. Torque ratio related to the quadriceps group was significantly lower at 60°·s than 180°·s (p = 0.004). Furthermore, significantly higher H/Q for IK compared with UK (p < 0.001) and control group (p = 0.008) only at 60°·s was found. These findings show a significant isometric strength asymmetry for both unilateral and bilateral conditions and a significant concentric strength asymmetry at the low velocity. This study suggests strengthening the weaker quadriceps group and balancing the strength between hamstrings and quadriceps within the knee with patellar tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Kabacinski
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Murawa
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Fryzowicz
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Gorwa
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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20
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Raya-González J, Castillo D, Beato M. The Flywheel Paradigm in Team Sports: A Soccer Approach. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Andrade MS, Junqueira MS, Andre Barbosa De Lira C, Vancini RL, Seffrin A, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Age-related differences in torque in angle-specific and peak torque hamstring to quadriceps ratios in female soccer players from 11 to 18 years old: Α Cross-sectional study. Res Sports Med 2020; 29:77-89. [PMID: 32200660 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1742713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) strength, bilateral difference and balance ratios in female soccer players. Ninety-three athletes from three age groups: under 13 (U13), 15 (U15) and 18 (U18) participated in the study performing isokinetic tests to measure peak torque, total work, average power and torque at 30º of thigh muscles. Conventional strength balance ratios, angle-specific balance ratio and bilateral strength difference were evaluated. There was bilateral strength difference for extensor muscles total work (p = 0.02) in U13 and flexor muscles peak torque (p = 0.02) in U15. All variables were superior in U15 than U13 (p <.05). There was no strength difference between U15 and U18. Balance ratios did not differ between sides or age groups. The study showed that although peak torque values were higher in U15 than in U13, balance ratios were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia S Andrade
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina S Junqueira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa De Lira
- Laboratório de Avaliação do Movimen to Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física E Dança, Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Aldo Seffrin
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz , St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Baroni BM, Ruas CV, Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Pinto RS. Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Torque Ratios of Professional Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:281-293. [PMID: 29794893 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baroni, BM, Ruas, CV, Ribeiro-Alvares, JB, and Pinto, RS. Hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratios of professional male soccer players: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 281-293, 2020-The goal of this review was to determine the isokinetic hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) torque ratios of professional male soccer players. Systematic searches were independently carried out by 2 researchers in 7 electronic databases. Only studies with teams from the first or second national leagues were included. From these studies, we extracted the players' H/Q conventional (concentric/concentric) and/or functional (eccentric/concentric) ratios. The initial search resulted in 2,128 articles that were filtered to 30 articles (1,727 players) meeting the inclusion criteria. The H/Q conventional ratio was assessed in 27 studies (1,274 players), whereas the H/Q functional ratio was assessed in 15 studies (1,082 players). The H/Q conventional ratio mean scores of professional male soccer players were close to 60% when tested at low to intermediate angular velocities (12°·s = 52 ± 7%; 30°·s = 52 ± 8%; 60°·s = 65 ± 12%; 90°·s = 57 ± 6%; 120°·s = 65 ± 16%; 180°·s = 67 ± 17%) and around 70-80% at fast angular velocities (240°·s = 80 ± 40%; 300°·s = 70 ± 15%; 360°·s = 80 ± 13%). The H/Q functional ratio mean scores of professional male soccer players were close to 80% at 60°·s (79 ± 19%), around 100-130% at intermediate to fast angular velocities (120°·s = 127 ± 42%; 180°·s = 96 ± 19%; 240°·s = 109 ± 22%; 300°·s = 123 ± 18%), and near or above 130% when angular testing velocities were mixed (eccentric hamstring < concentric quadriceps; 30/240°·s = 132 ± 26%; 60/180°·s = 129 ± 20%; 60/240°·s = 153 ± 30%). In conclusion, considering the tested isokinetic angular velocity, professional male soccer players do not meet the traditional reference landmarks used to assess the strength balance between quadriceps and hamstring muscles (i.e., 60 and 100% for H/Q conventional and functional ratios, respectively), which supports a need for specific reference values according to the angular velocity selected for testing H/Q torque ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cassio Victora Ruas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | | | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Julia M, Bonnin A, Croisier JL, Pereira B, Morand D, Peyrin JC, Dusfour B, Dupeyron A, Coudeyre E. Isokinetic thigh muscle strength testing in professional French Rugby Union players: A database as a reference in pre-season strength rehabilitation rather than the controlateral limb. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 64:101370. [PMID: 32201341 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Julia
- Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, CHRU Montpellier, hôpital Lapeyronie, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston-Giraud, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Armand Bonnin
- Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Louis Croisier
- Department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, sports, FIFA medical center of eccellence Liege university hospital center, Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unité de biostatistiques (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 69, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Morand
- Unité de biostatistiques (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 69, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | | | - Bernard Dusfour
- Commission médicale Ligue Nationale de Rugby, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Dupeyron
- Département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, CHU Nîmes, université Montpellier-Nîmes, 30000 Nîmes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coudeyre
- Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, CHRU Montpellier, hôpital Lapeyronie, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston-Giraud, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Relationships between Body Build and Knee Joint Flexor and Extensor Torque of Polish First-Division Soccer Players. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify the relationships between anthropometric variables and knee joint extensor peak torque, knee joint flexor peak torque, and conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio in Polish first-division soccer players. The study examined 37 soccer players aged 19 to 30 years (body mass: 76.8 ± 7.2 kg, body height 1.82 ± 0.06 m). Muscle torques of the knee joint were measured under isometric conditions using a Biodex 4 Pro dynamometer. The anthropometric variables such as body part lengths, breadths, and girths and skinfold thickness were measured. The strongest relationships of knee joint extensors were observed with body mass and variables describing skeleton size and lower-limb muscles. Regarding knee flexor torque, a significant relationship was found only with body mass. However, no significant relationships were observed between the conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio and the anthropometric variables studied. The regression analysis results identified body height, body mass, and thigh and calf girth as the features most associated with knee joint torque. However, anthropometric measurements do not provide full information about the torque proportions of antagonist muscle groups, which is very important for injury prevention. Therefore, measurements using special biomechanical equipment are also necessary for the comprehensive analyses and control of the effects of sports training.
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Park SY, Kim SH, Park DJ. Effect of slope angle on muscle activity during variations of the Nordic exercise. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 15:832-838. [PMID: 31938706 PMCID: PMC6944874 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938670.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the muscular activity of the lower muscles during variation of Nordic exercises following changes of the Nordic angles and the base slope angles. Twenty-one healthy participants were participated in this study. Participants performed six variations of Nordic exercises including two Nordic angles positions and three base slope angles. Each Nordic exercise defined as Nordic angle 10°, 15° and base slope angle 0°, 10°, 15°. During the Nordic exercises, erector spine, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius activities and subjective difficulties (Borg RPE score) were measured. The activities of all muscles and subjective difficulties were significantly greater with the 15° of Nordic exercise compared to the 10° of Nordic exercise, regardless of base slope angles. There were significant differences in gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and the Borg RPE score between three base slope conditions (P<0.05). The Borg RPE score and activities of the gluteus maximus were increased with the increases of base slop angles from 0° to 15°. Conversely, the activities of the gastrocnemius and biceps femoris were decreased with the increases of base slop angles from 0° to 15°. Present study indicates that application of the greater Nordic angle during the Nordic exercise is advantageous for activating lower extremity muscles. Using the base slopes during the Nordic exercise could be used for selective activation of the lower muscles. High base slope angles inducing greater knee flexion could maximize the exercise effects for activating gluteal muscles rather than lower leg muscles such as biceps femoris and gastrocnemius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeon Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science, Kaya University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Soo-Han Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science, Kaya University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Du-Jin Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
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Barassi G, Bellomo RG, Porreca A, Giannuzzo G, Giannandrea N, Pezzi L, Crudeli M, Visciano C, Saggini R. The use of adaptive neuro-stimulation for rebalancing posture and muscular tone in a soccer team. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1676-1683. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Promsri A, Longo A, Haid T, Doix ACM, Federolf P. Leg Dominance as a Risk Factor for Lower-Limb Injuries in Downhill Skiers-A Pilot Study into Possible Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3399. [PMID: 31540226 PMCID: PMC6765833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leg dominance has been reported as one potential risk factor for lower-limb injuries in recreational downhill skiers. The current study proposed and tested two possible mechanisms for a leg dominance effect on skiing injuries-imbalance of the knee muscle strength and bilateral asymmetry in sensorimotor control. We hypothesized that the knee muscle strength (Hypothesis 1; H1) or postural control (Hypothesis 2; H2) would be affected by leg dominance. Fifteen well-experienced recreational downhill skiers (aged 24.3 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. Isometric knee flexor/extensor muscle strength was tested using a dynamometer. Postural control was explored by using a kinematic principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the coordination structure and control of three-dimensional unipedal balancing movements while wearing ski equipment on firm and soft standing surfaces. Only H2 was supported when balancing on the firm surface, revealing that when shifting body weight over the nondominant leg, skiers significantly changed the coordination structure (p < 0.006) and the control (p < 0.004) of the lifted-leg movements. Based on the current findings, bilateral asymmetry in sensorimotor control rather than asymmetry in strength seems a more likely mechanism for the previously reported effect of leg dominance on lower-limb injury risk in recreational downhill skiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Promsri
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Alessia Longo
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Haid
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Peter Federolf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Akınoğlu B, Kocahan T. The effect of deafness on the physical fitness parameters of elite athletes. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:430-438. [PMID: 31316937 PMCID: PMC6614780 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938100.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the health-related physical fitness parameters of athletes, who are deaf. The study group consisted of 137 deaf athletes (52 females and 85 males with a mean age of 23.99±6.56 years) who have participated in the 2017 Deaflympics games. The assessed parameters included the isokinetic muscle strength, core endurance, balance assessments, grip strength, and body composition. At the end of the study, the following results were obtained. Hamstring/quadriceps ratio was in the range of 53%–54%, which was within 50%–60% of the normal limit. Endurance of the anterior and posterior core muscles was low as compared to the normative data. The athletes’ balance was better with their eyes open than closed; and the grip strength was low as compared to the normative data in the literature. Also, the body fat percentage of deaf female athletes were similar to ones in healthy individuals with sedentary lifestyle, whereas male ones had slightly lower body fat mass percentage. These results can be used as the initial reference parameters to define the training program requirements of deaf athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihter Akınoğlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kocahan
- Department of Health Services, Center of Athlete Training and Health Research, Sports General Directorship, The Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ankara, Turkey
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Relationships between Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratio and Variables Describing Countermovement and Drop Jumps. Appl Bionics Biomech 2019; 2019:4505481. [PMID: 31281414 PMCID: PMC6589293 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4505481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio on sport movement performance has not been sufficiently described. However, it seems that in movements involving eccentric-concentric muscular contractions, a higher hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio should have a positive impact on human movement performance. The present study is aimed at identifying relationships between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and variables describing countermovement and drop jumps. The study was carried out in a group of 14 female soccer players. The tests were conducted using a Kistler force plate, an SG electrogoniometer, and the Biodex System 4 Pro dynamometer. Each player performed three countermovement jumps (CMJ) and three drop jumps (DJ) from heights of 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm. The peak torques of knee extensors and flexors were measured in isometric conditions and in isokinetic conditions at angular velocities of 30o/s, 60o/s, 90o/s, and 120o/s. Statistically significant relationships were found between the variables that describe CMJ, DJ 15, DJ 30, and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio at some, though not all, of the angular velocities measured. No significant relationships were found between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and variables that describe DJ 45 and DJ 60. The heights of CMJ, DJ 15, and DJ 30 were increased with higher hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratios. Analogous relationships were found between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and relative mechanical power during the take-off phase of the CMJ. Significant relationships between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and variables that describe vertical jump are likely to be observed if adequate angular velocity is used in the measurement of muscle torque.
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Ruas CV, Pinto RS, Haff GG, Lima CD, Pinto MD, Brown LE. Alternative Methods of Determining Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratios: a Comprehensive Review. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2019; 5:11. [PMID: 30911856 PMCID: PMC6434009 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hamstrings-to-quadriceps muscle strength ratio calculated by peak torque has been used as an important tool to detect muscle imbalance, monitor knee joint stability, describe muscle strength properties and functionality, and for lower extremity injury prevention and rehabilitation. However, this ratio does not consider other neuromuscular variables that can also influence the antagonist to agonist muscle relationship, such as torque produced at multiple angles of range of motion, explosive strength, muscle size, muscle fatigue, or muscle activation. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. These include ratios calculated by angle-specific torque, rate of torque development, muscle size, fatigue index, and muscle activation (measured by electromyography). Collectively, the literature demonstrates that utilizing alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio can be functionally relevant for a better understanding of the neuromuscular mechanisms underpinning the interaction of strength between hamstrings and quadriceps. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any of the alternative methods as sensitive clinical tools for predicting injury risk and monitoring knee joint integrity. Future longitudinal studies, along with injury incidence, are needed to further investigate all alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. These have potential to offer insight into how athletes and the general population should be trained for performance enhancement and injury reduction, and may be used along with traditional methods for a thorough assessment of an individual’s H:Q muscle balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio V Ruas
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physioteraphy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo 750, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G Gregory Haff
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Camila D Lima
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Matheus D Pinto
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lee E Brown
- Center for Sport Performance and Human Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA
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Motta C, de Lira CAB, Vargas VZ, Vancini RL, Andrade MS. Profiling the Isokinetic Muscle Strength of Athletes Involved in Sports Characterized by Constantly Varied Functional Movements Performed at High Intensity: A Cross-Sectional Study. PM R 2018; 11:354-362. [PMID: 30145343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.08.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity (FMHI) is a type of strength and general conditioning program that has gained widespread popularity in recent years. The very intense exercises performed with lower and upper limbs may create muscular asymmetry or imbalance between agonist and antagonist muscles, and therefore the characterization of isokinetic muscle strength, side-to-side difference, and balance ratios for lower and upper limbs may contribute to a better understanding of the modality characteristics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knee and shoulder strength of FMHI athletes of both sexes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Exercise physiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixty FMHI athletes (30 M/30 W) with more than 2 years' experience. METHODS Athletes performed isokinetic tests in both lower and upper limbs: concentrically at 60°/s and 240°/s and eccentrically at 240°/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Isokinetic peak torque of knee flexor and extensor and shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. Conventional and functional strength balance ratios and side-to-side strength difference. RESULTS Concentric peak torque values relative to total body mass for shoulder and knee joints were higher in men than women on both sides. Eccentric peak torque values for knee flexor-dominant and extensor-nondominant limbs showed no difference between the sexes. The knee conventional strength balance ratio for dominant and nondominant sides in women (51.5% ± 7.0% and 51.0% ± 7.1%, respectively) and for dominant and nondominant sides in men (54.4% ± 15.2% and 51.5% ± 9.9%, respectively) were no different between the sexes or limbs. The shoulder conventional strength balance ratio was higher in women (78.1 ± 13.2%) than in men (67.6% ± 10.9%) on the nondominant side. Knee and shoulder functional strength balance ratios in nondominant limbs were higher for women than men. Both sexes presented no side-to-side difference for knee joints or muscles, or for shoulder IR muscles, but ER was stronger in dominant limbs. CONCLUSIONS These data from highly trained FMHI athletes can be compared to that of other athletes to help determine individual weaknesses, strengths, and imbalances, and may be useful for designing training programs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Motta
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio A B de Lira
- Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Laboratório de Avaliação do Movimento Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia (GO), Brazil
| | - Valentine Z Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória (ES), Brazil
| | - Marilia S Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ibis S, Aktuğ ZB, Iri R. Does individual-specific strength training have an effect upon knee muscle strength balances? Knee muscle strength balances. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2018; 18:183-190. [PMID: 29855440 PMCID: PMC6016492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 8-week individual-specific strength exercises on knee muscle strength balance. METHODS Totally 42 male voluntary amateur soccer players participated in the study. The players were categorized into 3 groups with 14 members in each one; the control group (CG), maximal strength training group (STG) and individual-specific strength training group (ISTG). The players in both STG and ISTG performed strength exercises for lower extremity for 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) leg concentric extension and concentric flexion of the players were determined by means of isokinetic dynamometer called 'Biodex' at 60°s-1, 180°s-1 and 300°s-1 angular velocities. Wilcoxon test was conducted to determine the differences between pre-test and post-test of the groups. RESULTS Dominant and non-dominant leg H/Q ratio was specified to increase in ISTG at 60°s-1, 180°s-1 and 300°s-1 angular velocities (p<0.05). Although no statistically significant difference was found in terms of bilateral deficit in any groups, BLD was noticed to decrease significantly in dominant and non-dominant legs in ISTG group. CONCLUSIONS As a result, it was determined that in STG and ISTG considering the strength deficits of the athletes was to increase the H/Q ratio and reduce BLD, yet the H/Q ratios and BLD yielded a better improvement in ISTG, and thus leading a more effective method in individual training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Ibis
- Omer Halisdemir University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Zait Burak Aktuğ
- Omer Halisdemir University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Nigde, Turkey,Corresponding author: Zait Burak Aktuğ, Omer Halisdemir University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Nigde, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Ruchan Iri
- Omer Halisdemir University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Nigde, Turkey
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Taylor JB, Ford KR, Schmitz RJ, Ross SE, Ackerman TA, Shultz SJ. Sport-specific biomechanical responses to an ACL injury prevention programme: A randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2492-2501. [PMID: 29671383 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1465723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes have not been as successful at reducing injury rates in women's basketball as in soccer. This randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02530333) compared biomechanical adaptations in basketball and soccer players during jump-landing activities after an ACL injury prevention programme. Eighty-seven athletes were cluster randomised into intervention (6-week programme) and control groups. Three-dimensional biomechanical analyses of drop vertical jump (DVJ), double- (SAG-DL) and single-leg (SAG-SL) sagittal, and double- (FRONT-DL) and single-leg (FRONT-SL) frontal plane jump landing tasks were tested before and after the intervention. Peak angles, excursions, and joint moments were analysed using two-way MANCOVAs of post-test scores while controlling for pre-test scores. During SAG-SL the basketball intervention group exhibited increased peak knee abduction angles (p = .004) and excursions (p = .003) compared to the basketball control group (p = .01) and soccer intervention group (p = .01). During FRONT-SL, the basketball intervention group exhibited greater knee flexion excursion after training than the control group (p = .01), but not the soccer intervention group (p = .11). Although women's soccer players exhibit greater improvements in knee abduction kinematics than basketball players, these athletes largely exhibit similar biomechanical adaptations to ACL injury prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Taylor
- a Department of Physical Therapy , High Point University , High Point , NC , USA.,b Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Kevin R Ford
- a Department of Physical Therapy , High Point University , High Point , NC , USA
| | - Randy J Schmitz
- b Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Scott E Ross
- b Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | | | - Sandra J Shultz
- b Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
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Duration Dependent Effect of Static Stretching on Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Force. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6010024. [PMID: 29910328 PMCID: PMC5969186 DOI: 10.3390/sports6010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect of static stretching on hamstring and quadriceps muscles’ isokinetic strength when applied for various durations to elite athletes, to investigate the effect of different static stretching durations on isokinetic strength, and finally to determine the optimal stretching duration. Fifteen elite male athletes from two different sport branches (10 football and five basketball) participated in this study. Experimental protocol was designed as 17 repetitive static stretching exercises for hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups according to the indicated experimental protocols; ((A) 5 min jogging; (B) 5 min jogging followed by 15 s static stretching; (C) 5 min jogging followed by 30 s static stretching; (D) 5 min jogging, followed by static stretching for 45 s). Immediately after each protocol, an isokinetic strength test consisting of five repetitions at 60°/s speed and 20 repetitions at 180°/s speed was recorded for the right leg by the Isomed 2000 device. Friedman variance analysis test was employed for data analysis. According to the analyzes, it was observed that 5 min jogging and 15 s stretching exercises increased the isokinetic strength, whereas 30 and 45 s stretching exercises caused a decrease.
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Nunes RFH, Dellagrana RA, Nakamura FY, Buzzachera CF, Almeida FAM, Flores LJF, Guglielmo LGA, da Silva SG. ISOKINETIC ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND BALANCE IN BRAZILIAN ELITE FUTSAL PLAYERS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2018; 13:94-103. [PMID: 29484246 PMCID: PMC5808018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Strength asymmetries are related to knee injuries in intermittent sports players. The purpose of this study was to examine whether elite futsal players demonstrate strength asymmetries during knee isokinetic testing applying the Croisier et al.21 criteria. METHODS Forty male elite (27.9 ± 6.5 years) Brazilian futsal players participated in the study. The testing protocol required players to perform concentric contractions of both quadriceps and hamstring muscles at angular velocities of 60 °·s-1 and 240 °·s-1 and eccentric contractions of hamstring at 30 °·s-1 and 120 °·s-1. Conventional (concentric:concentric) and mixed (eccentric:concentric) hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios were calculated. Subjects were determined to have an imbalanced strength profile if an athlete had at least two parameters that were asymmetrical across speeds and conditions. Asymmetry was operationally defined as peak torque asymmetry greater than 15% in bilateral comparison, and H/Q ratio less than 0.47 for conventional and 0.80 for mixed conditions. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between preferred and nonpreferred limbs in the concentric contractions of flexors at 240 °·s-1 and eccentric contractions of extensors and flexors at 30 °·s-1 and 120 °·s-1. However, these asymmetries did not exceed 15%. The conventional and mixed H/Q ratios were greater in the preferred than in nonpreferred limbs, but only the mixed hamstringsecc/quadricepsconc in the nonpreferred limbs showed values lower than recommended (<0.80). In addition, 50% of elite futsal players had preseason strength imbalances per the developed criteria. CONCLUSION The studied elite futsal players had preseason strength imbalances, which may increase the risk of hamstring injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo A Dellagrana
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Fábio Y Nakamura
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cosme F Buzzachera
- Center for Biological & Health Sciences, North University of Parana, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia A M Almeida
- Laboratory of Research Center for Exercise and Sport (CEPEE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Lucinar J F Flores
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Western Parana, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz G A Guglielmo
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio G da Silva
- Laboratory of Research Center for Exercise and Sport (CEPEE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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Kabacinski J, Murawa M, Mackala K, Dworak LB. Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191077. [PMID: 29315348 PMCID: PMC5760073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee strength ratios are related to the movement patterns, sport-specific training and knee injuries in athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratios in the concentric isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps and the isometric strength of the knee extensors. In female basketball players (n = 14) and female volleyball players (n = 12) were evaluated: the hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque ratio (H/Q) and side-to-side peak torque ratio (TR) for hamstrings and quadriceps; the ratio of the maximal bilateral strength to the summed maximal unilateral strength (B/U) and side-to-side maximal strength ratio (SR) for knee extensors. For the H/Q values, a 2 × 2 × 3 mixed-factorial analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were computed. The H/Q values increased from 48.0 (3.9)% at 60°/s to 70.4 (7.9)% at 300°/s. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the H/Q values between 300°/s and 180°/s, 300°/s and 60°/s in basketball and volleyball athletes, and between 180°/s and 60°/s only in basketball athletes (p < .05). Significantly higher H/Q results at 60°/s demonstrated basketball players than volleyball players (p < .05). Differences in the TR and SR mean values ranged from 4.4% to 8.6% and indicated no significant side-to-side strength deficits (p > .05). In both groups, greater isometric strength developed bilaterally was found (B/U > 100%). The findings revealed the magnitude of knee strength ratios in female athletes determined by sport-specific movements in basketball and volleyball. This study highlighted the importance of the bilateral strength deficit and muscular balance between the hamstrings and quadriceps in basketball and volleyball athletes in activities related to their movement patterns and specific training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Kabacinski
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michal Murawa
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mackala
- Department of Track and Field, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
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ISOKINETIC KNEE MUSCLE STRENGTH PROFILE IN BRAZILIAN MALE SOCCER, FUTSAL, AND BEACH SOCCER PLAYERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:1103-1110. [PMID: 29234562 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20171103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior cruciate ligament injury is higher in soccer athletes as compared to athletes of other sports. Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury include low knee hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio and bilateral strength deficits. Purpose To investigate isokinetic thigh muscles strength, hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio, and bilateral strength comparisons in athletes who participate in professional soccer, futsal, and beach soccer. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Brazilian professional soccer (n=70), futsal (n=30), and beach soccer (n=12) players were isokinetically assessed to examine strength of knee extensors and flexors at 60 degrees/second in concentric mode, to measure peak torque of dominant and non-dominant limbs. Results In the dominant limb, for extensors muscles, futsal players presented significantly lower peak torque values (223.9 ± 33.4 Nm) than soccer (250.9 ± 43.0 Nm; p=0.02) and beach soccer players (253.1 ± 32.4 Nm; p=0.03). Peak torque for extensor muscles in the non-dominant limb was significantly lower in futsal (224.0 ± 35.8 Nm) than in beach soccer players (256.8 ± 39.8 Nm; p=0.03). Hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio for dominant limbs for futsal (57.6 ± 10.1%), soccer (53.5 ± 8.8%), and beach soccer (56.3 ± 8.4%) players presented no significant differences between groups; however, the mean values were lower than recommended values found in the literature. There were no strength deficits for any of the evaluated groups when compared bilaterally. Conclusions Futsal athletes presented lower values for quadriceps strength than soccer and beach soccer athletes. Futsal, soccer, and beach soccer players presented no strength asymmetries, but they presented with strength imbalance in hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio. Level of Evidence 3.
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Mokhtarzadeh H, Ewing K, Janssen I, Yeow CH, Brown N, Lee PVS. The effect of leg dominance and landing height on ACL loading among female athletes. J Biomech 2017; 60:181-187. [PMID: 28712544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Female athletes are more prone to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. A neuromuscular imbalance called leg dominance may provide a biomechanical explanation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the side-to-side lower limb differences in movement patterns, muscle forces and ACL forces during a single-leg drop-landing task from two different heights. We hypothesized that there will be significant differences in lower limb movement patterns (kinematics), muscle forces and ACL loading between the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Further, we hypothesized that significant differences between limbs will be present when participants land from a greater drop-landing height. Eight recreational female participants performed dominant and non-dominant single-leg drop landings from 30 to 60cm. OpenSim software was used to develop participant-specific musculoskeletal models and to calculate muscle forces. We also predicted ACL loading using our previously established method. There were no significant differences between dominant and non-dominant leg landing except in ankle dorsiflexion and GMED muscle forces at peak GRF. Landing from a greater height resulted in significant differences among most kinetics and kinematics variables and ACL forces. Minimal differences in lower-limb muscle forces and ACL loading between the dominant and non-dominant legs during single-leg landing may suggest similar risk of injury across limbs in this cohort. Further research is required to confirm whether limb dominance may play an important role in the higher incidence of ACL injury in female athletes with larger and sport-specific cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mokhtarzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
| | - Katie Ewing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ina Janssen
- AIS Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - Chen-Hua Yeow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Brown
- AIS Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - Peter Vee Sin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Vieira A, Alex S, Martorelli A, Brown LE, Moreira R, Bottaro M. Lower-extremity isokinetic strength ratios of elite springboard and platform diving athletes. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2017; 45:87-91. [PMID: 28294692 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2017.1302310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to examine knee extensor and flexor muscle strength ratios of an elite group of diving athletes. METHODS Sixteen divers (10 females and 6 males) from the Brazil national team were assessed for lower-body strength. They had participated in international competitions such as the 2016 Olympic Games and 2015 Pan American Games. The dynamic concentric torque of their knee flexor and extensor muscles were evaluated using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Bilateral tests were performed at 60º s-1. Flexor to extensor (F/E) peak torque ratio and percentage bilateral difference (BD%) was also measured. RESULTS The results revealed that elite diving athletes produced higher than usual reported in previous studies for relative knee extension torque (3.2 for females and 3.6 for males N∙m∙kg-1). However, they presented low levels of knee flexor torque (1.5 for females and 1.8 for males N∙m∙kg-1). These results are reflected in a low F/E ratio (0.39 to 0.49). Males presented a greater BD% in knee flexors when compared to females (12.4% vs 6.6%). CONCLUSION Elite diving athletes demonstrated high knee extensor and low knee flexor strength. This partially explains their low F/E ratio, which might increase risk of knee injuries. Strength and conditioning programs should strive to correct knee strength imbalances in diving athletes where necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilton Vieira
- a College of Physical Education , University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil.,b University Center of the Federal District , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Savio Alex
- a College of Physical Education , University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - André Martorelli
- a College of Physical Education , University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Lee E Brown
- c Department of Kinesiology , California State University , Fullerton , CA , USA
| | - Ricardo Moreira
- a College of Physical Education , University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil.,d Brazilian Swimming Confederation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- a College of Physical Education , University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
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Dauty M, Menu P, Fouasson-Chailloux A. Cutoffs of isokinetic strength ratio and hamstring strain prediction in professional soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:276-281. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dauty
- Nantes Hospital University; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Hôpital Saint Jacques; Nantes France
- INSERM UMR 1229-RMES; “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”; Team STEP “Skeletal physiopathology and joint regenerative medicine”; Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - P. Menu
- Nantes Hospital University; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Hôpital Saint Jacques; Nantes France
- INSERM UMR 1229-RMES; “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”; Team STEP “Skeletal physiopathology and joint regenerative medicine”; Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - A. Fouasson-Chailloux
- Nantes Hospital University; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Hôpital Saint Jacques; Nantes France
- INSERM UMR 1229-RMES; “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”; Team STEP “Skeletal physiopathology and joint regenerative medicine”; Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
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Isokinetic performance of knee extensors and flexors in adolescent male soccer athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Training-induced changes in physical performance can be achieved without body mass reduction after eight week of strength and injury prevention oriented programme in volleyball female players. Biol Sport 2017; 34:205-213. [PMID: 28566815 PMCID: PMC5424461 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.65995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyse the changes in muscle strength, power, and somatic parameters in elite volleyball players after a specific pre-season training programme aimed at improving jumping and strength performance and injury prevention. Twelve junior female volleyball players participated in an 8-week training programme. Anthropometric characteristics, isokinetic peak torque (PT) single-joint knee flexion (H) and extension (Q) at 60º/s and 180º/s, counter movement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and reactive strength index (RSI) were measured before and after intervention. Significant moderate effects were found in flexor concentric PT at 60º/s and at 180 º/s in the dominant leg (DL) (18.3±15.1%, likely; 17.8±11.2%, very likely) and in extensor concentric PT at 180º/s (7.4%±7.8%, very likely) in the DL. In the non-dominant leg (NL) significant moderate effects were found in flexor concentric PT at 60º/s and at 180º/s (13.7±11.3%, likely; 13.4±8.0%, very likely) and in extensor concentric PT at 180º/s (10.7±11.5%, very likely). Small to moderate changes were observed for H/QCONV in the DL at 60º/s and 180º/s (15.9±14.1%; 9.6±10.4%, both likely) and in the NL at 60º/s (moderate change, 9.6±11.8%, likely), and small to moderate decreases were detected for H/QFUNC at 180º/s, in both the DL and NL (-7.0±8.3%, likely; -9.5±10.0%, likely). Training-induced changes in jumping performance were trivial (for RSI) to small (for CMJ and SJ). The applied pre-season training programme induced a number of positive changes in physical performance and risk of injury, despite a lack of changes in body mass and composition.
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Dedinsky R, Baker L, Imbus S, Bowman M, Murray L. EXERCISES THAT FACILITATE OPTIMAL HAMSTRING AND QUADRICEPS CO-ACTIVATION TO HELP DECREASE ACL INJURY RISK IN HEALTHY FEMALES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:3-15. [PMID: 28217412 PMCID: PMC5294945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is common among females due to many anatomic, hormonal, and neuromuscular risk factors. One modifiable risk factor that places females at increased risk of ACL injury is a poor hamstrings: quadriceps (H:Q) co-activation ratio, which should be 0.6 or greater in order to decrease the stress placed on the ACL. Exercises that produce more quadriceps dominant muscle activation can add to the tension placed upon the ACL, potentially increasing the risk of ACL injury. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to compare quadriceps and hamstring muscle activation during common closed kinetic chain therapeutic exercises in healthy female knees to determine what exercises are able to produce adequate H:Q co-activation ratios. STUDY DESIGN Systematic Review. METHODS Multiple online databases were systematically searched and screened for inclusion. Eight articles were identified for inclusion. Data on mean electromyography (EMG) activation of both quadriceps and hamstring muscles, % maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and H:Q co-activation ratios were extracted from the studies. Quality assessment was performed on all included studies. RESULTS Exercises analyzed in the studies included variations of the double leg squat, variations of the single leg squat, lateral step-up, Fitter, Stairmaster® (Core Health and Fitness, Vancouver, WA), and slide board. All exercises, except the squat machine with posterior support at the level of the scapula and feet placed 50 cm in front of the hips, produced higher quadriceps muscle activation compared to hamstring muscle activation. CONCLUSION Overall, two leg squats demonstrate poor H:Q co-activation ratios. Single leg exercises, when performed between 30 and 90 degrees of knee flexion, produce adequate H:Q ratios, thereby potentially reducing the risk of tensile stress on the ACL and ACL injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2a- Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.
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Kabaciński J, Murawa M, Fryzowicz A, Dworak LB. A Comparison of Isokinetic Knee Strength and Power Output Ratios Between Female Basketball and Volleyball Players. HUMAN MOVEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/humo-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurpose. Tests such as the counter movement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) allow for determining the ratio of maximal power output generated during SJ to CMJ (S/C). The isokinetic peak torque ratio of the hamstrings contracting eccentrically to the quadriceps contracting concentrically (H/Q) is defined as functional H/Q. The purpose of this study was to compare the S/C and functional H/Q between female basketball and volleyball players. Methods. The total of 14 female basketball players (age, 19.8 ± 1.4 years) and 12 female volleyball players (age, 22.3 ± 4.2 years) participated in the study. A piezoelectric force platform was used for the CMJ and SJ. Moreover, isokinetic tests of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscle torque during eccentric and concentric contraction were performed. Results. The results of the S/C and functional H/Q at 90 deg · s
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Walchan EM, Guimarães FS, Soares MS, Kasuki L, Gadelha MR, Lopes AJ. Parameters of knee isokinetic dynamometry in individuals with acromegaly: Association with growth hormone levels and general fatigue. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-160635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M. Walchan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando S. Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S. Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Física Almirante Adalberto Nunes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Departamento de Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica R. Gadelha
- Departamento de Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo J. Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kim CG, Jeoung BJ. Assessment of isokinetic muscle function in Korea male volleyball athletes. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:429-437. [PMID: 27807521 PMCID: PMC5091058 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632710.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volleyball players performed numerous repetitions of spike actions, which uses and requires strong and explosive force, and control of the muscles of the shoulder, lower back, and legs. Muscle imbalance is one of the main causes of sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess isokinetic muscle functions in male volleyball players. We thus aim to accurately evaluate their muscle functions, and identify the best training strategy to achieve optimal muscle strength balance in future training programs. The participants in this study consisted of 14 male volleyball players. Muscle strength was measured using the isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle strength was evaluated in terms of peak torque and average power, calculated from five repeated measurements at an angular speed of 60°/sec. Three players who were left attackers showed shoulder imbalance, four players showed trunk joint imbalance, nine players had knee joint of extension/flexion imbalance and four players showed left/right imbalance. The results showed that the number of volleyball players with differences between the strength of the bilateral knee muscles, and between the strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles was higher than the number of players with differences between the strength of the shoulder internal and external rotation muscles, and higher than the number of players with differences between the strength of the lower back extension and flexion muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gyun Kim
- Departmnt of Sports & Leisure Studies, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Bog Ja Jeoung
- Departmnt of Sports & Leisure Studies, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
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Sabino GS, Felício DC, Guimarães CQ, Abreu BJDGA, Vieira WHDB. Validity analysis of one-repetition maximum strength test for determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201600030003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Beyer KS, Fukuda DH, Miramonti AM, Church DD, Tanigawa S, Stout JR, Hoffman JR. Strength ratios are affected by years of experience in American collegiate rugby athletes: A preliminary study. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-160625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. Beyer
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David H. Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amelia M. Miramonti
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David D. Church
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Satoru Tanigawa
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jay R. Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Andrade MS. Could Isokinetic Evaluation Contribute to the Assessment of Sex Differences in the Incidence of ACL, MCL, and Meniscal Injuries in Collegiate and High School Sports? Letter to the Editor. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:NP35-6. [PMID: 27371677 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516655119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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50
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Schelling X, Torres-Ronda L. An Integrative Approach to Strength and Neuromuscular Power Training for Basketball. Strength Cond J 2016. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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