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Mimura T, Furuya Y, Kumagai K, Amano Y, Miyahara S, Uemura R, Horikawa S, Saito H, Umeda K, Ushiyama F, Ogata Y, Yayama T, Mori K, Imai S. The ability of plain radiography to accurately describe the bone surface at the head-neck junction of the femur: a study using human bone models. J Hip Preserv Surg 2025; 12:65-73. [PMID: 40331075 PMCID: PMC12051853 DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
In evaluations of a cam deformity on femoroacetabular impingement, the head-neck junction (HNJ) must be accurately assessed. We conducted this study to determine the ability of plain radiography to visualize the end-to-end bone surface of the HNJ. We used six human bone models. Ten examiners evaluated the degree to which attached stainless wire marker at the 1:00, 1:30, and 2:00 radial plane defined in reconstructed computed tomography can be accurately detected on the bone surface on plain radiographies. We employed 13 plain radiographies: the cross-table lateral view, frog-leg lateral view, Espié frog-leg lateral view, false-profile view, modified false-profile view, 30° Dunn view (DV), 45° DV, 60° DV, 90° DV, 30° modified Dunn view (MDV), 45° MDV, 60° MDV, and 90° MDV. Examiners scored the degree to which the radiographic images accurately detected the stainless wire marker on the bone surface of the HNJ on a scale of 1 point (0% match) to 5 points (almost 100% match). The highest score for the 1:00 plane was 4.98 points on the 45° DV. Similarly, the highest scores of the 1:30 and 2:00 planes were 4.98 points for the 45° MDV and 4.68 points for the 90° MDV, respectively. On these bone model studies, the most suitable plain radiography for describing the HNJ at the 1:00, 1:30, and 2:00 planes were both the 45° DV, the 45° MDV, and the 90° MDV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuki Furuya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kumagai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Amano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shunichi Miyahara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryota Uemura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Horikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hideki Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kohei Umeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yugen Ogata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yayama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kanji Mori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shinji Imai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Clarke L, Lockwood P. Student radiographers' knowledge and experience of lateral hip X-ray positioning: A survey. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:1695-1703. [PMID: 39214786 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The horizontal beam lateral (HBL) position technique for X-ray imaging has been used for nearly a century; however, this can be challenging for the patient and the practitioner, as it potentially compromises patient dignity. This study explores student radiographers' knowledge and experience of lateral hip positions and their impact on diagnostic quality and patient dignity. METHOD A cross-sectional mixed-method online survey of undergraduate diagnostic radiography students was completed. Likert scale assessments, rank ordering questions, and free-test qualitative responses were utilised for questions on knowledge and experience of different positioning, ease to obtain, patient dignity, diagnostic quality, and need for repeats. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation non-parametric analysis against variables of age, gender and year of study. RESULTS Responses were received by n = 42/158 students, a response rate of 27%. The HBL position was the most commonly repeated image (76.6%); the qualitative themes included HBL image quality issues and difficulty in the HBL positioning for elderly or frail patients, often in discomfort and pain. Analysis of student responses to perceived patient dignity in positioning identified 73.8% found the HBL undignified, and 85.7% agreed the Clements-Nakayama (CN) position would be more dignified for patients. The diagnostic image quality of the HBL position (64.2%) was compared to the CN alternative axiolateral (66.6%). Comparison of ease of obtaining the correct position for HBL (47.6%) was higher than CN position (28.6%); this could be due to the lack of experience n = 3/42 (7.1%) of this position. CONCLUSION Overall, student radiographers' experience and knowledge of various lateral hip positions observed in clinical practice was good. The CN position scored high for diagnostic image (66.6%) and dignity for the patient (85.7%), over the often repeated HBL position (76.6%), which scored lower for image quality (64.2%) and dignity (76.6%). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Radiographers should advocate for professional autonomy and explore alternative positioning techniques. Further investigation into the CN position's utilisation, image quality and radiation dose in England is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Clarke
- Radiology Department, The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - P Lockwood
- Department of Radiography, School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, United Kingdom.
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Birkenmaier C, Levrard L, Melcher C, Wegener B, Ricke J, Holzapfel BM, Baur-Melnyk A, Mehrens D. Distances and angles in standing long-leg radiographs: comparing conventional radiography, digital radiography, and EOS. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1517-1528. [PMID: 38378861 PMCID: PMC11194212 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distances and angles measured from long-leg radiographs (LLR) are important for surgical decision-making. However, projectional radiography suffers from distortion, potentially generating differences between measurement and true anatomical dimension. These phenomena are not uniform between conventional radiography (CR) digital radiography (DR) and fan-beam technology (EOS). We aimed to identify differences between these modalities in an experimental setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hemiskeleton was stabilized using an external fixator in neutral, valgus and varus knee alignment. Ten images were acquired for each alignment and each modality: one CR setup, two different DR systems, and an EOS. A total of 1680 measurements were acquired and analyzed. RESULTS We observed great differences for dimensions and angles between the 4 modalities. Femoral head diameter measurements varied in the range of > 5 mm depending on the modality, with EOS being the closest to the true anatomical dimension. With functional leg length, a difference of 8.7% was observed between CR and EOS and with the EOS system being precise in the vertical dimension on physical-technical grounds, this demonstrates significant projectional magnification with CR-LLR. The horizontal distance between the medial malleoli varied by 20 mm between CR and DR, equating to 21% of the mean. CONCLUSIONS Projectional distortion resulting in variations approaching 21% of the mean indicate, that our confidence on measurements from standing LLR may not be justified. It appears likely that among the tested equipment, EOS-generated images are closest to the true anatomical situation most of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Birkenmaier
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Artemed Klinikum München Süd, Department for Spine Surgery and Scoliosis Center, Am Isarkanal 30, 81379, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Carolin Melcher
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Schön Klinik Neustadt, Klinik für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Skoliosezentrum, Am Kiebitzberg 10, 23730, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Bernd Wegener
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Baur-Melnyk
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Radiologie München, Burgstraße 7, 80331, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Mehrens
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Bischoff CJ, Woodard DR, Pringle LC, DeFroda SF. Imaging Modalities in the Preoperative Assessment of Femoroacetabular Impingement and Hip Dysplasia: Determining Best Practices. JBJS Rev 2024; 12:01874474-202407000-00006. [PMID: 38991089 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.24.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
» In the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding hip pain, especially related to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hip dysplasia (HD), which collectively affect over 20% of the population.» Preoperative imaging, including plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US), plays a pivotal role in diagnosing FAI and HD. Imaging precision, standardized techniques, and accurate interpretation are crucial for effective treatment planning.» The continual advancements in imaging techniques, especially seen in MRI (arthrograms, application of leg traction, and delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage), represent important strides in the precise assessment of pathology associated with FAI and HD.» By incorporating these advancements into routine imaging protocols, healthcare providers can ensure a comprehensive understanding of hip joint dynamics, enabling more accurate diagnosis and effective management strategies for patients with FAI and HD, ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Bischoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David R Woodard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Steven F DeFroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Domb BG, Prabhavalkar ON, Maldonado DR, Perez-Padilla PA. Long-Term Outcomes of Arthroscopic Labral Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Adolescents: A Nested Propensity-Matched Analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:1062-1068. [PMID: 38662811 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip arthroscopy has demonstrated effectiveness as a treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in adult patients, with promising long-term outcomes. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding the adolescent population. The purposes of our study were to report on survivorship and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at a minimum 10-year follow-up in adolescent patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI and labral tears and to compare the survivorship and outcomes of this population with those of a nested, propensity-matched adult control group. METHODS Data regarding adolescent patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between February 2008 and January 2012 were reviewed. Patients with a minimum 10-year follow-up for the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were eligible. The exclusion criteria were previous ipsilateral hip conditions or surgical procedures, a Tönnis grade of >1, or dysplasia. In the subanalysis, adolescent patients were matched to young adult patients with use of a 1:1 ratio on the basis of sex, body mass index, Tönnis grade, lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), labral treatment, capsular treatment, and additional procedures performed during the surgery. RESULTS A total of 74 patients (61 female and 13 male; 74 hips) with a mean (and standard deviation) age of 16.7 ± 1.4 years and a minimum follow-up of 10 years were included. The latest follow-up occurred at a mean of 125.4 ± 5.3 months (range, 120.0 to 144.1 months). Significant improvement in all PROs from baseline and 100% survivorship were demonstrated at the 10-year follow-up. In the subanalysis, 58 adolescent hips were propensity-matched to 58 young adult hips. The adolescent group had higher postoperative scores for the HOS-SSS (p = 0.021), NAHS (p = 0.021), and iHOT-12 (p = 0.042) than the young adult group. Patient satisfaction at the latest follow-up was also significantly higher in the adolescent group (p = 0.00061). The rate of survivorship free from conversion to THA was similar between the adolescent and control groups (100% versus 96.6%; p = 0.200). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents undergoing hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAI and labral tears demonstrated excellent outcomes and a high rate of survivorship. These outcomes were superior to those seen in a matched adult group. The results of this study indicate that hip arthroscopy in adolescents is a safe procedure that leads to improvement in outcomes at long-term follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
- American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois
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Liu C, Xu Z, Zeng JF, Song ZQ, Xie YY, Tang ZW, Wen J, Xiao S. Roles of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in pathological changes of hip dysplasia and hip reconstructive surgery. World J Orthop 2024; 15:390-399. [PMID: 38835688 PMCID: PMC11145975 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i5.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Combined femoral and acetabular anteversion is the sum of femoral and acetabular anteversion, representing their morphological relationship in the axial plane. Along with the increasing understanding of hip dysplasia in recent years, numerous scholars have confirmed the role of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in the pathological changes of hip dysplasia. At present, the reconstructive surgery for hip dysplasia includes total hip replacement and redirectional hip preservation surgery. As an important surgery index, combined femoral and acetabular anteversion have a crucial role in these surgeries. Herein, we discuss the role of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in pathological changes of hip dysplasia, total hip replacement, and redirectional hip preservation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410003, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian-Fa Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Qi Song
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Yin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Tang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Sinha R, Morris WZ, Ellis HB, McGinley J, Podeszwa DA, Sucato DJ, Nepple JJ, Clohisy JC. Radiographic evaluation of the painful adolescent and young adult hip. JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDIC SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA 2024; 7:100039. [PMID: 40433291 PMCID: PMC12088303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jposna.2024.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Radiographic evaluation of hip pain in adolescents and young adults is an important component of the assessment to aid in the identification of the cause of pain, distinguish between etiologies of early hip degeneration such as acetabular dysplasia (instability) and femoroacetabular impingement, and guide further workup and management. Recent advances in radiographic assessment include the importance of obtaining a standing anterior-posterior radiograph to illustrate the functional position of the pelvis, the use of anterior and posterior wall indices to illustrate anterior and posterior wall coverage and the importance of interpreting radiographic measures in the context of a patient's sagittal balance. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound have also occurred and can provide further diagnostic clarity. The purpose of this work is to review the literature to provide a systematic approach to the radiographic evaluation of hip pain in skeletally mature adolescents and young adults. Key Concepts (1)The standing AP pelvis, 45° Dunn, and false-profile views provide a preliminary comprehensive radiographic assessment of the symptomatic hip in the skeletally mature adolescent and young adult and help to distinguish between instability and impingement.(2)The Lateral Center Edge Angle (LCEA) should be augmented by the anterior center edge angle (ACEA), anterior wall index (AWI), and posterior wall index (PWI) to obtain a more complete understanding of 3-dimensional femoral head coverage from plain radiographs.(3)While the crossover and posterior wall signs on radiographs can be helpful in screening for acetabular retroversion and anteversion, CT should be used to confirm if considering reorientation or resection.(4)Cam morphology should be quantitatively assessed using the alpha angle and head-neck offset on the 45° Dunn view.(5)Dynamic ultrasound may be useful in illustrating the motion associated with impingement and instability in real-time but may be limited by the technician-dependent nature of this modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sinha
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William Z. Morris
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Henry B. Ellis
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James McGinley
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David A. Podeszwa
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J. Sucato
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Nepple
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Clohisy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Enseki KR, Bloom NJ, Harris-Hayes M, Cibulka MT, Disantis A, Di Stasi S, Malloy P, Clohisy JC, Martin RL. Hip Pain and Movement Dysfunction Associated With Nonarthritic Hip Joint Pain: A Revision. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023; 53:CPG1-CPG70. [PMID: 37383013 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2023.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy (AOPT), formerly the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), has an ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). This is an update to the 2014 Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for Hip Pain and Movement Dysfunction Associated with Nonarthritic Hip Joint Pain. The goals of the revision were to provide a concise summary of the contemporary evidence since publication of the original guideline and to develop new recommendations or revise previously published recommendations to support evidence-based practice. This current CPG covers pathoanatomical features, clinical course, prognosis, diagnosis, examination, and physical therapy interventions in the management of nonarthritic hip joint pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(7):CPG1-CPG70. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.0302.
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Bi AS, Ryan MK, Castañeda PG, Youm T. A history of eponym usage in hip and pelvis radiography part 2: the adult hip. Hip Int 2023; 33:144-151. [PMID: 36721879 DOI: 10.1177/11207000221151120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eponyms, while inherently flawed, remain a constant in medical vernacular, especially in orthopaedic surgery. It is essential to understand how these eponyms came to be named and for whom they were named after in order to understand their correct usage and definitions. In this second part of a 2-part review, we describe the history of eponym usage in the radiography of the adult hip; who, when, what, where, and how. We hope to provide a historical perspective of interest, resolve any controversies in semantic definitions, and create a comprehensive library of eponymous terms related to adult hip radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Bi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael K Ryan
- The Hip Center, Andrews Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pablo G Castañeda
- Division of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Youm
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Center, New York, NY, USA
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Elevated hip adduction angles and abduction moments in the gait of adolescents with recurrent patellar dislocation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022:10.1007/s00402-022-04703-y. [PMID: 36435929 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired hip kinematics and kinetics may incite patellar instability. This study tested the hypothesis that hip adduction and internal rotation angles during gait are higher in adolescents with recurrent patellar dislocations compared to healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Case-control study. Eighty-eight knees (67 patients) with recurrent patellar dislocation (mean age 14.8 years ± 2.8 SD) were compared to 54 healthy knees (27 individuals, 14.9 years ± 2.4 SD). Peak hip, knee and pelvis kinematics and kinetics were captured using 3D-gait analysis (VICON, 12 cameras, 200 Hz, Plug-in-Gait, two force plates) and compared between the two groups. One cycle (100%) consisted of 51 data points. The mean of six trials was computed. RESULTS Peak hip adduction angles and abduction moments were significantly higher in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation compared to the control group (p < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Peak internal hip rotation did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION Elevated hip adduction angles and higher hip abduction moments in gait of adolescents with recurrent patellar dislocation may indicate an impaired function of hip abductors that contributes to patellar instability.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND After treatment with in situ stabilization, slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) patients have variable degrees of deformity that can contribute to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). To evaluate the severity of residual deformity most physicians currently use biplanar radiographs of an anteroposterior pelvis which profiles the lateral head-neck deformity and a frog lateral view which profiles the anterior head-neck deformity. However, the assessment of FAI morphology commonly relies on the 45-degree Dunn view to profile the anterolateral head-neck junction where FAI deformity is maximal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude of residual SCFE deformity detected on the frog lateral radiograph to the 45-degree Dunn radiograph. METHODS A retrospective review of radiographic images of 50 hips (47 patients) diagnosed with SCFE at a single academic institution from 2014 to 2018 was performed. The group included 25 hips evaluated postoperatively after fixation (Group 1) and 25 hips presenting with residual symptomatic SCFE deformity after previous pinning (Group 2). The alpha angle was assessed on both the 45-degree Dunn and frog lateral views for comparison. The modified Southwick slip angle was assessed on the frog lateral view only as a measure of SCFE severity. RESULTS The Dunn view showed the maximal residual SCFE deformity as measured by the alpha angle in 88% (44/50) of cases. Overall, the mean alpha angle (70.7 degree vs. 60.1 degree, P <0.001) was significantly larger on the Dunn view as compared with frog lateral. Subgroup analysis showed a larger alpha angle on Dunn view compared with frog lateral in both immediate postoperative and residual SCFE deformities as well: Group 1 (69.5 degree vs. 60.9 degree, P <0.001) and Group 2 (71.9 degree vs. 59.3 degree, P <0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with SCFE, the maximal residual deformity of the proximal femur can typically be seen on the 45-degree Dunn view, rather than on the frog lateral view. Our findings suggest the 45-degree Dunn view may be beneficial part of the postoperative assessment of SCFEs to quantify the true maximal deformity present. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Owens JS, Saks BR, Fox JD, Jimenez AE, Lall AC, Domb BG. The Circumferential Femoroplasty: An All-Arthroscopic Technique for Addressing a Challenging Hip Deformity. Arthrosc Tech 2022; 11:e1737-e1745. [PMID: 36311314 PMCID: PMC9596604 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Femoroacetabular impingement is recognized as a common cause of hip pain. Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement results from abnormal contact between an aspherical femoral head and the acetabular rim during hip range of motion, leading to labral tearing, cartilage damage, and, eventually, osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic correction of this bony deformity has been well described, particularly in the anterolateral quadrant of the femoral neck. Some deformities extend well beyond this quadrant, involving most or all of the circumference of the femoral neck, making arthroscopic decompression a challenge. We present a post-less, all-arthroscopic technique for performing a circumferential cam decompression using 3-dimensional preoperative planning software and interactive fluoroscopy-integrated computer vision interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade S. Owens
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Saks
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James D. Fox
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ajay C. Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Address correspondence to Dr. Benjamin G. Domb, M.D., 999 E Touhy Ave., Suite 450, Des Plaines, IL 60018
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Boscher J, Alain A, Vergnenegre G, Hummel V, Charissoux JL, Marcheix PS. Femoral shaft fractures treated by antegrade locked intramedullary nailing: EOS stereoradiographic imaging evaluation of rotational malalignment having a functional impact. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022; 108:103235. [PMID: 35172212 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard treatment of femoral shaft fractures is intramedullary nailing. One of the most frequent complications is femoral malrotation. Our study sought to: 1) use EOS imaging to determine the amount of rotational malalignment after intramedullary nailing that has an impact on 6-month functional results; 2) determine the incidence of femoral malrotation based on EOS imaging; 3) determine the risk factors for postoperative femoral malrotation that impacts the 6-month functional results. The hypothesis was that EOS imaging can be used to determine the amount of femoral malrotation that has a functional impact in patients treated by percutaneous femoral intramedullary nailing. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a prospective, single-center study between September 2017 and February 2020. Patients who had suffered a femoral shaft fracture treated with antegrade intramedullary nailing were included in this study. Femoral anteversion was measured at 6 months with an EOS stereoradiographic imaging system. Patients were assessed at 6 months with the WOMAC, Oxford, Harris and MDP functional scores. The SF-12 quality of life score was also determined. RESULTS Thirty patients were evaluated at 6 months postoperatively, 15 women (50%) and 15 men (50%) who were 47 years old on average [16; 94]. The average anteversion was 19.9°C [-23°; 75°]. The functional scores (Oxford and Harris) were altered when there was 14° or more difference in femoral torsion between the operated side and the healthy side with a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.77. The risk factors for femoral malrotation were age under 35 years (p=0.01), urgent surgical management (p=0.008), location in middle third of femoral shaft (p=0.05), and short spiral fracture (p=0.02). CONCLUSION The use of EOS imaging allowed us to demonstrate that functional hip outcomes are altered at 6 months postoperatively when greater than 14° femoral malrotation is present compared to the contralateral side after femoral intramedullary nailing. The risk factors that contributed to intraoperative rotational malalignment were age less than 35 years, urgent surgical management, mid-shaft femoral fracture and short spiroid fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boscher
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, CHU de Dupuytren, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
| | - Armand Alain
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, CHU de Dupuytren, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Vergnenegre
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, CHU de Dupuytren, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
| | - Vincent Hummel
- Service de radiologie IMRO, polyclinique de Limoges, 18, du Général-Catroux, 87039 Limoges cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Louis Charissoux
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, CHU de Dupuytren, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Sylvain Marcheix
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, CHU de Dupuytren, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
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14
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Lall AC, Secretov E, Battaglia MR, Chen SL, Laseter JR, Yelton MJ, Chaharbakhshi EO, Maldonado DR, Domb BG. Hip Arthroscopy Results in Similar Short-Term Function Compared to THA in Patients of Similar Demographic Profiles. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e1667-e1674. [PMID: 36312708 PMCID: PMC9596909 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To review short-term functional outcomes in patients who underwent hip arthroscopy and to compare their outcomes to those of a demographically similar cohort who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy (SCOPE) between April 2008 and October 2015. SCOPE patients were included if they were ≥35 years, had preoperative and postoperative 2-year follow-up, and had no prior hip condition or ipsilateral hip surgery. SCOPE patients were matched 1:1 to a demographically similar cohort of patients who underwent THA at our institution. Matching criteria included similar age (within 5 years), gender, and body mass index (within 5). SCOPE patients were assessed with modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), non-arthritic hip score, and visual analogue scale (VAS). THA patients were assessed with mHHS, forgotten joint score, and VAS. Results Sixty-seven patients were included in each cohort. Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for management of labral tears achieved nearly equivalent mHHS, Health Survey Short Form (SF-12) Mental, SF-12 Physical, Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12) Mental, VR-12 Physical scores at latest follow-up compared to demographically similar patients who underwent THA. There was no significant difference in mHHS scores (SCOPE = 82.9 ± 16.4 vs THA = 87.3 ± 15, P = .095) between the 2 group groups. In addition, average patient satisfaction on a 10-point scale was 8.1 for the SCOPE cohort and 8.8 for the THA cohort (P = .052). Conclusions Our results show that hip arthroscopy, when performed in patients with the appropriate indications, can lead to comparably excellent outcomes as total hip arthroplasty with significant pain relief at short term follow-up. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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15
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Shapira J, Glein RM, Yelton MJ, Maldonado DR, Lall AC, Domb BG. Intra-articular Damage and Patient Outcome Comparison Between Athletes and Nonathletes After Hip Arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2165-2173. [PMID: 35704884 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221098046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body of literature comparing hip arthroscopy between athletes and nonathletes is relatively scarce. Analyzing these groups can help to shed light on the severity of intra-articular damage and end-stage osteoarthritis that may result from participation in strenuous activities. PURPOSE (1) To compare the intra-articular damage at the time of hip arthroscopy between athletes and nonathletes, and (2) to compare the pre- and postoperative outcomes between the groups. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Patients were considered eligible for analysis if they had received a primary hip arthroscopy between August 2008 and June 2018, were participating in competitive athletics, and had preoperative baseline scores and minimum 2-year follow-up for the following patient-reported outcomes: modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale. Propensity score matching was used to match eligible patients in a 1:1 ratio to patients who were not participating in any sports greater than a recreational level before surgery. RESULTS A total of 234 patients were included. There were no significant differences in the severity of labral tears, ligamentum teres tears, or cartilage damage (P > .05). The procedures performed between cohorts were similar (P > .05). The athlete population had higher preoperative means scores for the modified Harris Hip Score and NAHS (each P < .001). Likewise, the athlete population had higher postoperative means scores for the NAHS, Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale (P = .031, P = .030, and P = .032, respectively). Additionally, the athlete cohort reported higher minimum 2-year outcomes than the nonathlete cohort for the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (mental component; P = .003) and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (mental component, P = .032; physical component, P = .005). CONCLUSION At the time of hip arthroscopy, athletes demonstrate similar intra-articular damage to their nonathlete counterparts. Given their higher preoperative scores, it is possible that athletes better tolerate the damage to the hip joint. Despite their strenuous activities and potentially higher tolerance to pain, athletes should not necessarily be expected to have greater severity of intra-articular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Shapira
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel M Glein
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mitchell J Yelton
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Saks BR, Monahan PF, Hawkins GC, Maldonado DR, Jimenez AE, Sabetian PW, Lall AC, Domb BG. Outcomes After Primary Hip Arthroscopy in Athletes Older Than 40 Years Compared With Nonathletes. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2181-2189. [PMID: 35666110 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221096843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Master athletes (MAs), or athletes older than 40 years, make up a patient population whose outcomes after primary arthroscopic hip surgery are largely unknown. PURPOSE To report minimum 2-year outcomes of MAs after primary hip arthroscopy and compare their results to a propensity-matched nonathlete (NA) control group. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Data were prospectively collected between February 2008 and April 2019 and retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy. Patients were included if they were older than 40 years and had preoperative data for the modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale score for pain. MAs reported participating in organized sports competition within 1 year before surgery and were propensity matched to a control group of patients who did not report participating in organized sports competition (NAs). Patient characteristics, radiographic and intraoperative findings, surgical procedures performed, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were reported and compared between the groups. The rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference and maximum outcome improvement satisfaction threshold were recorded. RESULTS A total of 366 hips were eligible; 328 (89.6%) had adequate follow-up data. 328 patients met inclusion criteria but 88 were not included due to the restrictions of the propensity score match ratio. Of these, 80 hips (76 patients) were classified as MAs (mean age, 48.9 ± 6.2 years) and were propensity matched 1:2 to an NA control group. Groups were comparable for baseline demographic and radiographic parameters, intraoperative findings, and procedures performed. MAs had significantly better baseline and minimum 2-year PROM scores (P < .05), higher satisfaction (P = .01), and higher rates of achieving clinically meaningful improvement across all the outcome tools used (P < .05). MAs, when compared with NAs, had lower rates of secondary arthroscopy (0% vs 7.5%, respectively; P = .001) and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (12.5% vs 26.9%, respectively; P = .011). CONCLUSION MAs demonstrated favorable outcomes after primary hip arthroscopy. When compared with a propensity score-matched control group of NA patients, MAs demonstrated better preoperative and postoperative PROMs, higher rates of clinically meaningful improvement, and lower rates of secondary arthroscopy and conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Absolute improvements in PROM scores were similar between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Saks
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter F Monahan
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew E Jimenez
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Payam W Sabetian
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Jimenez AE, Monahan PF, Owens JS, Maldonado DR, Curley AJ, Domb BG, Lall AC, Domb BG. Earlier Treatment Yields Superior Outcomes in Competitive Athletes Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:2183-2191. [PMID: 34915141 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report minimum 2-year patient-reported outcome scores (PROs) and return to sport (RTS) for competitive athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome within 1 year of symptom onset and to compare these results with a propensity-matched control group of competitive athletes with symptoms for over 1 year. METHODS Data on professional, collegiate, high-school, and organized amateur athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopy within 1 year of symptom onset between April 2008 and November 2017 were collected. RTS and minimum 2-year PROs were collected for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), and visual analog pain scale (VAS). Rates of achieving minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were also evaluated. These patients were propensity-matched to a control group of competitive athletes with symptoms for over one year for comparison. RESULTS Fifty competitive athletes (51 hips, 54.9% female) were included in the study group with a mean follow-up of 70.9 ± 29.1 months and age of 23.6 ± 11.3 years. They demonstrated significant improvement from preoperative to latest follow-up for all recorded PROs (P < .001) and RTS at a rate of 72.9%. When outcomes were compared to the control group, the study group demonstrated similar preoperative scores for all PROs but significantly better minimum 2-year postoperative scores for NAHS (93.8 vs 85.1, P = .0001), HOS-SSS (89.1 vs 77.2, P = .001), iHOT-12 (87.7 vs 76.4, P = 0.011), and VAS (1.5 vs 2.4, P = 0.027). Rates of achieving MCID for HOS-SSS and mHHS were comparable between groups. Further, RTS rates were similar between groups (P = .301). CONCLUSION Competitive athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopy with symptoms for less than 1 year demonstrated superior 2-year PROs compared to a propensity-matched control group with symptoms for over 1 year, but the rates achieving MCID and RTS were similar between groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter F Monahan
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jade S Owens
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Andrew J Curley
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois; American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S.A..
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018; American Hip Institute, Chicago, IL 60018; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL 60169
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018; American Hip Institute, Chicago, IL 60018; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL 60169.
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18
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Jimenez AE, Monahan PF, Owens JS, Lee MS, Maldonado DR, Saks BR, Ankem HK, Lall AC, Domb BG. High-Level Athletes Who Did Not Return to Sport for Reasons Unrelated to Their Hip Achieve Successful Midterm Outcomes With a Benchmarking Against High-Level Athletes Who Returned to Sport. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:1879-1887. [PMID: 34863903 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 1) To report minimum 2- and 5-year outcomes of high-level athletes who did not return to sport (RTS) after hip arthroscopy for reasons unrelated to their hip (T athletes) and 2) to benchmark these findings against a propensity-matched control group of high-level athletes who returned to sport (RTS athletes). METHODS Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for professional, collegiate, and high school athletes between April 2008 and October 2015, who underwent primary hip arthroscopy. Athletes were considered eligible if they did not return to sport for reasons unrelated to their hip such as loss of interest, graduation, or a lifestyle transition (T athletes). Inclusion criteria were preoperative and minimum 5-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and maximum outcome improvement satisfaction threshold (MOIST). T athletes were then propensity-matched to a control group of high-level athletes who returned to sport after hip arthroscopy (RTS athletes) for comparison. RESULTS Twenty-seven T hips (25 patients) were included in the analysis with a mean follow-up time of 38.9 ± 16.8 and 72.1 ± 16.8 months for minimum 2- and 5-year outcomes, respectively. They demonstrated significant improvement in all measured PROs. When compared to a propensity-matched control group of RTS athletes, T athletes demonstrated similar improvement in PROs (mHHS, NAHS, and HOS-SSS) and achieved MCID at similar rates for NAHS (T: 77.8% vs RTS: 68.8%; P = .570) and HOS-SSS (T: 70.3% vs RTS: 76.6%, P = .824) compared to RTS athletes; however T athletes demonstrated higher rates of achieving MCID for mHHS (T: 88.9% vs RTS: 72.9% P = .033). CONCLUSION Athletes who did not return to sport for reasons unrelated to their hip demonstrated favorable outcomes at minimum 2- and 5-year follow-up. They had similar PROs and rates of achieving MCID for HOS-SSS compared to a propensity-matched control group of high-level athletes who returned to sport. Return to sport status may not necessarily be correlated to the patient's perception of their own outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter F Monahan
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jade S Owens
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael S Lee
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Benjamin R Saks
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois
| | - Hari K Ankem
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois; American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois; American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois.
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19
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Shapira J, Chen JW, Yelton MJ, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Meghpara MB, Lall AC, Domb BG. The Inverse Relationship Between Labral Size and Acetabular Coverage: Does It Protect the Cartilage in the Dysplastic Hip? Arthroscopy 2022; 38:385-393. [PMID: 33964389 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to confirm the relationship between osseous coverage and labral size and to investigate the severity of intra-articular damage in borderline dysplastic hips in correlation to labral size. METHODS Patients treated with primary hip arthroscopy for symptomatic labral tears between 2010 and 2018 were considered for this study. Patients were included if they had preoperative radiographic measures and intraoperative assessments of the labra and cartilage. The study group was divided into borderline dysplastic and nondysplastic groups via 3 measurements: lateral center edge angle (LCEA), acetabular index (Ax), and anterior center edge angle (ACEA). Undercoverage was defined as LCEA ≤ 25°, Ax ≥ 10°, and ACEA ≤ 20°. The labrum was measured in four quadrants: anterosuperior (AS), anteroinferior (AI), posterosuperior (PS), and posteroinferior (PI). Additionally, to assess cartilage damage in borderline dysplastic hips, hips with average labral size in the top quartile were compared to hips with average labral size in the bottom quartile. RESULTS A total of 1765 hips (1589 patients) were included in the study. The mean LCEA, Ax, and ACEA between the borderline dysplastic and nondysplastic groups were significantly different (P < .001). According to the Ax classification, there was significant evidence that borderline dysplastic hips had larger labra (P < .05). Among the dysplastic group, there was significantly more cartilage damage according to the Outerbridge classifications along both the acetabulum and femoral head in hips with labra in the upper quartile (P =.011 and .005, respectively). CONCLUSION An inverse relationship may exist between acetabular depth and labral size. Additionally, specifically in borderline dysplastic hips, a relatively large labrum correlates with worse intra-articular damage compared to borderline dysplastic hips with a relatively small labrum. Larger labral size may indicate a higher degree of instability in patients with borderline dysplasia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Shapira
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey W Chen
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell B Meghpara
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois; American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois; American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S.A..
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20
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Monahan PF, Jimenez AE, Owens JS, Saks BR, Maldonado DR, Ankem HK, Sabetian PW, Lall AC, Domb BG. Revision Hip Arthroscopy in High-Level Athletes: Minimum 2-Year Outcomes Comparison to a Propensity-Matched Primary Hip Arthroscopy Control Group. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:3582-3591. [PMID: 34591692 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211041760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes of revision hip arthroscopy in the athletic population have not been well established. PURPOSE (1) To report clinical outcomes for high-level athletes undergoing revision hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) or labral tears and (2) to compare these outcomes against a propensity-matched group of high-level athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopy. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Data for professional, college, and high school athletes were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed between January 2012 and October 2018. Patients were included if they underwent revision or primary hip arthroscopy and had preoperative and minimum 2-year patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores for modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score Sports-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. The findings and outcomes of revision athletes were compared with a propensity-matched control group of high-level athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopy. RESULTS A total of 32 hips (29 patients) undergoing revision hip arthroscopy and 92 hips (88 patients) undergoing primary hip arthroscopy were included in our final analysis with a median follow-up time of 29.5 months (95% CI, 27.2-32.1 months) and 36.5 months (95% CI, 33.5-37.7 months), respectively. Athletes undergoing revision surgery showed significant improvement in all recorded PRO measurements and achieved patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for mHHS at high rates (80.6% and 83.9%, respectively). When compared with a propensity-matched primary control group, patients undergoing revision surgery demonstrated lower preoperative and postoperative scores for mHHS, NAHS, and HOS-SSS, but the magnitude of improvement in functional scores was similar between groups. Athletes undergoing revision surgery achieved PASS for HOS-SSS at lower rates than the control group (P = .005), and they were less likely to attempt to return to sport compared with the control group (62.5% vs 87.0%; P < .01). CONCLUSION Revision hip arthroscopy is a viable treatment option to improve PROs in high-level athletes at minimum 2-year follow-up. The study group showed significant improvement in functional scores and a high rate of successful outcomes. They experienced similar magnitude of improvement as that of a propensity-matched control group; however, they achieved lower postoperative PRO scores and attempted to return to sport at lower rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Monahan
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew E Jimenez
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jade S Owens
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin R Saks
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Hari K Ankem
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Payam W Sabetian
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Intraoperative Computer Vision Integrated Interactive Fluoroscopy Correlates With Successful Femoroplasty on Clinic-Based Radiographs. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:3371-3382. [PMID: 33957216 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively evaluate computer vision interface (CVI)-guided femoroplasty in the arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and compare those results with traditional unguided resections. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome between July 2019 and October 2019 were evaluated. Cases with CVI were identified along with controls, consisting of patients from the same study period who underwent surgery without the CVI and were balanced for age, sex, laterality, and preoperative alpha angles. Alpha angles were measured on pre- and postoperative clinic radiographs, as well as intraoperatively for the CVI group. Cam resections were quantified by measuring pre- and postresection alpha angles and compared between groups. The correlation between CVI views and office-based radiographs was assessed, and the 3 CVI views that best correlated with each of the 3 standard clinic radiographs were evaluated for accuracy and performance in detection of cam deformity with alpha angle ≥48° with the clinic-based films as the reference. RESULTS A total of 49 patients (51 hips) (average age, 28.7; 33 female patients) in the CVI group, and 51 patients (51 hips) (average age: 29.9; 35 female patients) in the control group. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age, sex, laterality, or preoperative alpha angle (all P > .05). Significant alpha angle reduction occurred on all intraoperative and postoperative clinic views (all P < .01). The CVI views that best correlated with the clinic radiographs were 11:45 with the anteroposterior (ρ = 0.588, P = .0025), 12:30 with the Dunn lateral (ρ = 0.632, P = .0009), and 1:45 with the false-profile (ρ = 0.575, P = .0033). Greater reliability was observed with 12:30/Dunn (accuracy = 83.33%, P < .0001; sensitivity = 77.14%; specificity = 87.76%) and 1:45/false-profile (accuracy = 82.35%, P = .0051; sensitivity = 81.82%; specificity = 82.61%) than with 11:45/anteroposterior (accuracy = 69.15%, P = .0077; sensitivity = 56.10%; specificity = 79.25%). CONCLUSIONS CVI-guided cam resection results in successful resection of proximal femur cam lesions and represents a femoroplasty templating method that does not require preoperative computed tomography imaging or additional invasive intraoperative referencing modules. The accuracy and adequacy of this resection was validated by comparison with routine clinic radiographs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III: retrospective comparative analysis.
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Häller TV, Schenk P, Jud L, Hoch A, Götschi T, Zingg PO. Consistency of 3D femoral torsion measurement from MRI compared to CT gold standard. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:739. [PMID: 34454445 PMCID: PMC8403345 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several hip and knee pathologies are associated with aberrant femoral torsion. Diagnostic workup includes computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For three-dimensional (3D) analysis of complex deformities it would be desirable to measure femoral torsion from MRI data to avoid ionizing radiation of CT in a young patient population. 3D measurement of femoral torsion from MRI has not yet been compared to measurements from CT images. We hypothesize that agreement will exist between MRI and CT 3D measurements of femoral torsion. Methods CT and MRI data from 29 hips of 15 patients with routine diagnostic workup for suspected femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) were used to generate 3D bone models. 3D measurement of femoral torsion was performed by two independent readers using the method of Kim et al. which is validated for CT. Inter-modalitiy and inter-reader intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Results Between MRI and CT 3D measurements an ICC of 0.950 (0.898; 0.976) (reader 1) respectively 0.950 (0.897; 0.976) (Reader 2) was found. The ICC (95% CI) expressing the inter-reader reliability for both modalities was 0.945 (0.886; 0.973) for MRI and 0.957 (0.910; 0.979) for CT, respectively. Mean difference between CT and MRI measurement was 0.42° (MRI – CT, SD: 2.77°, p = 0.253). Conclusions There was consistency between 3D measurements of femoral torsion between computer rendered MRI images compared to measurements with the “gold standard” of CT images. ICC for inter-modality and inter-reader consistency indicate excellent reliability. Accurate, reliable and reproducible 3D measurement of femoral torsion is possible from MRI images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vincent Häller
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Schenk
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Jud
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Armando Hoch
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Götschi
- Computer Assisted Research and Development Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Oliver Zingg
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Jimenez AE, Fox JD, Miecznikowski K, Maldonado DR, Saks BR, Ankem HK, Sabetian PW, Lall AC, Domb BG. Limited lumbopelvic mobility does not influence short-term outcomes after primary hip arthroscopy: a propensity-matched controlled study. J Hip Preserv Surg 2021; 8:177-184. [PMID: 35145715 PMCID: PMC8825469 DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of literature investigating the effect of lumbopelvic mobility on patient-reported outcome scores (PROs) after primary hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was (i) to report minimum 1-year PROs in patients with limited lumbopelvic mobility (LM) who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and (ii) to compare clinical results with a propensity-matched control group of patients with normal lumbopelvic mobility (NM). Data were reviewed for surgeries performed between November 2019 and March 2020. Patients were considered eligible if they received a primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS in the setting of LM (seated to standing change in sacral slope ≤ 10°). LM patients were propensity-matched to a control group of patients with normal lumbopelvic motion (seated to standing change in sacral slope > 10°) for comparison. A total of 17 LM and 34 propensity-matched NM patients were included in the study. LM patients showed significant improvement in all outcome measures and achieved the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) at high rates for modified Harris Hip Score (MCID: 94% and PASS: 82%) and International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12; MCID: 94% and iHOT-12: 76%). When LM patients were compared to a propensity-matched control group of NM patients, they demonstrated similar postoperative PROs and rates of achieving MCID/PASS. LM patients who undergo primary hip arthroscopy may expect favorable short-term PROs at minimum 1-year follow-up. These results were comparable to a control group of NM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Jimenez
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
| | - James D Fox
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin R Saks
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
- AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL 60169, USA
| | - Hari K Ankem
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
| | - Payam W Sabetian
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
- AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL 60169, USA
- American Hip Institute, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
- AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL 60169, USA
- American Hip Institute, Chicago, IL 60018, USA
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Ina J, Raji Y, Strony JT, Su C, Nho S, Salata MJ. The Role of Imaging in Femoroacetabular Impingement: History, Current Practices, and Future Applications. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202108000-00008. [PMID: 34415885 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is one of the most common causes of early hip articular cartilage wear and labral damage, and subsequently leads to the onset of hip osteoarthritis. » Cam-type FAI impingement lesions can be best identified with a 90° Dunn lateral radiograph and a cross-table lateral radiograph with 15° of internal rotation; the alpha angle and the femoral head-neck offset are the most used predictive radiographic markers. » FAI lesions with pincer impingement are associated with acetabular retroversion and are more difficult to identify on traditional radiographic imaging; however, the presence of a crossover sign, an ischial spine sign, and/or a posterior wall sign can be useful radiographic markers. » Advanced imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) can also be beneficial in the evaluation of FAI and labral pathology; MRA is more sensitive than MRI in detecting intra-articular pathology. » Computer-assisted navigation for preoperative planning and intraoperative surgical assistance are promising technologies; however, additional studies are needed before they can be utilized safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yazdan Raji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John T Strony
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charles Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shane Nho
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael J Salata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Hoch A, Schenk P, Jentzsch T, Rahm S, Zingg PO. FAI morphology increases the risk for osteoarthritis in young people with a minimum follow-up of 25 years. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021; 141:1175-1181. [PMID: 32601879 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mechanical conflict in symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement can lead to early osteoarthritis. However, radiographic impingement morphology is often seen in asymptomatic individuals. Long-term observation regarding the risk of developing osteoarthritis in these individuals is lacking. Our study addressed the following questions: Does femoroacetabular impingement morphology increase the risk for development of osteoarthritis after at least 25 years? If yes, which radiographic parameter is the most predictive? Does the level of activity influence the risk for development of osteoarthritis? Are PROM influenced by the grade of osteoarthritis in this population? METHODS We investigated 51 (32 male, 19 female) patients for whom AP pelvis and Dunn view radiographs were available with a minimum follow-up of 25 years. Alpha angle in AP pelvis and Dunn view radiographs, femoral torsion in Dunn view, lateral center edge angle, cross-over sign, posterior wall sign and prominence of ischial spine sign in AP pelvis radiographs were determined. On the follow-up radiographs, osteoarthritis was graded. Tegner Score for the time of the index radiograph was evaluated. Harris Hip Score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index were assessed at latest follow-up. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 43 years (range 25-58). Cam impingement morphology showed to increase the risk for development of osteoarthritis: Alpha angles of ≥ 55° on AP pelvis and Dunn view radiographs were associated risk factors and showed an OR of 1.05 (p = 0.002) and 1.10 (p = 0.001), respectively. Abnormal femoral torsion and acetabular retroversion were not risk factors for osteoarthritis. Tegner Score at index presentation, HHS and WOMAC Score did not correlate with the grade of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION This study showed that cam impingement morphology in young patients raises the risk for development of hip osteoarthritis by 5-10% in a long-term follow-up with a minimum of 25 years, thus its contribution was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Hoch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Jentzsch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Rahm
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick O Zingg
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Jimenez AE, Monahan PF, Miecznikowski KB, Saks BR, Ankem HK, Sabetian PW, Lall AC, Domb BG. Achieving Successful Outcomes in High-Level Athletes With Borderline Hip Dysplasia Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Capsular Plication and Labral Preservation: A Propensity-Matched Controlled Study. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2447-2456. [PMID: 34156875 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Return to sports (RTS) rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy in athletes with borderline dysplasia (BD) have not been established. PURPOSE (1) To report minimum 2-year PROs and RTS rates in high-level athletes with BD who underwent hip arthroscopy for labral pathology in the setting of microinstability and (2) to compare clinical results with those of a matched control group of athletes with normal acetabular coverage. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Data were reviewed for surgery performed between January 2012 and July 2018. Patients were considered eligible if they received a primary hip arthroscopy in the setting of BD (lateral center-edge angle, 18°-25°) and competed in professional, collegiate, or high school sports. Inclusion criteria included preoperative and minimum 2-year follow-up scores for the modified Harris Hip Score, Non-arthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale for pain. Athletes with BD were matched to a control group of athletes with normal acetabular coverage (lateral center-edge angle, 25°-40°). RESULTS A total of 65 patients with BD were included in the study with a mean ± standard deviation follow-up of 47.5 ± 20.4 months. Athletes with BD showed significant improvement in all outcome measures recorded, demonstrated high RTS rates (80.7%), and achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for the Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale at high rates (MCID, 90.8%; PASS, 75.4%). When compared with a propensity-matched control group with normal acetabular coverage, capsular plication was performed more commonly in the BD group (93.8% vs 82.7%; P = .037). PROs and RTS, PASS, and MCID rates were similar between the BD and control groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION High-level athletes with BD who undergo primary hip arthroscopy for labral pathology in the setting of microinstability may expect favorable PROs and RTS rates at minimum 2-year follow-up. These results were comparable with those of a control group of athletes with normal coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Jimenez
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter F Monahan
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Benjamin R Saks
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Hari K Ankem
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Payam W Sabetian
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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27
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Annin S, Lall AC, Meghpara MB, Maldonado DR, Shapira J, Rosinsky PJ, Ankem HK, Domb BG. Intraoperative Classification System Yields Favorable Outcomes for Patients Treated Surgically for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:2123-2136. [PMID: 33581305 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use a prospectively collected database to internally validate a previously published intraoperative classification system by determining its utility in improving patient-reported outcome scores (PROS). METHODS Open or endoscopic procedures performed at a single center between February 2008 and March 2018 with minimum 2-year follow-up were reviewed. Patients were prospectively classified intraoperatively as one of five greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) types according to the Lall GTPS classification system and underwent one of the six following surgical procedures: trochanteric bursectomy (TB, type I); TB with trochanteric micropuncture (type II); endoscopic suture staple repair (type IIIA); endoscopic single row transtendinous repair (type IIIB); open or endoscopic double row repair (type IV); and gluteus maximus/tensor fasciae latae transfers (type V). The following PROS were analyzed to assess the efficacy of treatment and validity of the classification scheme: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score, The International Hip Outcome Tool, Hip Outcome Score-Sport-Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale for pain. RESULTS In total, 324 patients (287 female, 37 male) underwent surgical management per GTPS classification type: 109 type I; 26 type II; 20 type IIIA; 118 type IIIB; 44 type IV; and 7 type V. The mean age and follow-up time were 51.9 ± 12.5 years and 44.5 ± 20.5 months, respectively. All patients PROS improved from baseline to minimum 2-year follow-up (P < .05). High rates of the minimal clinically important difference for mHHS (70.0-100.0) and Nonarthritic Hip Score (73.1-92.7) and patient acceptable symptomatic state for mHHS (70.0-94.5) and International Hip Outcome Tool (58.1-86.7) were achieved per GTPS type. Patient satisfaction was 7.9/10. CONCLUSIONS This validation study supports that the classification system and treatment algorithm for surgical treatment of various GTPS types leads to favorable patient-reported outcomes. These findings provide surgeons with a validated classification system and treatment algorithm to manage peritrochantric pathology diagnosed intraoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Annin
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago; American Hip Institute, Chicago; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Mitchell B Meghpara
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Hari K Ankem
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago; American Hip Institute, Chicago; AMITA Health St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S.A..
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Kruithoff ML, McGrory BJ. The Value of the Direct Lateral Hip Radiograph in an Adult Reconstruction Practice. Arthroplast Today 2021; 8:29-34. [PMID: 33681437 PMCID: PMC7917408 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specialty evaluation of hip pain, stiffness, and/or dysfunction usually includes patient history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. Radiographic views of the hip are not standardized, and basic studies may include an anteroposterior pelvis, anteroposterior hip, frog lateral, and direct lateral of the hip. In this article, we discuss the importance of obtaining a direct lateral radiograph of the hip in all patients being evaluated by a specialist for hip pain and its value in hip arthroplasty care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L. Kruithoff
- Department of Joint Replacements, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J. McGrory
- Corresponding author. Maine Medical Center, 5 Bucknam Road, Suite 1D, Falmouth, ME 04105, USA. Tel.: +1 207 838 5680.
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29
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Fioruzzi A, Acerbi A, Jannelli E, Ivone A, Fontana A. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of a new radiological classification for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Musculoskelet Surg 2020; 104:279-284. [PMID: 31363929 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-019-00618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiological evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement is based on single-plane parameters such as the alpha angle or the center edge angle, or complex software reconstruction. A new simple classification for cam and pincer morphologies, based on a two-plane radiological evaluation, is presented in this study. The determination of the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of this new classification is the purpose of this study. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the three-view hip study in patient undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrome between October 2015 and April 2016. Any case having protrusio acetabuli, coxa profunda or which has undergone previous osteotomic surgery was excluded. Five observers used our proposed classification to identify three different stages for the cam and pincer morphologies. Inter- and intraobserver agreement of classification was determined using average pairwise Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULTS The interobserver agreement for the pincer and cam morphologies was excellent. For the pincer morphology classification, the average Kappa agreement was 0.838 (range 0.764-0.944). For the cam morphology, the average pairwise Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.846 (range 0.734-0.929). The intraobserver agreement was excellent as well. The average percent pairwise agreement was 0.870 and 0.845 for pincer and cam type, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The new classification system shows excellent levels of inter- and intraobserver agreement for both deformities. This classification is demonstrated to be a useful tool in planning hip arthroscopy. Further studies are needed to correlate the classification itself with specific intraoperative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fioruzzi
- Hip Department, Orthopedics and Trauma, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Acerbi
- C.O.F. Lanzo Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - E Jannelli
- Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Ivone
- Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Scorcelletti M, Reeves ND, Rittweger J, Ireland A. Femoral anteversion: significance and measurement. J Anat 2020; 237:811-826. [PMID: 32579722 PMCID: PMC7542196 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Femoral neck anteversion (FNA) is the angle between the femoral neck and femoral shaft, indicating the degree of torsion of the femur. Differences in FNA affect the biomechanics of the hip, through alterations in factors such as moment arm lengths and joint loading. Altered gait associated with differences in FNA may also contribute to the development of a wide range of skeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. FNA varies by up to 30° within apparently healthy adults. FNA increases substantially during gestation and thereafter decreases steadily until maturity. There is some evidence of a further decrease at a much lower rate during adulthood into old age, but the mechanisms behind it have never been studied. Development of FNA appears to be strongly influenced by mechanical forces experienced during everyday movements. This is evidenced by large differences in FNA in groups where movement is impaired, such as children born breech or individuals with neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy. Several methods can be used to assess FNA, which may yield different values by up to 20° in the same participant. While MRI and CT are used clinically, limitations such as their cost, scanning time and exposure to ionising radiation limit their applicability in longitudinal and population studies, particularly in children. More broadly, applicable measures such as ultrasound and functional tests exist, but they are limited by poor reliability and validity. These issues highlight the need for a valid and reliable universally accepted method. Treatment for clinically problematic FNA is usually de-rotational osteotomy; passive, non-operative methods do not have any effect. Despite observational evidence for the effects of physical activity on FNA development, the efficacy of targeted physical activity remains unexplored. The aim of this review is to describe the biomechanical and clinical consequences of FNA, factors influencing FNA and the strengths and weaknesses of different methods used to assess FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Scorcelletti
- Department of Life SciencesResearch Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports MedicineManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Neil D. Reeves
- Department of Life SciencesResearch Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports MedicineManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace MedicineGerman Aerospace Center (DLR)CologneGermany
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Alex Ireland
- Department of Life SciencesResearch Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports MedicineManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
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31
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Geijer M, Kiernan S, Sundberg M, Flivik G. Pre- and postoperative offset and femoral neck version measurements and validation using 3D computed tomography in total hip arthroplasty. Acta Radiol Open 2020; 9:2058460120964911. [PMID: 33101707 PMCID: PMC7549166 DOI: 10.1177/2058460120964911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Restoration of a correct biomechanical situation after total hip arthroplasty is important. Purpose To evaluate proximal femoral symmetry of acetabular and femoral offset and femoral neck anteversion pre- and postoperatively in hip arthroplasty by semi-automated 3D-CT and to validate the software measurements by inter- and intraobserver agreement calculations. Material and Methods In low-dose CT on 71 patients before and after unilateral total hip arthroplasty, two observers used a digital 3D templating software to measure acetabular offset, true and functional femoral offset, and femoral neck anteversion. Observer agreements were calculated using intraclass correlation. Hip measurements were compared in each patient and between pre- and postoperative measurements. Results Preoperatively, acetabular offset (2.4 mm), true (2.2 mm), and functional global offset (2.7 mm) were significantly larger on the osteoarthritic side without side-to-side differences for true and functional femoral offset or femoral neck anteversion. Postoperatively, acetabular offset was significantly smaller on the operated side (2.1 mm) with a concomitantly increased true (2.5 mm) and functional femoral offset (1.5 mm), resulting in symmetric true and functional global offsets. There were no differences in postoperative femoral neck anteversion. Inter- and intraobserver agreements were near-perfect, ranging between 0.92 and 0.98 with narrow confidence intervals (0.77-0.98 to 0.94-0.99). Conclusion Acetabular and concomitantly global offset are generally increased in hip osteoarthritis. Postoperative acetabular offset was reduced, and femoral offset increased to maintain global offset. 3D measurements were reproducible with near-perfect observer agreements. 3D data sets should be used for pre- and postoperative measurements in hip arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Geijer
- Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sverrir Kiernan
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Sundberg
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Flivik
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Domb BG, Annin S, Chen JW, Kyin C, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Meghpara MB, Lall AC, Shapira J. Optimal Treatment of Cam Morphology May Change the Natural History of Femoroacetabular Impingement. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:2887-2896. [PMID: 32900209 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520949541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is debate in the literature whether cam morphology is associated with increased risk for hip osteoarthritis. The capability of femoroplasty to alter the natural history of cam morphology is still in question. PURPOSE To (1) investigate the correlation between cam morphology and damage to the articular cartilage and (2) assess whether correction of the cam morphology affects survivorship of the joint, progression to arthroplasty, and functional patient-reported outcome scores. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Data were prospectively collected for patients presenting for hip arthroscopy between February 2008 and April 2017. Cases were divided into 3 groups: control group with an alpha angle <50° pre- and postoperatively, treated group with an alpha angle >55° preoperatively and <50° postoperatively, and a group with an alpha angle >55° pre- and postoperatively. All patients had minimum 2-year postoperative follow-up for the modified Harris Hip Score, the Non-arthritic Hip Score, and visual analog scale for pain. Conversion to total hip arthroplasty was recorded. RESULTS A 1:1:1 match successfully yielded 98 hips for each group. Follow-up time was 50.77 ± 24.60 months (mean ± SD). The pre- and postoperative mean alpha angles were 45.2°± 3.4° and 40.6°± 4.3° in the control group, respectively; 66.2°± 8.4° and 42.3°± 5.9° in the treated group; and 68.5°± 9.4° and 61.4°± 7.6° in the alpha >55° group. Intraoperatively, the alpha >55° and treated groups had greater acetabular cartilage damage than the control group (P = .0245 and P = .0036, acetabular labrum articular disruption, respectively; P = .0347 and P = .0211, acetabular Outerbridge). The alpha >55° group achieved the patient acceptable symptomatic state for the modified Harris Hip Score (58.2%) significantly less than the treated (75.5%; P = .0100) and control (73.5%; P = .0239) groups. Progression to arthroplasty was significantly higher in the alpha >55° group (n = 17) when compared with the control (n = 8) and treated (n = 10) groups (P = .0034 and P = .0338, respectively). CONCLUSION Cam deformity was associated with higher-grade damage of the acetabular articular cartilage. An alpha angle >55° after surgery was associated with lower native hip joint survivability and less successful functional outcomes when compared with that of treated cam deformity as well as no deformity. These data suggest that correcting the cam deformity may positively affect the natural history of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Shawn Annin
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Chen
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cynthia Kyin
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip J Rosinsky
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David R Maldonado
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mitchell B Meghpara
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,AMITA Health St Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob Shapira
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Brinkman JC, Domb BG, Krych AJ, Levy BA, Makovicka JL, Neville M, Hartigan DE. Is Labral Size Predictive of Failure With Repair in Hip Arthroscopy? Arthroscopy 2020; 36:2147-2157. [PMID: 32353623 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether labral size is predictive of labral repair failure or shows an association with patient outcomes after hip arthroscopy. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent arthroscopic hip labral repair. Labral size was measured in 4 quadrants with an arthroscopic probe. The average size across torn labral segments was assessed for failure as determined by the change in patient-reported outcomes, the rate at which subjects achieved the minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptomatic state, and the need for additional surgery. Outcomes were evaluated for any continuous correlation as well as significant differences between the middle 50% of labral sizes and classes of labral sizes derived from upper and lower quartile and decile ranges. Included hips were those from patients aged between 18 and 55 years with 2-year postoperative follow-up and lateral center-edge angles between 25° and 40°. RESULTS The study included 571 hips. Labral width did not show a significant difference between hips requiring revision and those not requiring revision (P = .4054). No significant correlation was found between labral width and the change in the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 score (R2 = 0.05780), modified Harris Hip Score (R2 = 0.19826), or Nonarthritic Hip Score (R2 = 0.23543) from preoperatively to 2 years postoperatively. Hips with labral sizes in the upper decile of our cohort showed significantly decreased improvement in the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 score (P = .0287) and Nonarthritic Hip Score (P = .0490) compared with the middle 50% of labral sizes. No statistically significant difference was found in the rate at which the groups achieved the minimal clinically important difference or patient acceptable symptomatic state. CONCLUSIONS Hypertrophic labra in the largest 10th percentile showed lower postoperative outcome scores. However, no detectable clinical benefit was found in terms of patient-perceived clinical difference or acceptable symptomatic state. For most patients, labral size does not appear to significantly alter patient outcomes or the need for arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Brinkman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | | | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Bruce A Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Justin L Makovicka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Matthew Neville
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
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Lall AC, Secretov E, Battaglia MR, Maldonado DR, Perets I, Domb BG. Effect of alcohol consumption on patient-reported outcomes in hip arthroscopy: a matched controlled study with minimum 2-year follow-up. Hip Int 2020; 30:457-468. [PMID: 31167582 DOI: 10.1177/1120700019853554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a paucity of literature examining the effects of alcohol consumption on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to report 2-year outcomes of hip arthroscopy in patients who consume alcohol compared to patients who abstain. METHODS Registry data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed to identify heavy drinkers at the time of primary hip arthroscopy. Patients were matched 1:1 (heavy drinkers:non-drinkers) based on age, sex, BMI, acetabular Outerbridge grade, and capsular treatment. All patients were assessed with 4 validated PROs: mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12. Pain was estimated with VAS. RESULTS 42 patients were pair matched in each group (heavy drinkers:non-drinkers). Both groups demonstrated significant improvement for all PROs and VAS. Heavy drinkers reported lesser improvement in HOS-SSS (p = 0.0169), smaller decrease in VAS (p = 0.0157), and lower final scores on iHOT-12 (p = 0.0302), SF-12 mental (p = 0.0086), and VR-12 mental (p = 0.0151). Significantly fewer patients in the heavy-drinking group reached PASS for mHHS (p = 0.0464). Odds of achieving PASS for mHHS was 2.5 times higher for patients who abstain from alcohol. The rates of revision hip arthroscopy and conversion to total hip arthroplasty were not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION While hip arthroscopy may still yield clinical benefit in drinkers, patients who consume heavy amounts of alcohol may ultimately achieve an inferior functional status and should be counselled on drinking cessation to optimise their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Itay Perets
- Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Camathias C, Ammann E, Meier RL, Rutz E, Vavken P, Studer K. Recurrent patellar dislocations in adolescents result in decreased knee flexion during the entire gait cycle. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:2053-2066. [PMID: 32130443 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the kinematics/kinetics of the ankle, knee, hip in the sagittal plane in adolescents with recurrent patellar dislocation in comparison to a healthy control. METHODS Case-control study. Eighty-eight knees (67 patients) with recurrent patellar dislocation (mean age 14.8 years ± 2.8 SD) were compared to 54 healthy knees (27 individuals, 14.9 years ± 2.4 SD). Kinematics/kinetics of ankle, knee, hip, and pelvis were captured using 3D-gait analysis (VICON, 12 cameras, 200 Hz, Plug-in-Gait, two force plates). One cycle (100%) consisted of 51 data-points. The mean of six trials was computed. RESULTS The loading-response increased by 0.02 s ± 0.01SE (10.8%) with dislocations (0.98% of total gait, P < 0.01). The mid-stance-phase decreased equally (P < 0.01). Dislocation decreased knee flexion during the entire gait cycle (P < 0.01), with the largest difference during mid-stance (9.0° ± 7.2 SD vs. 18.5° ± 6.7 SD). Dislocation increased plantar-flexion during loading response 4.1° ± 0.4 SE with (P < 0.01), afterward, the dorsal-extension decreased 3.2° ± 0.3 SE, (P < 0.01). Dislocation decreased hip flexion during all phases (P < 0.01). Maximal difference: 7.5° ± 0.5 SE during mid-stance. 80% of all patients developed this gait pattern. Internal moments of the ankle increased, of the knee and hip decreased during the first part of stance. CONCLUSION Recurrent patellar dislocation decreases knee flexion during the loading-response and mid-stance phase. A decreased hip flexion and increased plantar-flexion, while adjusting internal moments, indicate a compensation mechanism. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Camathias
- Praxis Zeppelin, Brauerstrasse 95, 9016, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Basel Medical School, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Elias Ammann
- Basel Medical School, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.,Kantonsspital Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Rahel L Meier
- Basel Medical School, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Rutz
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children's Hospital Basle (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Basel Medical School, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vavken
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,ADUS Klinik, Breitestrasse 11, 8157, Dielsdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Studer
- Praxis Zeppelin, Brauerstrasse 95, 9016, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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36
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Maldonado DR, Chen JW, Kyin C, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Karom JM, Lall AC, Domb BG. Hips With Acetabular Retroversion Can Be Safely Treated With Advanced Arthroscopic Techniques Without Anteverting Periacetabular Osteotomy: Midterm Outcomes With Propensity-Matched Control Group. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:1636-1646. [PMID: 32407160 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520916737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different options, from reverse (anteverting) periacetabular osteotomy to hip arthroscopy, have been proposed for surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) in the setting of acetabular retroversion. PURPOSE (1) To report and analyze midterm patient-reported outcome scores (PROs) in patients with FAIS and labral tears in the setting of acetabular retroversion after isolated hip arthroscopy and (2) to compare these PROs with those of a propensity-matched control group without acetabular retroversion. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Prospectively collected data were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS and labral tear treatment between June 2008 and March 2014. Inclusion criteria were as follows: acetabular retroversion, pre- and postoperative PROs for modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Scale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS). Propensity score matching was utilized to identify a control group without acetabular retroversion matched 1:1 with similar age, sex, body mass index, acetabular and femoral head Outerbridge grade, preoperative lateral center-edge angle, and labral treatment. Patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and/or minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the mHHS, HOS-SSS, International Hip Outcome Tool-12, and VAS was calculated. RESULTS A total of 205 hips with acetabular retroversion were matched to a control group. The groups showed no difference in demographic variables. The retroversion group was composed of 139 female and 66 male hips, with a mean ± SD age of 23.81 ± 7.28 years and follow-up time of 65.24 ± 20.31 months. Intraoperative diagnostic data and procedures performed were similar between groups, except more femoroplasties were performed in the retroversion group. Significant improvements for the mHHS, Non-arthritic Hip Score, HOS-SSS, and VAS were seen for both groups at a mean 5-year follow-up. The proportion of patients who reached the PASS and MCID were similar. CONCLUSION In the setting of FAIS and labral tears, patients with acetabular retroversion can be safely treated with advanced hip arthroscopic techniques without reverse (anteverting) periacetabular osteotomy in a high-volume surgeon's hands. Patients with acetabular retroversion demonstrated favorable PROs at midterm follow-up. Furthermore, the proportion of patients reaching the MCID and PASS for several PROs were comparable with those of a propensity-matched control group without acetabular retroversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery W Chen
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cynthia Kyin
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
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Maldonado DR, Chen JW, Yelton MJ, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Brayboy C, Lall AC, Domb BG. Achieving Successful Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in the Setting of Generalized Ligamentous Laxity With Labral Preservation and Appropriate Capsular Management: A Propensity Matched Controlled Study. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:1625-1635. [PMID: 32374634 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520914604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association among generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL), hip microinstability, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy has yet to be completely established. PURPOSES (1) To report minimum 2-year PROs in patients with GLL who underwent hip arthroscopy in the setting of symptomatic labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and (2) to compare clinical results with a matched-pair control group without GLL. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Data from a prospectively collected database were retrospectively reviewed between August 2014 and December 2016. Patients were considered eligible if they received primary arthroscopic treatment for symptomatic labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement. Inclusion criteria included preoperative and minimum 2-year follow-up scores for the following PROs: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog scale for pain (VAS). From the sample population, 2 groups were created: the GLL group (Beighton score ≥4) and the control group (Beighton score <4). Patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio via propensity score matching according to age, sex, body mass index, Tönnis grade, and preoperative lateral center-edge angle. Patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for mHHS, Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Scale (HOS-SSS), and International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 57 patients with GLL were matched to 88 control patients. Age, sex, body mass index, and follow-up times were not different between groups (P > .05). Preoperative radiographic measurements demonstrated no difference between groups. Intraoperative findings and procedures between groups were similar except for capsular treatment, with the GLL group receiving a greater percentage of capsular plications (P = .04). At minimum 2-year follow-up, both groups showed significant improvement in PROs and VAS (P < .001). Furthermore, the postoperative PROs at minimum 2-year follow-up and the magnitude of improvement (delta value) were similar between groups for mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS (P > .05). Moreover, groups reached comparable rates of MCID and PASS for mHHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12. CONCLUSION Patients with GLL after hip arthroscopy for symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears may expect favorable outcomes with appropriate labral and capsular management at minimum 2-year follow-up. When compared with a pair-matched control group without GLL, results were comparable for mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS and reached PASS and/or MCID for mHHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Maldonado
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffery W Chen
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mitchell J Yelton
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip J Rosinsky
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob Shapira
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Ciaran Brayboy
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
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β-Angles of hips with femoroacetabular impingement versus asymptomatic normal hips in a Japanese population: A CT-based observational clinical study. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:261-266. [PMID: 31153739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beta angle (β-angle)-although used to assess femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)-has not been well evaluated. This study aimed to measure the β-angle on multiradial computed tomography (CT) slice images of both hips with symptomatic FAI and asymptomatic normal hips to determine its optimal cutoff value for detecting FAI in a Japanese population. METHODS CT was performed with each subject supine. The β-angle was measured on seven radial slices (designated R0, R15, R30, R45, R60, R75, R90) that were generated at 15° intervals from the oblique axial slice through the center of the femoral neck. An a priori power analysis was performed. The measurements were made in 20 FAI hips (FAI group) and 23 asymptomatic normal hips (ANH group). Cutoff values were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The mean β-angles of the FAI and ANH groups at R0, R15, R30, R45, R60, R75, and R90° were, respectively, 73.6° and 84.2°, 66.0° and 79.3°, 57.2° and 69.2°, 48.1° and 63.1°, 46.7° and 62.5°, 50.0° and 63.7°, and 53.7° and 65.9°. For all slices, the β-angle was significantly smaller in the FAI group than the ANH group. The optimal β-angle cutoff values for diagnosing FAI at R0, R15, R30, R45, R60, R75, and R90 were 73.9°, 70.2°, 61.4°, 55.7°, 53.6°, 59.4°, and 60.9°, respectively. The respective specificities and sensitivities of the cutoff values at R0, R15, R30, R45, R60, R75, and R90 were 78.3% and 65.0%, 82.6% and 70.0%, 73.9% and 60.0%, 73.9% and 75.0%, 95.7% and 75.0%, 69.6% and 95.0%, and 78.3% and 80.0%. CONCLUSIONS In all radial slices, the β-angle was significantly smaller in the hips with symptomatic FAI than in the asymptomatic normal hips. The most useful cutoff value for diagnosing FAI was a β-angle of 53.6° at R60.
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Westberry DE, Carpenter AM. 3D Modeling of Lower Extremities With Biplanar Radiographs: Reliability of Measures on Subsequent Examinations. J Pediatr Orthop 2020; 39:521-526. [PMID: 31599863 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biplanar radiography with 3-dimensional (3D) modeling (EOS) provides a comprehensive assessment of lower limb alignment in an upright weight-bearing position with less radiation than conventional radiography. A study was performed to assess the consistency and reliability of 2 lower extremity 3D biplanar radiograph models created at least 1 year apart in a pediatric population. METHODS All patients who had 2 lower extremity radiographic evaluations with EOS performed at visits a minimum of 1 year apart were reviewed. Digital radiographs, of lower extremities in both frontal and sagittal planes, were acquired simultaneously, using the EOS system. The 3D reconstruction of the images was achieved utilizing the SterEOS software. Pelvic position, femoral and tibial anatomy, and the torsional profile were evaluated and compared using t tests. RESULTS In total, 53 patients with a mean age of 11.7 years (range, 6.1 to 18.9 y) met inclusion criteria. When comparing 3D models between visits, minimal differences were noted in proximal femoral anatomy and pelvic alignment (pelvic incidence, sacral slope, sagittal tilt, neck shaft angle). Expected differences in femoral and tibial length corresponded with normal longitudinal growth between visits. Sagittal plane knee position varied widely between examinations. Femoral and/or tibial rotational osteotomies were performed in 37% of extremities between examinations. After femoral derotational osteotomy, a significant difference in femoral anteversion was appreciated when comparing preoperative and postoperative 3D models. However, this difference was less than the expected difference based on the anatomic correction achieved intraoperatively. No differences were noted in tibial torsion measures after tibial derotational osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS The 3D modeling based on biplanar radiographs provides consistent and reliable measures of pelvic and hip joint anatomy of the lower extremity. Patient positioning may influence the reproducibility of knee alignment. The torsional profile assessment did not accurately reflect changes obtained by derotational osteotomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Lall AC, Battaglia MR, Maldonado DR, Perets I, Laseter JR, Go CC, Domb BG. Does Femoral Retroversion Adversely Affect Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome? A Midterm Analysis. Arthroscopy 2019; 35:3035-3046. [PMID: 31629582 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report 5-year outcomes of arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in patients with femoral retroversion compared with a control group of patients with normal femoral anteversion. METHODS Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between August 2008 and April 2013. Patients were included in analysis if they underwent hip arthroscopy during this period and had femoral version ≤0° calculated using magnetic resonance imaging. Exclusion criteria included prior ipsilateral hip conditions/surgeries or Tönnis grade >1. These patients were pair matched with patients having femoral anteversion between 10° and 20° based on gender, body mass index ± 10, and age ± 10 years. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively and annually thereafter. An a priori power analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 59 patients were identified as the experimental group out of 69 eligible for inclusion (86%). All 59 patients were matched, with a mean age of 37.4 years and mean body mass index of 26.9. Twenty patients were female, and 39 were male. These patients demonstrated significant improvement from their preoperative state in all patient-reported outcomes and visual analog score scores (P < .001). Thirty-eight patients met the threshold for minimal clinically important difference, and 35 achieved patient acceptable symptomatic state for the modified Harris Hip Score questionnaire. Seven patients converted to total hip replacement. No differences were noted between retroverted and control patients in any of the outcome measures collected, in pain or satisfaction ratings, in the frequency of or duration to secondary surgeries or in complication rate (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with femoral retroversion demonstrated significantly higher outcomes at minimum 5-year follow-up after undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery. These outcomes were not different from those of patients with normal femoral version. While femoral retroversion should not be considered a contraindication to hip arthroscopy, it should be carefully considered as a factor in patient selection and surgical planning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Muriel R Battaglia
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | | | - Itay Perets
- Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph R Laseter
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Cammille C Go
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A
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Summers S, Nigh E, Sabeh K, Robinson R. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of total hip replacement with a 3-part metaphyseal osseointegrated titanium alloy stem enhanced with low plasticity burnishing: a mean 5-year follow-up study. Arthroplast Today 2019; 5:352-357. [PMID: 31516981 PMCID: PMC6728597 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluates midterm results of a 3-part titanium alloy stem with metaphyseal fixation and a neck-metaphyseal taper junction strengthened with low plasticity burnishing (LPB). Our hypothesis is that this multimodular implant with LPB succeeds in offering the advantages of three-part modularity without junctional failure. Methods Twenty-eight of 32 complex primary (n = 9) and revision (n = 9) total hip arthroplasties were accounted for with minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical and radiographic data were reviewed at a mean follow-up period of 60 months. One stem, removed for failure to osseointegrate, was submitted for sectioning and taper examination. Results There were no modular junction failures despite body mass indices of 20 to 40 and offsets of 34 to 47 mms. Implant survival was 96.3%, with one removal due to aseptic loosening in a patient with chronic renal failure. Taper analyses of the removed implant showed minimal damage. Preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Scores and Oxford Hip Scores were 20 to 86 and 16 to 41, respectively. Patient satisfaction was 9.7/10. Radiographs showed stem subsidence >2 mm and radiolucencies around the metaphyseal cone only in the hip requiring implant removal. Conclusions This 3-part titanium alloy modular stem with LPB of the neck-metaphyseal taper junction showed good functional and radiographic results at a mean 5 years without junctional failures. Although this follow-up exceeds previously published reports, longer follow-up will be important to confirm our confidence in the additional strengthening provided by LPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Summers
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Evan Nigh
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karim Sabeh
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Raymond Robinson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Perineal Pressure During Hip Arthroscopy Is Reduced by Use of Trendelenburg: A Prospective Study With Randomized Order of Positioning. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:1851-1857. [PMID: 31261260 PMCID: PMC7000000 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of traction during hip arthroscopy is commonly used to provide safe joint access and to improve visualization. However, traction during hip arthroscopy has been associated with complications ranging from transient neuropraxias to devastating soft-tissue necrosis. Trendelenburg positioning may be helpful, but the degree to which this is true is not well understood. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES To determine whether there would be a reduction in perineal pressure at 5°, 10°, and 15° of Trendelenburg compared with baseline (0° of Trendelenburg) while in the modified supine position during hip arthroscopy. METHODS A consecutive cohort of 50 patients treated with hip arthroscopy by a single, high-volume orthopaedic surgeon was analyzed. There were 30 females and 20 males in this study, with a mean age of 36 ± 16 years (range, 14 to 66 years); mean BMI was 26 kg/m. In the operating room, patients were placed in the modified supine position on a traction extension table with a well-padded perineal post. A standard blood pressure cuff was secured to the post to measure pressure exerted on the perineum as traction was applied to distract the hip. For each patient, pressure against the perineum was measured at four different positions using a digital level: 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15° of Trendelenburg. These positions were tested in a random order for each patient. Mean pressure was compared within patients under the four-period crossover design using a repeated-measure (mixed) ANOVA model. Examination of the residual error quantile plot showed that the pressure data followed a normal distribution, making the use of a parametric model appropriate. Tests were made for period and order effects. RESULTS Compared with baseline (0° or no Trendelenburg) there was a reduction in pressure of 4.4 (15.5%) at 5° of Trendelenburg (p = 0.203), 8 (28%) at 10° of Trendelenburg (p = 0.022) and 13.1 (46%) at 15° (p = 0.006). These results were maintained regardless of the sequence of positions used in each patient (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°). CONCLUSIONS Trendelenburg positioning of 10° and 15° during hip arthroscopy resulted in decreased perineal pressure compared with the neutral (0°) position. This technique is intended to harness gravity to exert the majority of countertraction while retaining the perineal post as a backup patient stabilizer. Routine introduction of Trendelenburg during hip arthroscopy reduces perineal pressure against the post, which may decrease complications related to traction and perineal pressure. Future studies should assess whether the observed differences in perineal pressure will reduce the frequency of post-related complications after hip arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, therapeutic study.
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Do Your Routine Radiographs to Diagnose Cam Femoroacetabular Impingement Visualize the Region of the Femoral Head-Neck Junction You Intended? Arthroscopy 2019; 35:1796-1806. [PMID: 31072720 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use computer models and image analysis to identify the position on the head-neck junction visualized in 10 radiographic views used to quantify cam morphology. METHODS We generated 97 surface models of the proximal femur from computed tomography scans of 59 control femurs and 38 femurs with cam morphology-a flattening or convexity at the femoral head-neck junction. Each model was transformed to a position that represents the anteroposterior, Meyer lateral, 45° Dunn, modified false-profile, Espié frog-leg, modified 45° Dunn, frog-leg lateral, cross-table, 90° Dunn, and false-profile views. The position on the head-neck junction visualized from each view was identified on the surfaces. This position was then quantified by a clock face generated on the plane of the head-neck junction, in which the 12-o'clock position indicated the superior head-neck junction and the 3-o'clock position indicated the anterior head-neck junction. The mean visualized clock-face position was calculated for all subjects. Analysis was repeated to account for variability in femoral version. A general linear model with repeated measures was used to compare each radiographic view and anteversion angle. RESULTS Each radiographic view provided visualization of the mean clock-face position as follows: anteroposterior view, 12:01; Meyer lateral view, 1:08; 45° Dunn view, 1:40; modified false-profile view, 2:01; Espié frog-leg view, 2:14; modified 45° Dunn view, 2:35; frog-leg lateral view, 2:45; cross-table view, 3:00; 90° Dunn view, 3:13; and false-profile view, 3:44. Each view visualized a different position on the clock face (all P < .001). Increasing simulated femoral anteversion by 10° changed the visualized position of the head-neck junction to a more clockwise position (range, 0:07 to 0:29; all P < .001), whereas decreasing anteversion by 10° visualized a more counterclockwise position (range, -0:23 to -0:08; all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Ten common radiographic views used to identify cam morphology visualized different clock-face positions of the head-neck junction. Our data will help clinicians to understand the position of the head-neck junction visualized for each radiographic view and make educated decisions in the selection of radiographs acquired in the clinic. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings will aid clinicians in choosing a set of radiographs to capture cam morphology in the assessment of patients with hip pain.
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Frei B, Mayr J, de Bernardis G, Camathias C, Holland-Cunz S, Rutz E. Elastic stabile intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of diaphyseal femur fractures in children and adolescents: A strobe-compliant study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15085. [PMID: 30946361 PMCID: PMC6456152 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic stabile intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is a well-established method to stabilize diaphyseal fracture of the femur (DFF) in children. We aimed to evaluate the minimal medullary canal diameter (MMCD) of the fractured femur relative to the diameter of the nails. We also analyzed the real anteversion angle (AVA) of the affected femur in comparison to the healthy femur.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and plain X-ray images of children aged 2-15 years treated with ESIN for unstable femoral shaft fractures between 2004 and 2012. We measured MMCD on preoperative plain X-ray images. Nail diameter (ND) and any postoperative complications were extracted from the medical records. At follow-up conducted at a median of 40 months (range: 4-103 months) after the operation, we obtained Dunn X-ray images of both hips. Particular emphasis was placed on postoperative torsional differences in relation to age, weight, and maturity of the growth plate.We analyzed the relationship between postoperative rotational malalignment and the ratio of ND to MMCD.Median age of the 22 children at the time of injury was 7.5 years (range: 2-15 years). Median body weight was 25 kg (range: 13-57 kg). Median MMCD amounted to 8.6 mm (range: 5.5-11.0 mm). Median ND/MMCD was 36.9% (range: 27.3%-47.4%). Radiological analyses revealed a median of 27.0° (range: -22.0° to +49.0°) of real AVA in the affected leg and 32.5° (range: 18.0°-48.0°) in the healthy leg.Three children (13.6%) experienced a grade III complication (Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications; CDCSC). Two of these children suffered retrotorsion of the femoral neck, while the third child experienced diminished anteversion.Overall, 3 of 22 children (13.6%) suffered a CDCSC-grade III complication (i.e., retrotorsion of the femoral neck in two children and diminished anteversion of the femoral neck in one child). We recommend obtaining Dunn images at the end of the operation to confirm correct rotational alignment after stabilization with ESIN. Further prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlo Camathias
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, University Children's Hospital Basel, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Erich Rutz
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Clinical outcomes and causes of arthroscopic hip revision surgery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1230. [PMID: 30718558 PMCID: PMC6362113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hip arthroscopic surgery has become a common technique during the past decade, leading to an increased number of arthroscopic hip revision surgeries. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes in a series of revision hip arthroscopies to analyse the causes of reoperation in the short to medium-term follow-up. We retrospectively analysed 22 patients who underwent arthroscopic hip revision surgery in our institute. All patients accepted a detailed physical examination and obtained radiographs to measure the centre edge angle, the alpha angle and the offset. Three-dimensional computed tomography was used to evaluate the deformities. The modified Harris Hip Score, visual analogue scale and patient self-reported satisfaction were collected and analysed preoperatively and postoperatively. Our results demonstrated that the modified Harris Hip Score improved from 52.8 to 81.6, and the visual analogue scale decreased from 5.0 to 1.1. Patient self-reported satisfaction was 8.5. In conclusion, patients who underwent arthroscopic hip revision surgery exhibited significant improvement in patient-centred outcomes in the short- to medium-term follow-up, and the outcomes indicated the effectiveness of revision surgery. Residual femoroacetabular impingement and extra-articular impingement are common reasons for arthroscopic hip revision surgery. Misdiagnosis of osteoid osteoma and relapse of synovial chondromatosis are also important reasons for revision.
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Gruskay JA, Fragomen AT, Rozbruch SR. Idiopathic Rotational Abnormalities of the Lower Extremities in Children and Adults. JBJS Rev 2019; 7:e3. [PMID: 30624306 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.18.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Which Two-dimensional Radiographic Measurements of Cam Femoroacetabular Impingement Best Describe the Three-dimensional Shape of the Proximal Femur? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:242-253. [PMID: 30179924 PMCID: PMC6345307 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many two-dimensional (2-D) radiographic views are used to help diagnose cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), but there is little consensus as to which view or combination of views is most effective at visualizing the magnitude and extent of the cam lesion (ie, severity). Previous studies have used a single image from a sequence of CT or MR images to serve as a reference standard with which to evaluate the ability of 2-D radiographic views and associated measurements to describe the severity of the cam lesion. However, single images from CT or MRI data may fail to capture the apex of the cam lesion. Thus, it may be more appropriate to use measurements of three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstructions from CT or MRI data to serve as an anatomic reference standard when evaluating radiographic views and associated measurements used in the diagnosis of cam FAI. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to use digitally reconstructed radiographs and 3-D statistical shape modeling to (1) determine the correlation between 2-D radiographic measurements of cam FAI and 3-D metrics of proximal femoral shape; and 2) identify the combination of radiographic measurements from plain film projections that were most effective at predicting the 3-D shape of the proximal femur. METHODS This study leveraged previously acquired CT images of the femur from a convenience sample of 37 patients (34 males; mean age, 27 years, range, 16-47 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 24.6 kg/m, range, 19.0-30.2 kg/m) diagnosed with cam FAI imaged between February 2005 and January 2016. Patients were diagnosed with cam FAI based on a culmination of clinical examinations, history of hip pain, and imaging findings. The control group consisted of 59 morphologically normal control participants (36 males; mean age, 29 years, range, 15-55 years; mean BMI, 24.4 kg/m, range, 16.3-38.6 kg/m) imaged between April 2008 and September 2014. Of these controls, 30 were cadaveric femurs and 29 were living participants. All controls were screened for evidence of femoral deformities using radiographs. In addition, living control participants had no history of hip pain or previous surgery to the hip or lower limbs. CT images were acquired for each participant and the surface of the proximal femur was segmented and reconstructed. Surfaces were input to our statistical shape modeling pipeline, which objectively calculated 3-D shape scores that described the overall shape of the entire proximal femur and of the region of the femur where the cam lesion is typically located. Digital reconstructions for eight plain film views (AP, Meyer lateral, 45° Dunn, modified 45° Dunn, frog-leg lateral, Espié frog-leg, 90° Dunn, and cross-table lateral) were generated from CT data. For each view, measurements of the α angle and head-neck offset were obtained by two researchers (intraobserver correlation coefficients of 0.80-0.94 for the α angle and 0.42-0.80 for the head-neck offset measurements). The relationships between radiographic measurements from each view and the 3-D shape scores (for the entire proximal femur and for the region specific to the cam lesion) were assessed with linear correlation. Additionally, partial least squares regression was used to determine which combination of views and measurements was the most effective at predicting 3-D shape scores. RESULTS Three-dimensional shape scores were most strongly correlated with α angle on the cross-table view when considering the entire proximal femur (r = -0.568; p < 0.001) and on the Meyer lateral view when considering the region of the cam lesion (r = -0.669; p < 0.001). Partial least squares regression demonstrated that measurements from the Meyer lateral and 90° Dunn radiographs produced the optimized regression model for predicting shape scores for the proximal femur (R = 0.405, root mean squared error of prediction [RMSEP] = 1.549) and the region of the cam lesion (R = 0.525, RMSEP = 1.150). Interestingly, views with larger differences in the α angle and head-neck offset between control and cam FAI groups did not have the strongest correlations with 3-D shape. CONCLUSIONS Considered together, radiographic measurements from the Meyer lateral and 90° Dunn views provided the most effective predictions of 3-D shape of the proximal femur and the region of the cam lesion as determined using shape modeling metrics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggest that clinicians should consider using the Meyer lateral and 90° Dunn views to evaluate patients in whom cam FAI is suspected. However, the α angle and head-neck offset measurements from these and other plain film views could describe no more than half of the overall variation in the shape of the proximal femur and cam lesion. Thus, caution should be exercised when evaluating femoral head anatomy using the α angle and head-neck offset measurements from plain film radiographs. Given these findings, we believe there is merit in pursuing research that aims to develop the framework necessary to integrate statistical shape modeling into clinical evaluation, because this could aid in the diagnosis of cam FAI.
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Domb BG, Rybalko D, Mu B, Litrenta J, Chen AW, Perets I. Acetabular microfracture in hip arthroscopy: clinical outcomes with minimum 5-year follow-up. Hip Int 2018; 28:649-656. [PMID: 29865889 DOI: 10.1177/1120700018760263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a paucity in the literature regarding mid-term results of microfracture in hip arthroscopy. We aim to assess 5-year outcomes of patients who underwent acetabular microfracture for full-thickness chondral lesions as a part of hip arthroscopy. METHODS Between August 2008 and September 2011, data were prospectively gathered for patients undergoing acetabular microfracture during hip arthroscopy with minimum 5-year follow-up. All patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively, with modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score - Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS). International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) and satisfaction were collected postoperatively. Exclusion criteria included previous hip conditions, or preoperative Tönnis grade ≥2. RESULTS Fifty three hips were eligible for this study. Of these, 43 (81.1%) hips in 42 patients had follow-up. The study group had a male majority (65.1%) and an average age of 44.4 ± 9.5 years. There was statistically significant improvement in all patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and VAS at follow-up. Patient satisfaction was 7.6 ± 2.6. A comparison of 2-year to minimum 5-year follow-up results identified no statistically significant deterioration in PROs, VAS, and patient satisfaction. Survivorship was 72.1% with 12 patients converted to total hip arthroplasty (THA). 4 patients (10.8%) underwent secondary arthroscopy. CONCLUSIONS In the mid-term, microfracture as a part of hip arthroscopy demonstrated favourable outcomes and 72% survivorship. Careful patient selection is warranted to limit the risk of conversion to THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Domb
- 1 American Hip Institute, Westmont, Illinois, USA.,2 Hinsdale Orthopaedics, New York, USA
| | - Danil Rybalko
- 3 University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Mu
- 1 American Hip Institute, Westmont, Illinois, USA
| | - Jody Litrenta
- 4 New York University Hospital for Joint Disease, New York, USA
| | - Austin W Chen
- 1 American Hip Institute, Westmont, Illinois, USA.,5 Boulder Centre for Orthopedics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Itay Perets
- 1 American Hip Institute, Westmont, Illinois, USA.,6 Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Haynes JA, Pascual-Garrido C, An TW, Nepple JJ, Clohisy JC. Trends of hip arthroscopy in the setting of acetabular dysplasia. J Hip Preserv Surg 2018; 5:267-273. [PMID: 30393554 PMCID: PMC6206703 DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hny026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hip arthroscopy is increasingly utilized in the treatment of symptomatic intra-articular hip pathology. Unaddressed development dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is thought to be associated with failure after hip arthroscopy. The aims of this study were (i) to identify the prevalence of previous failed hip arthroscopy in patients undergoing a periactebaular osteotomy (PAO) for the treatment of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia, (ii) report on the temporal trend of failed ipsilateral hip arthroscopy in patients undergoing PAO and (iii) to determine clinical and radiographic characteristics associated with utilization of isolated hip arthroscopy in patients with acetabular dysplasia. We identified 139 patients undergoing PAO who had a history of a prior ipsilateral hip arthroscopy. A comparison group of 1505 patients with a diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia, who underwent PAO alone without any prior ipsilateral surgery during the study period was used. Clinical characteristics, radiographic and intraoperative findings were compared between cohorts. From 2008 to 2015, the rate of previous failed hip arthroscopy in patients undergoing subsequent PAO increased steadily until 2013 with a maximum of 12%. Patients in the study group had mild dysplasia with significantly higher LCEA (17.2° versus 11.3°; P < 0.001) and ACEA (15.6° versus 10.8°; P < 0.001), a lower acetabular inclination (14.0° versus 19.0°; P < 0.001). The findings illustrate a constant increase in the rate of failed hip arthroscopy in the setting of acetabular dysplasia from 2008 till 2013. Female sex and mild dysplasia were associated with use of isolated hip arthroscopy in the setting of acetabular dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Haynes
- Anderson Orthopaedic Clinic - Mount Vernon, 2501 Parker's Ln, 200, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | | | - Tonya W An
- Cedar Sinai Medical Center, 444 S. San Vicente Blvd, Ste 603, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Nepple
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave CB 8233, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - John C Clohisy
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave CB 8233, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Carulli C, Tonelli F, Melani T, Pietragalla M, De Renzis AGD, Caracchini G, Innocenti M. Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Detecting Intra-articular Pathology Associated with Femoroacetabular Impingement. JOINTS 2018; 6:104-109. [PMID: 30051107 PMCID: PMC6059867 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) in the detection of intra-articular lesions of the hip in patients affected by femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) by using arthroscopy as reference standard.
Methods
Twenty-nine consecutive hip arthroscopies performed in 24 patients were considered for the study. Patients had a mean age of 38.3 years. Ultrasound-guided 1.5-T MRA was performed with precontrast short tau inversion recovery, T1-weighted and PD coronal, T1-weighted, and T2-weighted axial with 3-mm-thick slice sequences, and postcontrast T1-weighted fat saturation MRA (Fat-SAT) axial, coronal and oblique sagittal, and T1-weighted Vibe 3D coronal sequences with MPR sagittal, axial, and radial reconstructions with 2-mm-thick slice and coronal density protonil (DP) Fat-SAT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MRA were evaluated by comparison arthroscopy for the following intra-articular findings: acetabular and femoral chondral lesions, labral degeneration, labral tears, synovitis, ligamentum teres (LT) tears, CAM lesions, pincer lesions, loose bodies, and osteophytes.
Results
An absolute per cent agreement (100%) was observed for all the variables in the assessment of CAM lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MRA were 100, 68.4, 72.7, and 100%, respectively, for acetabular chondral lesions; 100, 50, 47.3, and 100%, respectively, for femoral chondral lesions; 33, 85, 20, and 91.6%, respectively, for labral tears; 95, 71, 91.3, and 83.3%, respectively, for labral degeneration; 100, 88, 57.1, and 100%, respectively, for LT tears; 33.3, 85, 50, and 73.9%, respectively, for pincer lesions; 50, 96, 66.6, and 92.3%, respectively, for intra-articular loose bodies; and 100, 73.9, 50, and 100%, respectively, for osteophytes.
Conclusion
MRA may play an important role in detecting intra-articular lesions associated with FAI. This might be helpful for the preoperative planning before hip arthroscopy.
Level of Evidence
This is a Level 2, diagnostic accuracy study compared with gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carulli
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Orthopaedic Traumatologic Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Tonelli
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Orthopaedic Traumatologic Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Melani
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Orthopaedic Traumatologic Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Pietragalla
- Radiology Unit, Orthopaedic Traumatologic Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Caracchini
- Radiology Unit, Orthopaedic Traumatologic Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Orthopaedic Traumatologic Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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