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Moldovan DMM, Aranda-Valera IC, Ladehesa-Pineda L, Ábalos-Aguilera MC, Puche-Larrubia MÁ, Escudero-Contreras A, González-Navas C, Garrido-Castro JL, Fodor D, Collantes-Estévez E, López-Medina C. The association of cervical and lumbar mobility with functional ability in axial spondyloarthritis: Insights from the CASTRO registry using Inertial Measurement Unit system. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2025; 72:152703. [PMID: 40073608 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2025.152703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association of cervical and lumbar mobility with functional ability in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor system, as well as the influence of disease duration on this association. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 156 patients with axSpA from the Córdoba axSpA Task Force Registry and Outcomes (CASTRO) registry. Spinal mobility was assessed with the IMU system and functional ability was measured using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Patients were categorized into non-longstanding (≤23 years) and longstanding (>23 years) groups based on the median disease duration. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the variability of BASFI explained by each spinal movement (coefficient of determination [R²]). RESULTS Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that cervical movements collectively explained 19.9 % (R2 = 0.199) of BASFI variability, while lumbar mobility accounted for 11.3 %. Among longstanding axSpA patients, cervical rotation (unstandardized regression coefficient [B] = -0.68, 95 % CI1.13 to -0.24) and lumbar flexion (B = 0.65, 95 % CI 0.05 to 1.24), were independently associated with the BASFI scores. In non-longstanding patients, lumbar mobility, particularly lumbar rotation (B = -0.51, 95 % CI0.97 to -0.05), showed a stronger association with functional ability. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that cervical mobility is more strongly associated with functional ability than lumbar mobility in axSpA patients. However, the impact of cervical and lumbar mobility on functional ability varies with disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maria Margareta Moldovan
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - I Concepción Aranda-Valera
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ladehesa-Pineda
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Ábalos-Aguilera
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Puche-Larrubia
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escudero-Contreras
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Navas
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Garrido-Castro
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, Rabanales Campus, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Daniela Fodor
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eduardo Collantes-Estévez
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Clementina López-Medina
- Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14005 Córdoba, Spain; Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
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Jaskulski K, Bobowik P, Wysoczański B, Predkelienė A, Starczewski M. Knee Armor Training Program: An 8-Week Sensorimotor Approach to Reducing Knee Injury Risk in Women's Rugby. J Clin Med 2025; 14:3779. [PMID: 40507541 PMCID: PMC12155951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2025] [Revised: 05/12/2025] [Accepted: 05/25/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common injuries in playing rugby. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a custom-designed training program on changes in dynamic knee valgus angle (DKV) and Reactive Strength Index (RSI), which are the main risk factors, in a group of female Rugby-7 players. Methods: A total of 16 professional Rugby-7 players completed an 8-week KAT program intervention, which was incorporated twice a week throughout this time. In both the pre- and post-tests, dynamic knee valgus was assessed during the drop jump (DJ) test using the frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) method. The jumps were analyzed using Dartfish 2024 software. Results: The post-tests revealed an increase in RSI values (p = 0.0496; SD = 1.25 ± 0.44 vs. 1.40 ± 0.35) and a reduction in valgus of the left knee joint (p = 0.01; SD = 9.08 ± 11.86 vs.0.00 ± 7.42). The correlation between RSI and the valgus angle produced inconclusive results (rs = -0.69; p < 0.01; rs = -0.35; p = 0.25; rs = -0.38; p = 0.2; rs = -0.2; p = 0.51). Cohen's d = -0.37964. Conclusions: The training program proved effective in improving RSI scores and reducing the valgus angle of the left lower limb, which functioned as the supporting leg. These findings potential KAT implementation as a warm-up routine in professional women's rugby clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jaskulski
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw Marymoncka Str., No. 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bobowik
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw Marymoncka Str., No. 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wysoczański
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw Marymoncka Str., No. 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnė Predkelienė
- Institute of Educational Research, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Michał Starczewski
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw Marymoncka Str., No. 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
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Sun Y, Song Z, Mo L, Li B, Liang F, Yin M, Wang D. IMU-Based quantitative assessment of stroke from gait. Sci Rep 2025; 15:9541. [PMID: 40108428 PMCID: PMC11923360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-94167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Gait impairment, which is commonly observed in stroke survivors, underscores the imperative of rehabilitating walking function. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) can capture gait parameters in stroke patients, becoming a promising tool for objective and quantifiable gait assessment. Optimal sensor placement for stroke assessment that involves optimal combinations of features (kinematics) is required to improve stroke assessment accuracy while reducing the number of sensors to achieve a convenient IMU scheme for both clinical and home assessment; however, previous studies lack comprehensive discussions on the optimal sensor placement and features. To obtain an optimal sensor placement for stroke assessment, this study investigated the impact of IMU placement on stroke assessment based on gait data and clinical scores of 16 stroke patients. Stepwise regression was performed to select the kinematics most correlated with stroke assessment (lower limb part of Fugl-Meyer assessment). Sensors at different locations were combined into 28 sensor groups and their stroke assessment was compared. First, the reduced number of gait features does not significantly impact the stroke assessment. Second, the selected gait parameters by stepwise regression are found all from sensors at the hip and bilateral thighs. Last, a three-sensor scheme-sensors at the hip and bilateral thighs was suggested, which achieved a high accuracy with an adjusted R2 = 0.999, MAE = 0.07, and RMSE = 0.08. Further, the prediction error is zero if the predicted lower limb Fugl-Meyer scales are rounded to the nearest integer. These findings offer a convenient IMU solution for quantitatively assessing stroke patients. Therefore, the IMU-based stroke assessment provides a promising complementary tool for clinical assessment and home rehabilitation of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Sun
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Lifen Mo
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Fengyan Liang
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China.
| | - Ming Yin
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
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Edwards NA, Caccese JB, Tracy RE, Hagen J, Quatman-Yates CC, OñATE J. The Validity and Usability of Markerless Motion Capture and Inertial Measurement Units for Quantifying Dynamic Movements. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2025; 57:641-655. [PMID: 39733226 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Motion capture technology is quickly evolving, providing researchers, clinicians, and coaches with more access to biomechanics data. Markerless motion capture and inertial measurement units (IMUs) are continually developing biomechanics tools that need validation for dynamic movements before widespread use in applied settings. This study evaluated the validity of a markerless motion capture, IMU, and red, green, blue, and depth (RGBD) camera system as compared with marker-based motion capture during countermovement jumps, overhead squats, lunges, and runs with cuts. METHODS Thirty adults were recruited for this study (sex: 18 females, 12 males; age: 25.4 ± 8.6 yrs; height: 1.71 ± 0.08 m; weight: 71.6 ± 11.5 kg). Data were collected simultaneously with four motion capture technologies (i.e., Vicon, marker-based; Theia/Optitrack, markerless; APDM Opals, IMUs; and Vald HumanTrak, RGBD camera). System validity for lower and upper body joint angles was evaluated using bias, root mean squared error (RMSE), precision, maximum absolute error, and intraclass correlation coefficients. System usability was descriptively analyzed. RESULTS Overall, markerless motion capture had the highest validity (sagittal plane RMSE: 3.20°-15.66°; frontal plane RMSE: 2.12°-9.14°; transverse plane RMSE: 3.160°-56.61°), followed by the IMU system (sagittal plane RMSE: 8.11°-28.37°; frontal plane RMSE: 3.26°-16.98°; transverse plane RMSE: 5.08°-116.75°), and lastly the RGBD system (sagittal plane bias: 0.55°-129.48°; frontal plane bias: 1.35°-52.06°). CONCLUSIONS Markerless motion capture and IMUs have moderate validity for joint kinematics, whereas the RGBD system did not have adequate validity. Markerless systems have lower data processing time, require moderate technical expertise, but have high data storage size. IMUs are easier to use, can collect data in any location, but require participant set-up. Overall, individuals using motion capture should consider the specific movements, testing locations, and technical expertise available before selecting a system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan E Tracy
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Asgari H, Heller B. Validation and Analysis of Recreational Runners' Kinematics Obtained from a Sacral IMU. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:315. [PMID: 39860685 PMCID: PMC11768178 DOI: 10.3390/s25020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Our aim was to validate a sacral-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) for reconstructing running kinematics and comparing movement patterns within and between runners. IMU data were processed using Kalman and complementary filters separately. RMSE and Bland-Altman analysis assessed the validity of each filtering method against a motion capture system. Running data from 24 recreational runners were analyzed using Fourier transform coefficients, PCA, and k-means clustering. High agreement was found for Kalman-filtered data in the frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes, with a Bland-Altman bias of ~2 mm on average, compared to a bias of ~10.5 mm for complementary-filtered data. Pelvic angles calculated from Kalman-filtered data had superior agreement, with systematic biases of ~0.3 versus 3.4 degrees for complementary-filtered data. Our findings suggest that inertial sensors are viable alternatives to motion capture for reconstructing pelvic running kinematics and movement patterns. In the second part of our study, negligible intra-individual differences were observed with changes in speed, while inter-individual differences were large. Two clusters of runners were identified, each showing distinct movement patterns and ranges of motion. These observations highlight the potential usefulness of inertial sensors for performance analysis and rehabilitation as they may permit the use of individual-specific and cluster-specific practice programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Heller
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, 2 Old Hall Rd, Sheffield S9 3TY, UK;
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Beange KHE, Chan ADC, Graham RB. Can we reliably assess spine movement quality in clinics? A comparison of systems to evaluate movement reliability in a healthy population. J Biomech 2025; 179:112415. [PMID: 39647220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have the potential to facilitate a large influx of spine movement and motor control data to help stratify low back pain (LBP) diagnosis and care; however, uncertainties related to validity and equipment/movement reliability are preventing widespread use and acceptance. This study evaluated the concurrent validity of Xsens DOT IMUs relative to gold-standard optical motion capture equipment, and compared within- and between-day reliability of both systems to track spine range of motion (ROM) and movement quality (MQ) by evaluating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV), and minimum detectable difference (MDD). ROM was evaluated during planar ROM movements, and local dynamic stability (LDS; λmax), mean absolute relative phase (MARP) and deviation phase (DP) were estimated from repetitive trunk flexion at 3 speeds, in 15 healthy controls to assess MQ. Results showed no statistically significant differences between systems for all metrics, and ICCs ≥ 0.86; therefore, validity was confirmed for tracking primary axis ROM and MQ. IMU data revealed that absolute (C7, T12, and S1) and relative (thoracic, lumbar, and total) ROM was the most reliable metric, followed by λmax, DP, and MARP. Reliability was similar between systems, suggesting that the poorer between-day reliability (higher SEM and CV, lower ICC) observed is attributable to movement variability and sensor placement rather than equipment error. The MDDs can provide thresholds to researchers and clinicians for identifying changes in MQ. Further standardization of evaluated movements/metrics, and patient subgrouping are suggested to improve reliability assessments and refine MDDs in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H E Beange
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian D C Chan
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan B Graham
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Alkayyali AA, Cowan CPF, Owen CJ, Giannas E, Wolfram S, Hansen U, Sample AP, Emery RJH, Shtein M, Lipps DB. Identifying internal and external shoulder rotation using a kirigami-based shoulder patch. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES 2024; 5:e23. [PMID: 39811477 PMCID: PMC11729485 DOI: 10.1017/wtc.2024.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Internal and external rotation of the shoulder is often challenging to quantify in the clinic. Existing technologies, such as motion capture, can be expensive or require significant time to setup, collect data, and process and analyze the data. Other methods may rely on surveys or analog tools, which are subject to interpretation. The current study evaluates a novel, engineered, wearable sensor system for improved internal and external shoulder rotation monitoring, and applies it in healthy individuals. Using the design principles of the Japanese art of kirigami (folding and cutting of paper to design 3D shapes), the sensor platform conforms to the shape of the shoulder with four on-board strain gauges to measure movement. Our objective was to examine how well this kirigami-inspired shoulder patch could identify differences in shoulder kinematics between internal and external rotation as individuals moved their humerus through movement patterns defined by Codman's paradox. Seventeen participants donned the sensor while the strain gauges measured skin deformation patterns during the participants' movement. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping explored differences in strain voltage between the rotations. The sensor detected distinct differences between the internal and external shoulder rotation movements. Three of the four strain gauges detected significant temporal differences between internal and external rotation (all p < .047), particularly for the strain gauges placed distal or posterior to the acromion. These results are clinically significant, as they suggest a new class of wearable sensors conforming to the shoulder can measure differences in skin surface deformation corresponding to the underlying humerus rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Callum J. Owen
- GKT School of Medicine, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Giannas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Susann Wolfram
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, UK
| | - Ulrich Hansen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger J. H. Emery
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2BX, United Kingdom
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Max Shtein
- College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David B. Lipps
- College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, UK
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Moreira R, Teixeira S, Fialho R, Miranda A, Lima LDB, Carvalho MB, Alves AB, Bastos VHV, Teles AS. Validity Analysis of Monocular Human Pose Estimation Models Interfaced with a Mobile Application for Assessing Upper Limb Range of Motion. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:7983. [PMID: 39771719 PMCID: PMC11679233 DOI: 10.3390/s24247983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Human Pose Estimation (HPE) is a computer vision application that utilizes deep learning techniques to precisely locate Key Joint Points (KJPs), enabling the accurate description of a person's pose. HPE models can be extended to facilitate Range of Motion (ROM) assessment by leveraging patient photographs. This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of HPE models for assessing upper limbs ROM. A physiotherapist evaluated the degrees of ROM in shoulders (flexion, extension, and abduction) and elbows (flexion and extension) for fifty-two participants using both Universal Goniometer (UG) and five HPE models. Participants were instructed to repeat each movement three times to obtain measurements with the UG, then positioned while photos were captured using the NLMeasurer mobile application. The paired t-test, bias, and error measures were employed to evaluate the difference and agreement between measurement methods. Results indicated that the MoveNet Thunder INT16 model exhibited superior performance. Root Mean Square Errors obtained through this model were <10° in 8 of 10 analyzed movements. HPE models demonstrated better performance in shoulder flexion and abduction movements while exhibiting unsatisfactory performance in elbow flexion. Challenges such as image perspective distortion, environmental lighting conditions, images in monocular view, and complications in the pose may influence the models' performance. Nevertheless, HPE models show promise in identifying KJPs and facilitating ROM measurements, potentially enhancing convenience and efficiency in assessments. However, their current accuracy for this application is unsatisfactory, highlighting the need for caution when considering automated upper limb ROM measurement with them. The implementation of these models in clinical practice does not diminish the crucial role of examiners in carefully inspecting images and making adjustments to ensure measurement reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayele Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
| | - Renan Fialho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
| | - Aline Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
| | - Lucas Daniel Batista Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
| | - Maria Beatriz Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
| | | | - Victor Hugo Vale Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
| | - Ariel Soares Teles
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (R.M.)
- Campus Araioses, Federal Institute of Maranhão, Araioses 65570-000, Brazil
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Bailes AH, Johnson M, Roos R, Clark W, Cook H, McKernan G, Sowa GA, Cham R, Bell KM. Assessing the Reliability and Validity of Inertial Measurement Units to Measure Three-Dimensional Spine and Hip Kinematics During Clinical Movement Tasks. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:6580. [PMID: 39460062 PMCID: PMC11511509 DOI: 10.3390/s24206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide benefits over the traditional optoelectronic motion capture (OMC) systems in measuring kinematics for the low back pain population. The reliability and validity of IMUs to quantify three-dimensional motion for multiple hip/spine segments have not been systematically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the repeated-measures reliability and concurrent validity of an IMU system for measuring the three-dimensional spine/hip kinematics in six common movement assessments. Seventeen participants (32.3 (14.7) years; 11 female) performed two trials each of six range-of-motion assessments while fitted with four IMUs (T1/T2, T12/L1, L5/S1, and femur). The IMUs showed good-excellent reliability for most of the movements in the primary plane and poor-moderate reliability in the non-primary planes. The IMU and OMC systems showed generally good-excellent agreement in the primary plane and RMSE values between 3.03° and 15.75°. The removal of outliers based on the Bland-Altman analysis resulted in RMSE values between 2.44° and 10.30°. The system agreement in the non-primary planes was generally poor-moderate, and the RMSE values ranged from 2.19° to 45.88°. Anomalies in the proprietary sensor fusion algorithm or calibration may have contributed to the large RMSE values, highlighting the importance of assessing data for physiological relevance. The results suggest that these IMUs may be best suited for population-based studies measuring movement in the primary plane and point toward the need for the development of more robust approaches for broader implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Bailes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.M.B.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marit Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rachel Roos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.M.B.)
| | - William Clark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Harold Cook
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.M.B.)
| | - Gina McKernan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rakié Cham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.M.B.)
| | - Kevin M. Bell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.M.B.)
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Guignard B, Ayad O, Baillet H, Mell F, Simbaña Escobar D, Boulanger J, Seifert L. Validity, reliability and accuracy of inertial measurement units (IMUs) to measure angles: application in swimming. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:1471-1503. [PMID: 34320904 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1945136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The first objective was to test the validity, reliability and accuracy of paired inertial measurement units (IMUs) to assess absolute angles relative to Vicon and OptiTrack systems. The potential impacts of slow vs. rapid and intermittent vs. continuous movements were tested during 2D laboratory analyses and 3D ecological context analysis. The second objective was to test the IMUs alone in an ecological activity (i.e., front crawl) that encompassed the previous independent variables to quantify inter-cyclic variability. Slow and intermittent motion ensured high to reasonable validity, reliability and accuracy. Rapid motion revealed an out-of-phase pattern for temporal reliability and lower validity, which was also visible in 3D. Also, spatial reliability and accuracy decreased in 3D, mainly due to discrepancies in local maximums, whereas temporal reliability remained in-phase. For the second objective, inter-cyclic variability did not exceed 12° based on root mean square error (RMSE). Therefore, IMUs should be considered valuable supplements to optoelectronic systems if users carefully position the sensors in rigid clusters and calibrate them to integrate potential offsets. Drift correction by spline interpolation or normalisation of the absolute data should also be considered as additional techniques that increase IMU performance in ecological contexts of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Guignard
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Omar Ayad
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Héloïse Baillet
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Florian Mell
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - David Simbaña Escobar
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
- Performance Optimisation Department, French Swimming Federation, Clichy, France
| | - Jérémie Boulanger
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Seifert
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
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11
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Wolski L, Halaki M, Hiller CE, Pappas E, Fong Yan A. Validity of an Inertial Measurement Unit System to Measure Lower Limb Kinematics at Point of Contact during Incremental High-Speed Running. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5718. [PMID: 39275629 PMCID: PMC11398232 DOI: 10.3390/s24175718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
There is limited validation for portable methods in evaluating high-speed running biomechanics, with inertial measurement unit (IMU) systems commonly used as wearables for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of an IMU system in high-speed running compared to a 3D motion analysis system (MAS). One runner performed incremental treadmill running, from 12 to 18 km/h, on two separate days. Sagittal angles for the shank, knee, hip and pelvis were measured simultaneously with three IMUs and the MAS at the point of contact (POC), the timing when the foot initially hits the ground, as identified by IMU system acceleration, and compared to the POC identified via force plate. Agreement between the systems was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients, Pearson's r, Bland-Altman limits of agreements, root mean square error and paired t-tests. The IMU system reliably determined POC (which subsequently was used to calculate stride time) and measured hip flexion angle and anterior pelvic tilt accurately and consistently at POC. However, it displayed inaccuracy and inconsistency in measuring knee flexion and shank angles at POC. This information provides confidence that a portable IMU system can aid in establishing baseline running biomechanics for performance optimisation, and/or inform injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wolski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Claire E Hiller
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alycia Fong Yan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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12
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Ahmed K, Taheri S, Weygers I, Ortiz-Catalan M. Validation of IMU against optical reference and development of open-source pipeline: proof of concept case report in a participant with transfemoral amputation fitted with a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Implant. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:128. [PMID: 39085954 PMCID: PMC11290066 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systems that capture motion under laboratory conditions limit validity in real-world environments. Mobile motion capture solutions such as Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) can progress our understanding of "real" human movement. IMU data must be validated in each application to interpret with clinical applicability; this is particularly true for diverse populations. Our IMU analysis method builds on the OpenSim IMU Inverse Kinematics toolkit integrating the Versatile Quaternion-based Filter and incorporates realistic constraints to the underlying biomechanical model. We validate our processing method against the reference standard optical motion capture in a case report with participants with transfemoral amputation fitted with a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Implant (POI) and without amputation walking over level ground. We hypothesis that by using this novel pipeline, we can validate IMU motion capture data, to a clinically acceptable degree. RESULTS Average RMSE (across all joints) between the two systems from the participant with a unilateral transfemoral amputation (TFA) on the amputated and the intact sides were 2.35° (IQR = 1.45°) and 3.59° (IQR = 2.00°) respectively. Equivalent results in the non-amputated participant were 2.26° (IQR = 1.08°). Joint level average RMSE between the two systems from the TFA ranged from 1.66° to 3.82° and from 1.21° to 5.46° in the non-amputated participant. In plane average RMSE between the two systems from the TFA ranged from 2.17° (coronal) to 3.91° (sagittal) and from 1.96° (transverse) to 2.32° (sagittal) in the non-amputated participant. Coefficients of Multiple Correlation (CMC) results between the two systems in the TFA ranged from 0.74 to > 0.99 and from 0.72 to > 0.99 in the non-amputated participant and resulted in 'excellent' similarity in each data set average, in every plane and at all joint levels. Normalized RMSE between the two systems from the TFA ranged from 3.40% (knee level) to 54.54% (pelvis level) and from 2.18% to 36.01% in the non-amputated participant. CONCLUSIONS We offer a modular processing pipeline that enables the addition of extra layers, facilitates changes to the underlying biomechanical model, and can accept raw IMU data from any vendor. We successfully validate the pipeline using data, for the first time, from a TFA participant using a POI and have proved our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Ahmed
- Chalmers University, Chalmersplatsen 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Shayan Taheri
- Chalmers University, Chalmersplatsen 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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13
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Vun DSY, Bowers R, McGarry A. Vision-based motion capture for the gait analysis of neurodegenerative diseases: A review. Gait Posture 2024; 112:95-107. [PMID: 38754258 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developments in vision-based systems and human pose estimation algorithms have the potential to detect, monitor and intervene early on neurodegenerative diseases through gait analysis. However, the gap between the technology available and actual clinical practice is evident as most clinicians still rely on subjective observational gait analysis or objective marker-based analysis that is time-consuming. RESEARCH QUESTION This paper aims to examine the main developments of vision-based motion capture and how such advances may be integrated into clinical practice. METHODS The literature review was conducted in six online databases using Boolean search terms. A commercial system search was also included. A predetermined methodological criterion was then used to assess the quality of the selected articles. RESULTS A total of seventeen studies were evaluated, with thirteen studies focusing on gait classification systems and four studies on gait measurement systems. Of the gait classification systems, nine studies utilized artificial intelligence-assisted techniques, while four studies employed statistical techniques. The results revealed high correlations of gait features identified by classifier models with existing clinical rating scales. These systems demonstrated generally high classification accuracies and were effective in diagnosing disease severity levels. Gait measurement systems that extract spatiotemporal and kinematic joint information from video data generally found accurate measurements of gait parameters with low mean absolute errors, high intra- and inter-rater reliability. SIGNIFICANCE Low cost, portable vision-based systems can provide proof of concept for the quantification of gait, expansion of gait assessment tools, remote gait analysis of neurodegenerative diseases and a point of care system for orthotic evaluation. However, certain challenges, including small sample sizes, occlusion risks, and selection bias in training models, need to be addressed. Nevertheless, these systems can serve as complementary tools, equipping clinicians with essential gait information to objectively assess disease severity and tailor personalized treatment for enhanced patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sing Yee Vun
- National Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Bowers
- National Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony McGarry
- National Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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14
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Saha SS, Chaitanya Palle K, Chowdhary M. In-Sensor Movement Variability Tracking. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2024; 2024:1-6. [PMID: 40040097 DOI: 10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
Movement variability tracking traces the spatiotemporal movement of limbs against a pre-recorded action template. This paper introduces an ultra-low-power, low footprint, and data-efficient movement variability detection algorithm implemented on-chip on an inertial sensor die. During the training phase, the user attaches an inertial sensor to the target limb and performs limb movements under supervision. The algorithm within the sensor automatically segments the region of interest with maximal entropic density and generates approximate gravity vector templates of the action primitive. During the inference phase, weighted similarity metrics provide the latent geometric distance between temporal portions of the stored templates and live template as heatmaps. These heatmaps provide quantitative and actionable information on which parts of the movement trajectory to correct. The algorithm requires under 6 seconds of training data, under 7 kB of memory and 0.2 mA of current on-sensor, and has a temporal resolution of 0.5 seconds. The concept benefits a broad application spectrum, including sports analysis, exercise monitoring, rehabilitation, and gait tracking.
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15
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Ali F, Hogen CA, Miller EJ, Kaufman KR. Validation of Pelvis and Trunk Range of Motion as Assessed Using Inertial Measurement Units. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:659. [PMID: 39061741 PMCID: PMC11273649 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trunk and pelvis range of motion (ROM) is essential to perform activities of daily living. The ROM may become limited with aging or with neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Inertial measurement units (IMU) with out-of-the box software solutions are increasingly being used to assess motion. We hypothesize that the accuracy (validity) and reliability (consistency) of the trunk and pelvis ROM during steady-state gait in normal individuals as measured using the Opal APDM 6 sensor IMU system and calculated using Mobility Lab version 4 software will be comparable to a gold-standard optoelectric motion capture system. Thirteen healthy young adults participated in the study. Trunk ROM, measured using the IMU was within 5-7 degrees of the motion capture system for all three planes and within 10 degrees for pelvis ROM. We also used a triad of markers mounted on the sternum and sacrum IMU for a head-to-head comparison of trunk and pelvis ROM. The IMU measurements were within 5-10 degrees of the triad. A greater variability of ROM measurements was seen for the pelvis in the transverse plane. IMUs and their custom software provide a valid and reliable measurement for trunk and pelvis ROM in normal individuals, and important considerations for future applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Ali
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cecilia A. Hogen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.A.H.); (E.J.M.); (K.R.K.)
| | - Emily J. Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.A.H.); (E.J.M.); (K.R.K.)
| | - Kenton R. Kaufman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.A.H.); (E.J.M.); (K.R.K.)
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16
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Lieberz D, Borstad A, Nelson J. A cross-sectional methodological study: evaluation of the examiner performance on the Dix-Hallpike test. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2933-2938. [PMID: 37480166 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2237893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Dix-Hallpike test is recommended to diagnose Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). This research aimed to quantify the movement of a healthy subject during the Dix-Hallpike test and determine what factors contribute to performance variation from the recommended head position with 20° cervical extension, 45° cervical rotation, and a brisk movement velocity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Examiners performed the Dix-Hallpike test 10 times. The examinee's movement was recorded with Qualisys and processed with Visual3D. The proportion of variation in test performance within examiners, between examiners, and due to examiner position was calculated. RESULTS Thirteen participants, 54% male and mean age 40, performed 50 cranial and 77 lateral Dix-Hallpike tests. Head position differed significantly from the recommendations with the cranial tests for extension (mean difference [MD] = 11.6°, p < 0.001) and rotation (MD = 4.8°, p < 0.001) and with lateral tests for extension (MD = 13.3°, p < 0.001). The largest proportion of variation was between examiners (60-91%), followed by within-examiners (3-16%). The examiner position contributed to 20% of the variation in the cervical rotation achieved. Tests lasted, on average, 1.80 s. CONCLUSIONS Differences within and between examiners visually estimating the Dix-Hallpike test endpoints may impede BPPV diagnosis accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalerie Lieberz
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Alexandra Borstad
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Jon Nelson
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, United States
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17
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McClintock FA, Callaway AJ, Clark CJ, Williams JM. Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units used to measure motion of the lumbar spine: A systematic review of individuals with and without low back pain. Med Eng Phys 2024; 126:104146. [PMID: 38621847 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, resulting in aberrant movement. This movement is difficult to measure accurately in clinical practice and gold standard methods, such as optoelectronic systems involve the use of expensive laboratory equipment. Inertial measurement units (IMU) offer an alternative method of quantifying movement that is accessible in most environments. However, there is no consensus around the validity and reliability of IMUs for quantifying lumbar spine movements compared with gold standard measures. The aim of this systematic review was to establish concurrent validity and repeated measures reliability of using IMUs for the measurement of lumbar spine movements in individuals with and without LBP. A systematic search of electronic databases, incorporating PRISMA guidelines was completed, limited to the English language. 503 studies were identified where 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 305 individuals were included, and 109 of these individuals had LBP. Weighted synthesis of the results demonstrated root mean squared differences of <2.4° compared to the gold standard and intraclass correlations >0.84 for lumbar spine movements. IMUs offer clinicians and researchers valid and reliable measurement of motion in the lumbar spine, comparable to laboratory methods, such as optoelectronic motion capture for individuals with and without LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A McClintock
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew J Callaway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Carol J Clark
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Williams
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
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18
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García-Jaén M, Sebastia-Amat S, Sanchis-Soler G, Cortell-Tormo JM. Lumbo-Pelvic Rhythm Monitoring Using Wearable Technology with Sensory Biofeedback: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:758. [PMID: 38610180 PMCID: PMC11012179 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As an essential lower-back movement pattern, lumbo-pelvic rhythm (LPR) during forward trunk flexion and backward return has been investigated on a large scale. It has been suggested that abnormalities in lumbo-pelvic coordination are related to the risk of developing low back disorders. However, considerable differences in the approaches used to monitor LPR make it challenging to integrate findings from those investigations for future research. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the use of wearable technology for kinematic measurement with sensory biofeedback for LPR monitoring by assessing these technologies' specific capabilities and biofeedback capacities and exploring their practical viability based on sensor outcomes. The review was developed following the PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was analyzed using the PREDro and STROBE scales. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEEXPLORE databases were searched for relevant studies, initially returning a total of 528 articles. Finally, we included eight articles featuring wearable devices with audio or vibration biofeedback. Differences in protocols and limitations were also observed. This novel study presents a review of wearable tracking devices for LPR motion-mediated biofeedback for the purpose of correcting lower back posture. More research is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of these devices, as well as their most appropriate corresponding methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García-Jaén
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.G.-J.); (S.S.-A.); (J.M.C.-T.)
- Health, Physical Activity and Sports Technology (HEALTH-TECH), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Sergio Sebastia-Amat
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.G.-J.); (S.S.-A.); (J.M.C.-T.)
- Health, Physical Activity and Sports Technology (HEALTH-TECH), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Gema Sanchis-Soler
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.G.-J.); (S.S.-A.); (J.M.C.-T.)
- Health, Physical Activity and Sports Technology (HEALTH-TECH), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Cortell-Tormo
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.G.-J.); (S.S.-A.); (J.M.C.-T.)
- Health, Physical Activity and Sports Technology (HEALTH-TECH), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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19
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Pareja-Cano Á, Arjona JM, Caulfield B, Cuesta-Vargas A. Parameterization of Biomechanical Variables through Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in Occasional Healthy Runners. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2191. [PMID: 38610402 PMCID: PMC11014260 DOI: 10.3390/s24072191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Running is one of the most popular sports practiced today and biomechanical variables are fundamental to understanding it. The main objectives of this study are to describe kinetic, kinematic, and spatiotemporal variables measured using four inertial measurement units (IMUs) in runners during treadmill running, investigate the relationships between these variables, and describe differences associated with different data sampling and averaging strategies. A total of 22 healthy recreational runners (M age = 28 ± 5.57 yrs) participated in treadmill measurements, running at their preferred speed (M = 10.1 ± 1.9 km/h) with a set-up of four IMUs placed on tibias and the lumbar area. Raw data was processed and analysed over selections spanning 30 s, 30 steps and 1 step. Very strong positive associations were obtained between the same family variables in all selections. The temporal variables were inversely associated with the step rate variable in the selection of 30 s and 30 steps of data. There were moderate associations between kinetic (forces) and kinematic (displacement) variables. There were no significant differences between the biomechanics variables in any selection. Our results suggest that a 4-IMU set-up, as presented in this study, is a viable approach for parameterization of the biomechanical variables in running, and also that there are no significant differences in the biomechanical variables studied independently, if we select data from 30 s, 30 steps or 1 step for processing and analysis. These results can assist in the methodological aspects of protocol design in future running research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pareja-Cano
- Grupo Clinimetría en Fisioterapia (CTS 631), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (Á.P.-C.); (J.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand) Grupo Clinimetria (F-14), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - José María Arjona
- Grupo Clinimetría en Fisioterapia (CTS 631), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (Á.P.-C.); (J.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand) Grupo Clinimetria (F-14), 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain
| | - Brian Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Insight Centre, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Cuesta-Vargas
- Grupo Clinimetría en Fisioterapia (CTS 631), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (Á.P.-C.); (J.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand) Grupo Clinimetria (F-14), 29590 Málaga, Spain
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20
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Jimenez-Olmedo JM, Tortosa-Martínez J, Cortell-Tormo JM, Pueo B. Assessing the Validity of the Ergotex IMU in Joint Angle Measurement: A Comparative Study with Optical Tracking Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1903. [PMID: 38544165 PMCID: PMC10974527 DOI: 10.3390/s24061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/27/2025]
Abstract
An observational, repeated measures design was used in this study to assess the validity of the Ergotex Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) against a 3D motion capture system for measuring trunk, hip, and shoulder angles in ten healthy adult males (38.8 ± 7.3 y, bodyweight 79.2 ± 115.9 kg, body height 179.1 ± 8.1 cm). There were minimal systematic differences between the devices, with the most significant discrepancy being 1.4 degrees for the 80-degree target angle, denoting Ergotex's precision in joint angle measurements. These results were statistically significant (p < 0.001), with predominantly trivial to small effect sizes, indicating high accuracy for clinical and biomechanical applications. Bland-Altman analysis showed Limits of Agreement (LoA) approximately ±2.5 degrees across all angles and positions, with overall LoA ranging from 3.6 to -2.4 degrees, reflecting Ergotex's consistent performance. Regression analysis indicated uniform variance across measurements, with minor heteroscedastic errors producing a negligible underestimation trend of around 0.5 degrees in some instances. In conclusion, the Ergotex IMU is a reliable tool for accurate joint angle measurements. It offers a practical and cost-effective alternative to more complex systems, particularly in settings where precise measurement is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M. Cortell-Tormo
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (J.M.J.-O.); (J.T.-M.); (B.P.)
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21
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Beange KHE, Chan ADC, Graham RB. Investigating concurrent validity of inertial sensors to evaluate multiplanar spine movement. J Biomech 2024; 164:111939. [PMID: 38310004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer a portable and inexpensive alternative to traditional optical motion capture systems, and have potential to support clinical diagnosis and treatment of low back pain; however, due to a lack of confidence regarding the validity of IMU-derived metrics, their uptake and acceptance remain a challenge. The objective of this work was to assess the concurrent validity of the Xsens DOT IMUs for tracking multiplanar spine movement, and to evaluate concurrent validity and reliability for estimating clinically relevant metrics relative to gold-standard optical motion capture equipment. Ten healthy controls performed spine range of motion (ROM) tasks, while data were simultaneously tracked from IMUs and optical marker clusters placed over the C7, T12, and S1 vertebrae. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) were calculated to assess validity and reliability of absolute (abs; C7, T12, and S1 sensors) and relative joint (rel; intersegmental thoracic, lumbar, and total) motion. Overall RMSEabs = 1.33°, MAEabs = 0.74° ± 0.69, and ICC2,1,abs = 0.953 across all movements, sensors, and planes. Results were slightly better for uniplanar movements when evaluating the primary rotation axis (prim) absolute ROM (MAEabs,prim = 0.56° ± 0.49; ICC2,1,abs,prim = 0.999). Similarly, when evaluating relative intersegmental motion, overall RMSErel = 2.39°, MAErel = 1.10° ± 0.96, and ICC2,1,rel = 0.950, and relative primary rotation axis achieved MAErel,prim = 0.87° ± 0.77, and ICC2,1,rel,prim = 0.994. Findings from this study suggest that these IMUs can be considered valid for tracking multiplanar spine movement, and may be used to objectively assess spine movement and neuromuscular control in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H E Beange
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian D C Chan
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan B Graham
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Yin W, Chen Y, Reddy C, Zheng L, Mehta RK, Zhang X. Flexible sensor-based biomechanical evaluation of low-back exoskeleton use in lifting. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:182-193. [PMID: 37204270 PMCID: PMC11519950 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2216408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish an ambulatory field-friendly system based on miniaturised wireless flexible sensors for studying the biomechanics of human-exoskeleton interactions. Twelve healthy adults performed symmetric lifting with and without a passive low-back exoskeleton, while their movements were tracked using both a flexible sensor system and a conventional motion capture (MoCap) system synchronously. Novel algorithms were developed to convert the raw acceleration, gyroscope, and biopotential signals from the flexible sensors into kinematic and dynamic measures. Results showed that these measures were highly correlated with those obtained from the MoCap system and discerned the effects of the exoskeleton, including increased peak lumbar flexion, decreased peak hip flexion, and decreased lumbar flexion moment and back muscle activities. The study demonstrated the promise of an integrated flexible sensor-based system for biomechanics and ergonomics field studies as well as the efficacy of exoskeleton in relieving the low-back stress associated with manual lifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yinong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Curran Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Liying Zheng
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ranjana K. Mehta
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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23
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Netukova S, Horakova L, Szabo Z, Krupicka R. Beyond timing and step counting in 360° turning-in-place assessment: a scoping review. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:13. [PMID: 38297359 PMCID: PMC10832107 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turning in place is a challenging motor task and is used as a brief assessment test of lower limb function and dynamic balance. This review aims to examine how research of instrumented analysis of turning in place is implemented. In addition to reporting the studied population, we covered acquisition systems, turn detection methods, quantitative parameters, and how these parameters are computed. METHODS Following the development of a rigorous search strategy, the Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched for studies involving the use of turning-in-place. From the selected articles, the study population, types of instruments used, turn detection method, and how the turning-in-place characteristics were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-one papers met the inclusion criteria. The subject groups involved in the reviewed studies included young, middle-aged, and older adults, stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease patients. Inertial measurement units (16 studies) and motion camera systems (5 studies) were employed for gathering measurement data, force platforms were rarely used (2 studies). Two studies used commercial software for turn detection, six studies referenced previously published algorithms, two studies developed a custom detector, and eight studies did not provide any details about the turn detection method. The most frequently used parameters were mean angular velocity (14 cases, 7 studies), turn duration (13 cases, 13 studies), peak angular velocity (8 cases, 8 studies), jerkiness (6 cases, 5 studies) and freezing-of-gait ratios (5 cases, 5 studies). Angular velocities were derived from sensors placed on the lower back (7 cases, 4 studies), trunk (4 cases, 2 studies), and shank (2 cases, 1 study). The rest (9 cases, 8 studies) did not report sensor placement. Calculation of the freezing-of-gait ratio was based on the acceleration of the lower limbs in all cases. Jerkiness computation employed acceleration in the medio-lateral (4 cases) and antero-posterior (1 case) direction. One study did not reported any details about jerkiness computation. CONCLUSION This review identified the capabilities of turning-in-place assessment in identifying movement differences between the various subject groups. The results, based on data acquired by inertial measurement units across studies, are comparable. A more in-depth analysis of tests developed for gait, which has been adopted in turning-in-place, is needed to examine their validity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavka Netukova
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Czech Technical University, Nam Sitna 3105, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Horakova
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Czech Technical University, Nam Sitna 3105, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Czech Technical University, Nam Sitna 3105, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Krupicka
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Czech Technical University, Nam Sitna 3105, Prague, Czech Republic
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García-Luna MA, Jimenez-Olmedo JM, Pueo B, Manchado C, Cortell-Tormo JM. Concurrent Validity of the Ergotex Device for Measuring Low Back Posture. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:98. [PMID: 38275578 PMCID: PMC10812927 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Highlighting the crucial role of monitoring and quantifying lumbopelvic rhythm for spinal curvature, the Ergotex IMU, a portable, lightweight, cost-effective, and energy-efficient technology, has been specifically designed for the pelvic and lumbar area. This study investigates the concurrent validity of the Ergotex device in measuring sagittal pelvic tilt angle. We utilized an observational, repeated measures design with healthy adult males (mean age: 39.3 ± 7.6 y, body mass: 82.2 ± 13.0 kg, body height: 179 ± 8 cm), comparing Ergotex with a 3D optical tracking system. Participants performed pelvic tilt movements in anterior, neutral, and posterior conditions. Statistical analysis included paired samples t-tests, Bland-Altman plots, and regression analysis. The findings show minimal systematic error (0.08° overall) and high agreement between the Ergotex and optical tracking, with most data points falling within limits of agreement of Bland-Altman plots (around ±2°). Significant differences were observed only in the anterior condition (0.35°, p < 0.05), with trivial effect sizes (ES = 0.08), indicating that these differences may not be clinically meaningful. The high Pearson's correlation coefficients across conditions underscore a robust linear relationship between devices (r > 0.9 for all conditions). Regression analysis showed a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 1.1° with small effect (standardized SEE < 0.26 for all conditions), meaning that the expected average deviation from the true value is around 1°. These findings validate the Ergotex as an effective, portable, and cost-efficient tool for assessing sagittal pelvic tilt, with practical implications in clinical and sports settings where traditional methods might be impractical or costly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. García-Luna
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
| | - Basilio Pueo
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
| | - Carmen Manchado
- Sports Coaching and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Cortell-Tormo
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
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Lorenz EA, Su X, Skjæret-Maroni N. A review of combined functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38172799 PMCID: PMC10765727 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advancements in functional neuroimaging and motion capture have led to the development of novel methods that facilitate the diagnosis and rehabilitation of motor deficits. These advancements allow for the synchronous acquisition and analysis of complex signal streams of neurophysiological data (e.g., EEG, fNIRS) and behavioral data (e.g., motion capture). The fusion of those data streams has the potential to provide new insights into cortical mechanisms during movement, guide the development of rehabilitation practices, and become a tool for assessment and therapy in neurorehabilitation. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This paper aims to review the existing literature on the combined use of motion capture and functional neuroimaging in motor rehabilitation. The objective is to understand the diversity and maturity of technological solutions employed and explore the clinical advantages of this multimodal approach. METHODS This paper reviews literature related to the combined use of functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation following the PRISMA guidelines. Besides study and participant characteristics, technological aspects of the used systems, signal processing methods, and the nature of multimodal feature synchronization and fusion were extracted. RESULTS Out of 908 publications, 19 were included in the final review. Basic or translation studies were mainly represented and based predominantly on healthy participants or stroke patients. EEG and mechanical motion capture technologies were most used for biomechanical data acquisition, and their subsequent processing is based mainly on traditional methods. The system synchronization techniques at large were underreported. The fusion of multimodal features mainly supported the identification of movement-related cortical activity, and statistical methods were occasionally employed to examine cortico-kinematic relationships. CONCLUSION The fusion of motion capture and functional neuroimaging might offer advantages for motor rehabilitation in the future. Besides facilitating the assessment of cognitive processes in real-world settings, it could also improve rehabilitative devices' usability in clinical environments. Further, by better understanding cortico-peripheral coupling, new neuro-rehabilitation methods can be developed, such as personalized proprioceptive training. However, further research is needed to advance our knowledge of cortical-peripheral coupling, evaluate the validity and reliability of multimodal parameters, and enhance user-friendly technologies for clinical adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A Lorenz
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Skjæret-Maroni
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Biró A, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Szilágyi L. AI-Assisted Fatigue and Stamina Control for Performance Sports on IMU-Generated Multivariate Times Series Datasets. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:132. [PMID: 38202992 PMCID: PMC10781393 DOI: 10.3390/s24010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal sports performance requires a balance between intensive training and adequate rest. IMUs provide objective, quantifiable data to analyze performance dynamics, despite the challenges in quantifying athlete training loads. The ability of AI to analyze complex datasets brings innovation to the monitoring and optimization of athlete training cycles. Traditional techniques rely on subjective assessments to prevent overtraining, which can lead to injury and underperformance. IMUs provide objective, quantitative data on athletes' physical status during action. AI and machine learning can turn these data into useful insights, enabling data-driven athlete performance management. With IMU-generated multivariate time series data, this paper uses AI to construct a robust model for predicting fatigue and stamina. MATERIALS AND METHODS IMUs linked to 19 athletes recorded triaxial acceleration, angular velocity, and magnetic orientation throughout repeated sessions. Standardized training included steady-pace runs and fatigue-inducing techniques. The raw time series data were used to train a supervised ML model based on frequency and time-domain characteristics. The performances of Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machines, and LSTM networks were compared. A feedback loop adjusted the model in real time based on prediction error and bias estimation. RESULTS The AI model demonstrated high predictive accuracy for fatigue, showing significant correlations between predicted fatigue levels and observed declines in performance. Stamina predictions enabled individualized training adjustments that were in sync with athletes' physiological thresholds. Bias correction mechanisms proved effective in minimizing systematic prediction errors. Moreover, real-time adaptations of the model led to enhanced training periodization strategies, reducing the risk of overtraining and improving overall athletic performance. CONCLUSIONS In sports performance analytics, the AI-assisted model using IMU multivariate time series data is effective. Training can be tailored and constantly altered because the model accurately predicts fatigue and stamina. AI models can effectively forecast the beginning of weariness before any physical symptoms appear. This allows for timely interventions to prevent overtraining and potential accidents. The model shows an exceptional ability to customize training programs according to the physiological reactions of each athlete and enhance the overall training effectiveness. In addition, the study demonstrated the model's efficacy in real-time monitoring performance, improving the decision-making abilities of both coaches and athletes. The approach enables ongoing and thorough data analysis, supporting strategic planning for training and competition, resulting in optimized performance outcomes. These findings highlight the revolutionary capability of AI in sports science, offering a future where data-driven methods greatly enhance athlete training and performance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Biró
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Str. Nicolae Iorga, Nr. 1, 540088 Targu Mures, Romania
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Clinical Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - László Szilágyi
- Physiological Controls Research Center, Óbuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary;
- Computational Intelligence Research Group, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, 540485 Targu Mures, Romania
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Cuesta-Vargas AI, Fuentes-Abolafio IJ, García-Conejo C, Díaz-Balboa E, Trinidad-Fernández M, Gutiérrez-Sánchez D, Escriche-Escuder A, Cobos-Palacios L, López-Sampalo A, Pérez-Ruíz JM, Roldán-Jiménez C, Pérez-Velasco MA, Mora-Robles J, López-Carmona MD, Pérez-Cruzado D, Martín-Martín J, Pérez-Belmonte LM. Effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation program on biomechanical, imaging, and physiological biomarkers in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): FUNNEL + study protocol. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:550. [PMID: 37950216 PMCID: PMC10638727 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have a low functional status, which in turn is a risk factor for hospital admission and an important predictor of survival in HFpEF. HFpFE is a heterogeneous syndrome and recent studies have suggested an important role for careful, pathophysiological-based phenotyping to improve patient characterization. Cardiac rehabilitation has proven to be a useful tool in the framework of secondary prevention in patients with HFpEF. Facilitating decision-making and implementing cardiac rehabilitation programs is a challenge in public health systems for HFpEF management. The FUNNEL + study proposes to evaluate the efficacy of an exercise and education-based cardiac rehabilitation program on biomechanical, physiological, and imaging biomarkers in patients with HFpEF. METHODS A randomised crossover clinical trial is presented among people older than 70 years with a diagnosis of HFpEF. The experimental group will receive a cardiac rehabilitation intervention for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group will receive one educational session per week for 12 weeks on HFpEF complications, functional decline, and healthy lifestyle habits. VO2peak is the primary outcome. Biomechanical, imaging and physiological biomarkers will be assessed as secondary outcomes. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. DISCUSSION Identifying objective functional parameters indicative of HFpEF and the subsequent development of functional level stratification based on functional impairment ("biomechanical phenotypes") may help clinicians identify cardiac rehabilitation responders and non-responders and make future clinical decisions. In this way, future pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as exercise, could be improved and tailored to improve quality of life and prognosis and reducing patients' hospital readmissions, thereby reducing healthcare costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05393362 (Clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| | - Iván José Fuentes-Abolafio
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Celia García-Conejo
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Díaz-Balboa
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, 29071, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus de Oza, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Trinidad-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Andalucía TechMálaga, Spain
| | - Adrián Escriche-Escuder
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Lidia Cobos-Palacios
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Almudena López-Sampalo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Pérez-Ruíz
- Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Roldán-Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Pérez-Velasco
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Mora-Robles
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores López-Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Cruzado
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín-Martín
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Area de Medicina Legal, Departamento de Anatomia Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma-Bionand, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Brambilla C, Marani R, Romeo L, Lavit Nicora M, Storm FA, Reni G, Malosio M, D'Orazio T, Scano A. Azure Kinect performance evaluation for human motion and upper limb biomechanical analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21606. [PMID: 38027881 PMCID: PMC10663858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human motion tracking is a valuable task for many medical applications. Marker-based optoelectronic systems are considered the gold standard in human motion tracking. However, their use is not always feasible in clinics and industrial environments. On the other hand, marker-less sensors became valuable tools, as they are inexpensive, noninvasive and easy to use. However, their accuracy can depend on many factors including sensor positioning, light conditions and body occlusions. In this study, following previous works on the feasibility of marker-less systems for human motion monitoring, we investigate the performance of the Microsoft Azure Kinect sensor in computing kinematic and dynamic measurements of static postures and dynamic movements. According to our knowledge, it is the first time that this sensor is compared with a Vicon marker-based system to assess the best camera positioning while observing the upper body part movements of people performing several tasks. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were monitored to evaluate the effects of the several testing conditions, including the Azure Kinect positions, the light conditions, and lower limbs occlusions, on the tracking accuracy of kinematic, dynamic, and motor control parameters. From the statistical analysis of the performed measurements, the camera in the frontal position was the most reliable, the lighting conditions had almost no effects on the tracking accuracy, while the lower limbs occlusion worsened the accuracy of the upper limbs. The assessment of human static postures and dynamic movements based on experimental data proves the feasibility of applying the Azure Kinect to the biomechanical monitoring of human motion in several fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Brambilla
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Italy
| | - Roberto Marani
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Italy
| | - Laura Romeo
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Italy
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Lavit Nicora
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Italy
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio A. Storm
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Reni
- Informatics Department, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Malosio
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Italy
| | - Tiziana D'Orazio
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Italy
| | - Alessandro Scano
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Italy
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Johnson K, Swinton P, Pavlova A, Cooper K. Manual patient handling in the healthcare setting: a scoping review. Physiotherapy 2023; 120:60-77. [PMID: 37393883 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manual patient handling is the most frequently reported risk factor for work related musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare. Patient handling tasks are routinely performed manually without assistive devices and can create awkward postures and high loads for nurses and allied health professionals (AHPs). However, AHPs, notably physiotherapists, also utilize therapeutic handling to facilitate patient movement during rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively map the literature surrounding manual patient handling (without assistive devices) by healthcare practitioners. METHODS AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and EMBASE databases were searched. Grey literature was sourced from Google Scholar, EThOS, Open Grey, Health and Safety Executive, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Work Safe Australia. Literature published in English between 2002 and 2021 was included. RESULTS Forty-nine records were included: 36 primary research studies, 1 systematic review and 12 'other' including narrative and government reports. Primary research was predominantly observational cross-sectional (n = 21). The most common settings included laboratories (n = 13) and hospitals (n = 13). Seven research questions were identified, with patient handling practices (n = 13) the most common. Nurses formed the largest practitioner population (n = 13) and patients were often simulated (n = 12). Common outcomes included tasks performed (n = 13) and physical demands during patient handling (n = 13). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS This comprehensive scoping review identified that most research was observational, investigating nurses in hospitals or laboratories. More research on manual patient handling by AHPs and investigation of the biomechanics involved in therapeutic handling is needed. Further qualitative research would allow for greater understanding of manual patient handling practices within healthcare. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Johnson
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QE, UK.
| | - Paul Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QE, UK
| | - Anastasia Pavlova
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QE, UK; Scottish Centre for Evidence-based, Multi-professional Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, UK
| | - Kay Cooper
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QE, UK; Scottish Centre for Evidence-based, Multi-professional Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, UK
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Kaszyński J, Baka C, Białecka M, Lubiatowski P. Shoulder Range of Motion Measurement Using Inertial Measurement Unit-Concurrent Validity and Reliability. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7499. [PMID: 37687955 PMCID: PMC10490745 DOI: 10.3390/s23177499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the RSQ Motion sensor and its validity against the Propriometer and electronic goniometer in measuring the active range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder. The study included 15 volunteers (mean age 24.73 ± 3.31) without any clinical symptoms with no history of trauma, disease, or surgery to the upper limb. Four movements were tested: flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation. Validation was assessed in the full range of active shoulder motion. Reliability was revised in full active ROM, a fixed angle of 90 degrees for flexion and abduction, and 45 degrees for internal and external rotation. Each participant was assessed three times: on the first day by both testers and on the second day only by one of the testers. Goniometer and RSQ Motion sensors showed moderate to excellent correlation for all tested movements (ICC 0.61-0.97, LOA < 23 degrees). Analysis of inter-rater reliability showed good to excellent agreement between both testers (ICC 0.74-0.97, LOA 13-35 degrees). Analysis of intra-rater reliability showed moderate to a good agreement (ICC 0.7-0.88, LOA 22-37 degrees). The shoulder internal and external rotation measurement with RSQ Motion sensors is valid and reliable. There is a high level of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for the RSQ Motion sensors and Propriometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kaszyński
- Rehasport Clinic, Gorecka 30, 60-201 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Cezary Baka
- Rehasport Clinic, Gorecka 30, 60-201 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Martyna Białecka
- Rehasport Clinic, Gorecka 30, 60-201 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (P.L.)
- The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Lubiatowski
- Rehasport Clinic, Gorecka 30, 60-201 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (P.L.)
- Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956, No. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
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Lee R, Akhundov R, James C, Edwards S, Snodgrass SJ. Variations in Concurrent Validity of Two Independent Inertial Measurement Units Compared to Gold Standard for Upper Body Posture during Computerised Device Use. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6761. [PMID: 37571544 PMCID: PMC10422555 DOI: 10.3390/s23156761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) may provide an objective method for measuring posture during computer use, but research is needed to validate IMUs' accuracy. We examine the concurrent validity of two different IMU systems in measuring three-dimensional (3D) upper body posture relative to a motion capture system (Mocap) as a potential device to assess postures outside a laboratory environment. We used 3D Mocap and two IMU systems (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) to capture the upper body posture of twenty-six individuals during three physical computer working conditions (monitor correct, monitor raised, and laptop). Coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) compared IMUs to Mocap. Head/neck segment [HN], upper trunk segment [UTS], and joint angle [HN-UTS] were the primary variables. Wi-Fi IMUs demonstrated high validity for HN and UTS (sagittal plane) and HN-UTS (frontal plane) for all conditions, and for HN rotation movements (both for the monitor correct and monitor raised conditions), others moderate to poor. Bluetooth IMUs for HN, and UTS (sagittal plane) for the monitor correct, laptop, and monitor raised conditions were moderate. Frontal plane movements except UTS (monitor correct and laptop) and all rotation had poor validity. Both IMU systems were affected by gyroscopic drift with sporadic data loss in Bluetooth IMUs. Wi-Fi IMUs had more acceptable accuracy when measuring upper body posture during computer use compared to Mocap, except for trunk rotations. Variation in IMU systems' performance suggests validation in the task-specific movement(s) is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lee
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Riad Akhundov
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Carole James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suzi Edwards
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Snodgrass
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Fang Z, Woodford S, Senanayake D, Ackland D. Conversion of Upper-Limb Inertial Measurement Unit Data to Joint Angles: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6535. [PMID: 37514829 PMCID: PMC10386307 DOI: 10.3390/s23146535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have become the mainstay in human motion evaluation outside of the laboratory; however, quantification of 3-dimensional upper limb motion using IMUs remains challenging. The objective of this systematic review is twofold. Firstly, to evaluate computational methods used to convert IMU data to joint angles in the upper limb, including for the scapulothoracic, humerothoracic, glenohumeral, and elbow joints; and secondly, to quantify the accuracy of these approaches when compared to optoelectronic motion analysis. Fifty-two studies were included. Maximum joint motion measurement accuracy from IMUs was achieved using Euler angle decomposition and Kalman-based filters. This resulted in differences between IMU and optoelectronic motion analysis of 4° across all degrees of freedom of humerothoracic movement. Higher accuracy has been achieved at the elbow joint with functional joint axis calibration tasks and the use of kinematic constraints on gyroscope data, resulting in RMS errors between IMU and optoelectronic motion for flexion-extension as low as 2°. For the glenohumeral joint, 3D joint motion has been described with RMS errors of 6° and higher. In contrast, scapulothoracic joint motion tracking yielded RMS errors in excess of 10° in the protraction-retraction and anterior-posterior tilt direction. The findings of this study demonstrate high-quality 3D humerothoracic and elbow joint motion measurement capability using IMUs and underscore the challenges of skin motion artifacts in scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint motion analysis. Future studies ought to implement functional joint axis calibrations, and IMU-based scapula locators to address skin motion artifacts at the scapula, and explore the use of artificial neural networks and data-driven approaches to directly convert IMU data to joint angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Z.F.); (S.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Sarah Woodford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Z.F.); (S.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Damith Senanayake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Z.F.); (S.W.); (D.S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - David Ackland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Z.F.); (S.W.); (D.S.)
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Palmieri M, Donno L, Cimolin V, Galli M. Cervical Range of Motion Assessment through Inertial Technology: A Validity and Reliability Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6013. [PMID: 37447862 DOI: 10.3390/s23136013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Inertial technology has spread widely for its comfortable use and adaptability to various motor tasks. The main objective of this study was to assess the validity of inertial measurements of the cervical spine range of motion (CROM) when compared to that of the optoelectronic system in a group of healthy individuals. A further aim of this study was to determine the optimal placement of the inertial sensor in terms of reliability of the measure, comparing measurements obtained from the same device placed at the second cervical vertebra (C2), the forehead (F) and the external occipital protuberance (EOP). Twenty healthy subjects were recruited and asked to perform flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation movements of the head. Outcome measurements of interest were CROM and mean angular velocities for each cervical movement. Results showed that inertial measurements have good reliability (0.75 < ICC < 0.9). Excellent reliability (ICC > 0.9) was found in both flexion and right lateral bending angles. All parameters extracted with EOP placement showed ICC > 0.62, while ICC < 0.5 was found in lateral bending mean angular velocities both for F and C2 placements. Therefore, the optimal sensor's positioning emerged to be EOP. These results suggest that inertial technology could be useful and reliable for the evaluation of the CROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palmieri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Donno
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Cimolin
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Sharifi-Renani M, Mahoor MH, Clary CW. BioMAT: An Open-Source Biomechanics Multi-Activity Transformer for Joint Kinematic Predictions Using Wearable Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5778. [PMID: 37447628 DOI: 10.3390/s23135778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Through wearable sensors and deep learning techniques, biomechanical analysis can reach beyond the lab for clinical and sporting applications. Transformers, a class of recent deep learning models, have become widely used in state-of-the-art artificial intelligence research due to their superior performance in various natural language processing and computer vision tasks. The performance of transformer models has not yet been investigated in biomechanics applications. In this study, we introduce a Biomechanical Multi-activity Transformer-based model, BioMAT, for the estimation of joint kinematics from streaming signals of multiple inertia measurement units (IMUs) using a publicly available dataset. This dataset includes IMU signals and the corresponding sagittal plane kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during multiple activities of daily living. We evaluated the model's performance and generalizability and compared it against a convolutional neural network long short-term model, a bidirectional long short-term model, and multi-linear regression across different ambulation tasks including level ground walking (LW), ramp ascent (RA), ramp descent (RD), stair ascent (SA), and stair descent (SD). To investigate the effect of different activity datasets on prediction accuracy, we compared the performance of a universal model trained on all activities against task-specific models trained on individual tasks. When the models were tested on three unseen subjects' data, BioMAT outperformed the benchmark models with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.5 ± 0.5°, and normalized RMSE of 6.8 ± 0.3° across all three joints and all activities. A unified BioMAT model demonstrated superior performance compared to individual task-specific models across four of five activities. The RMSE values from the universal model for LW, RA, RD, SA, and SD activities were 5.0 ± 1.5°, 6.2 ± 1.1°, 5.8 ± 1.1°, 5.3 ± 1.6°, and 5.2 ± 0.7° while these values for task-specific models were, 5.3 ± 2.1°, 6.7 ± 2.0°, 6.9 ± 2.2°, 4.9 ± 1.4°, and 5.6 ± 1.3°, respectively. Overall, BioMAT accurately estimated joint kinematics relative to previous machine learning algorithms across different activities directly from the sequence of IMUs signals instead of time-normalized gait cycle data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad H Mahoor
- Computer Vision and Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Chadd W Clary
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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Chen H, Schall MC, Fethke NB. Gyroscope vector magnitude: A proposed method for measuring angular velocities. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 109:103981. [PMID: 36739779 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High movement velocities are among the primary risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Ergonomists have commonly used two methods to calculate angular movement velocities of the upper arms using inertial measurement units (accelerometers and gyroscopes). Generalized velocity is the speed of movement traveled on the unit sphere per unit time. Inclination velocity is the derivative of the postural inclination angle relative to gravity with respect to time. Neither method captures the full extent of upper arm angular velocity. We propose a new method, the gyroscope vector magnitude (GVM), and demonstrate how GVM captures angular velocities around all motion axes and more accurately represents the true angular velocities of the upper arm. We use optical motion capture data to demonstrate that the previous methods for calculating angular velocities capture 89% and 77% relative to our proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Chen
- Industrial & Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Department, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Mark C Schall
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nathan B Fethke
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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36
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Kim JH, Vaughan A, Kincl L. Characterization of Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in Dungeness Crab Fishing. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:309-320. [PMID: 35440281 PMCID: PMC9869738 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2022.2068715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Commercial Dungeness crab fishermen's manual crab pot handling activities can be done in harsh outdoor working environments at sea and can pose well-known physical risk factors associated with musculoskeletal injury including forceful exertion, repetition and awkward posture. The nonfatal injury rate in this fishing fleet is 3.4 per 1,000 full-time equivalent workers. Two-thirds of self-reported injuries in the fleet were musculoskeletal sprains and strains. To date, no objective biomechanical assessment of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk has been conducted due to the challenging work environment. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of collecting objective biomechanical assessments (i.e., posture and repetition) using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors placed on the arms and torso of professional deckhands (n = 7) while at sea, harvesting Dungeness crab. Based on the IMU-measured posture data, fishermen's anthropometry, and crab pot weights, biomechanical loading of the low back and both shoulders was estimated. RESULTS The IMU sensor data showed that commercial Dungeness crab fishing is highly repetitive and poses awkward postures in the shoulders and back. The estimated static low back compression, shear force, and flexion moment about the shoulders and low back (L5/S1) indicate potential injury risk associated with harvesting crab. CONCLUSION The results indicate that objective biomechanical assessment using the IMU sensors is feasible in the commercial fishing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ho Kim
- Environmental and Occupational Health Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Amelia Vaughan
- Environmental and Occupational Health Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Environmental and Occupational Health Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Mantashloo Z, Abbasi A, Tazji MK, Pedram MM. Lower body kinematics estimation during walking using an accelerometer. J Biomech 2023; 151:111548. [PMID: 36944294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Measuring and predicting accurate joint angles are important to developing analytical tools to gauge users' progress. Such measurement is usually performed in laboratory settings, which is difficult and expensive. So, the aim of this study was continuous estimation of lower limb joint angles during walking using an accelerometer and random forest (RF). Thus, 73 subjects (26 women and 47 men) voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects walked at the slow, moderate, and fast speeds on a walkway, which was covered with 10 Vicon camera. Acceleration was used as input for a RF to estimate ankle, knee, and hip angles (in transverse, frontal, and sagittal planes). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and Mean Square Error (MSE) were computed between the experimental and estimated data. Paired statistical parametric mapping (SPM) t-test was used to compare the experimental and estimated data throughout gait cycle. The results of this study showed that the MSE of joint angles between the experimental and estimated data ranged from 0.04 to 24.29 and r > 0.91. Moreover, the findings of SPM indicated that there was no significant difference between the experimental and estimated data of ankle, knee, and hip angles in all three planes throughout gait cycle. The results of our research developed a more accessible, portable procedure to quantifying lower limb joint angles by an accelerometer and RF. So, such wearable-based joint angles have the potential to be used in outside-laboratory settings to measure walking kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Mantashloo
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Mohsen Pedram
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Ruiz-Malagón EJ, García-Pinillos F, Molina-Molina A, Soto-Hermoso VM, Ruiz-Alias SA. RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ Validation for Measuring Pelvic Kinematics during Human Locomotion at Different Speeds. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2604. [PMID: 36904808 PMCID: PMC10007442 DOI: 10.3390/s23052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic motion capture systems are considered the gold standard for measuring walking and running kinematics parameters. However, these systems prerequisites are not feasible for practitioners as they entail a laboratory environment and time to process and calculate the data. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the validity of the three-sensor RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ inertial measurement unit (IMU) in measuring pelvic kinematics in terms of vertical oscillation, tilt, obliquity, rotational range of motion, and the maximum angular rates during walking and running on a treadmill. Pelvic kinematic parameters were measured simultaneously using an eight-camera motion analysis system (Qualisys Medical AB, GÖTEBORG, Sweden) and the three-sensor RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ (Scribe Lab. Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA) in a sample of 16 healthy young adults. An acceptable level of agreement was considered if the following criteria were met: low bias and SEE (<0.2 times the between-subject differences SD), almost perfect (r > 0.90), and good reliability (ICC > 0.81). The results obtained reveal that the three-sensor RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ IMU did not reach the validity criteria established for any of the variables and velocities tested. The results obtained therefore show significant differences between the systems for the pelvic kinematic parameters measured during both walking and running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Felipe García-Pinillos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | | | - Víctor M. Soto-Hermoso
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago A. Ruiz-Alias
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Perpiñá-Martínez S, Arguisuelas-Martínez MD, Pérez-Domínguez B, Nacher-Moltó I, Martínez-Gramage J. Differences between Sexes and Speed Levels in Pelvic 3D Kinematic Patterns during Running Using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3631. [PMID: 36834324 PMCID: PMC9961938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the 3D kinematic pattern of the pelvis during running and establish differences between sexes using the IMU sensor for spatiotemporal outcomes, vertical acceleration symmetry index, and ranges of motion of the pelvis in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes of movement. The kinematic range in males was 5.92°-6.50°, according to tilt. The range of obliquity was between 7.84° and 9.27° and between 9.69° and 13.60°, according to pelvic rotation. In females, the results were 6.26°-7.36°, 7.81°-9.64°, and 13.2°-16.13°, respectively. Stride length increased proportionally to speed in males and females. The reliability of the inertial sensor according to tilt and gait symmetry showed good results, and the reliability levels were excellent for cadence parameters, stride length, stride time, obliquity, and pelvic rotation. The amplitude of pelvic tilt did not change at different speed levels between sexes. The range of pelvic obliquity increased in females at a medium speed level, and the pelvic rotation range increased during running, according to speed and sex. The inertial sensor has been proven to be a reliable tool for kinematic analysis during running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perpiñá-Martínez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy Salus Infirmorum, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 37002 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ivan Nacher-Moltó
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Gramage
- Head of Human Motion & Biomechanics in DAWAKO Medtech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Reneaud N, Zory R, Guérin O, Thomas L, Colson SS, Gerus P, Chorin F. Validation of 3D Knee Kinematics during Gait on Treadmill with an Instrumented Knee Brace. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1812. [PMID: 36850411 PMCID: PMC9968020 DOI: 10.3390/s23041812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To test a novel instrumented knee brace intended for use as a rehabilitation system, based on inertial measurement units (IMU) to monitor home-based exercises, the device was compared to the gold standard of motion analysis. The purpose was to validate a new calibration method through functional tasks and assessed the value of adding magnetometers for motion analysis. Thirteen healthy young adults performed a 60-second gait test at a comfortable walking speed on a treadmill. Knee kinematics were captured simultaneously, using the instrumented knee brace and an optoelectronic camera system (OCS). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed excellent reliability for the three axes of rotation with and without magnetometers, with values ranging between 0.900 and 0.972. Pearson's r coefficient showed good to excellent correlation for the three axes, with the root mean square error (RMSE) under 3° with the IMUs and slightly higher with the magnetometers. The instrumented knee brace obtained certain clinical parameters, as did the OCS. The instrumented knee brace seems to be a valid tool to assess ambulatory knee kinematics, with an RMSE of <3°, which is sufficient for clinical interpretations. Indeed, this portable system can obtain certain clinical parameters just as well as the gold standard of motion analysis. However, the addition of magnetometers showed no significant advantage in terms of enhancing accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Reneaud
- Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS, 06205 Nice, France
- Ted Orthopedics, 37 Rue Guibal, 13003 Marseille, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Raphaël Zory
- Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS, 06205 Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Guérin
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Luc Thomas
- Ted Orthopedics, 37 Rue Guibal, 13003 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Chorin
- Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS, 06205 Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, 06000 Nice, France
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Rattanakoch J, Samala M, Limroongreungrat W, Guerra G, Tharawadeepimuk K, Nanbancha A, Niamsang W, Kerdsomnuek P, Suwanmana S. Validity and Reliability of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-Derived 3D Joint Kinematics in Persons Wearing Transtibial Prosthesis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1738. [PMID: 36772783 PMCID: PMC9920655 DOI: 10.3390/s23031738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A validity and reliability assessment of inertial measurement unit (IMU)-derived joint angular kinematics during walking is a necessary step for motion analysis in the lower extremity prosthesis user population. This study aimed to assess the accuracy and reliability of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) system compared to an optical motion capture (OMC) system in transtibial prosthesis (TTP) users. METHODS Thirty TTP users were recruited and underwent simultaneous motion capture from IMU and OMC systems during walking. Reliability and validity were assessed using intra- and inter-subject variability with standard deviation (S.D.), average S.D., and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The intra-subject S.D. for all rotations of the lower limb joints were less than 1° for both systems. The IMU system had a lower mean S.D. (o), as seen in inter-subject variability. The ICC revealed good to excellent agreement between the two systems for all sagittal kinematic parameters. CONCLUSION All joint angular kinematic comparisons supported the IMU system's results as comparable to OMC. The IMU was capable of precise sagittal plane motion data and demonstrated validity and reliability to OMC. These findings evidence that when compared to OMC, an IMU system may serve well in evaluating the gait of lower limb prosthesis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutima Rattanakoch
- Sirindhorn School of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Manunchaya Samala
- Sirindhorn School of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Gary Guerra
- Exercise and Sport Science Department, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | | | - Ampika Nanbancha
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Wisavaporn Niamsang
- Sirindhorn School of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pichitpol Kerdsomnuek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sarit Suwanmana
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Roldán-Jiménez C, Cuadros-Romero M, Bennett P, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Differences in Tridimensional Shoulder Kinematics between Asymptomatic Subjects and Subjects Suffering from Rotator Cuff Tears by Means of Inertial Sensors: A Cross-Sectional Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1012. [PMID: 36679809 PMCID: PMC9864778 DOI: 10.3390/s23021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze differences in three-dimensional shoulder kinematics between asymptomatic subjects and patients who were diagnosed with rotator cuff tears. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 13 symptomatic subjects and 14 asymptomatic subjects. Data were obtained from three inertial sensors placed on the humerus, scapula and sternum. Kinematic data from the glenohumeral, scapulothoracic and thoracohumeral joints were also calculated. The participants performed shoulder abductions and flexions. The principal angles of movements and resultant vectors in each axis were studied. Results: The glenohumeral joint showed differences in abduction (p = 0.001) and flexion (p = 0.000), while differences in the scapulothoracic joint were only significant during flexion (p = 0.001). The asymptomatic group showed higher velocity values in all sensors for both movements, with the differences being significant (p < 0.007). Acceleration differences were found in the scapula during abduction (p = 0.001) and flexion (p = 0.014), as well as in the sternum only during shoulder abduction (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The results showed kinematic differences between the patients and asymptomatic subjects in terms of the mobility, velocity and acceleration variables, with lower values for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Roldán-Jiménez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Malaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Cuadros-Romero
- Unit of Upper Limb Orthopedic Surgery of Hospital, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Paul Bennett
- School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Malaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain
- School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4059, Australia
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Center of mass velocity comparison using a whole body magnetic inertial measurement unit system and force platforms in well trained sprinters in straight-line and curve sprinting. Gait Posture 2023; 99:90-97. [PMID: 36368241 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprint performance can be characterized through the centre of mass (COM) velocity over time. In-field computation of the COM is key in sprint training. RESEARCH QUESTION To compare the stance-averaged COM velocity computation from a Magneto-Inertial Measurement Units (MIMU) to a reference system: force platforms (FP), over the early acceleration phase in both straight and curve sprinting. METHODS Nineteen experienced-to-elite track sprinters performed 1 maximal sprint on both the straight and the curve (radius = 41.58 m) in a randomized order. Utilizing a MIMU-based system (Xsens MVN Link) and compared to FP (Kistler), COM velocity was computed with both systems. Averaged stance-by-stance COM velocity over straight-line and curve sprinting following the vertical axis (respectively VzMIMU and VzFP) and the norm of the two axes lying on the horizontal plane: x and y, approximately anteroposterior and mediolateral (respectively VxyMIMU and VxyFP) over the starting-blocks (SB) and initial acceleration (IA - composed out of the first four stances following the SB) were compared using mean bias, 95 % limits of agreements and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS 148 stances were analyzed. VxyMIMU mean bias was comprised between 0.26 % and 2.03 % (expressed in % with respect to the FP) for SB, 5.63 % and 7.29 % over IA respectively on the straight and the curve. Pearson's correlation coefficients ranged between 0.943 and 0.990 for Vxy, 0.423 and 0.938 for Vz. On the other hand, VzMIMU mean bias ranged between 2.33 % and 4.69 % for SB, between 1.44 % and 19.95 % over IA respectively on the straight and the curve SIGNIFICANCE: The present findings suggest that the MIMU-based system tested slightly underestimated VxyMIMU, though within narrow limits which supports its utilization. On the other hand, VzMIMU computation in sprint running is not fully mature yet. Therefore, this MIMU-based system represents an interesting device for in-fieldVxyMIMU computation either for straight-line and curve sprinting.
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Fuentes-Abolafio IJ, Trinidad-Fernández M, Escriche-Escuder A, Roldán-Jiménez C, Arjona-Caballero JM, Bernal-López MR, Ricci M, Gómez-Huelgas R, Pérez-Belmonte LM, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Kinematic Parameters That Can Discriminate in Levels of Functionality in the Six-Minute Walk Test in Patients with Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Clin Med 2022; 12:241. [PMID: 36615043 PMCID: PMC9821146 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenge to manage and assess heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is used in this clinical population as a functional test. The objective of the study was to assess gait and kinematic parameters in HFpEF patients during the 6MWT with an inertial sensor and to discriminate patients according to their performance in the 6MWT: (1) walk more or less than 300 m, (2) finish or stop the test, (3) women or men and (4) fallen or did not fall in the last year. A cross-sectional study was performed in patients with HFpEF older than 70 years. 6MWT was carried out in a closed corridor larger than 30 m. Two Shimmer3 inertial sensors were used in the chest and lumbar region. Pure kinematic parameters analysed were angular velocity and linear acceleration in the three axes. Using these data, an algorithm calculated gait kinematic parameters: total distance, lap time, gait speed and step and stride variables. Two analyses were done according to the performance. Student’s t-test measured differences between groups and receiver operating characteristic assessed discriminant ability. Seventy patients performed the 6MWT. Step time, step symmetry, stride time and stride symmetry in both analyses showed high AUC values (>0.75). More significant differences in velocity and acceleration in the maximum Y axis or vertical movements. Three pure kinematic parameters obtained good discriminant capacity (AUC > 0.75). The new methodology proved differences in gait and pure kinematic parameters that can distinguish two groups according to the performance in the 6MWT and they had discriminant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván José Fuentes-Abolafio
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F-14, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Trinidad-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F-14, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Adrian Escriche-Escuder
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F-14, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Roldán-Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F-14, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - José María Arjona-Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F-14, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisio-Patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Ricci
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisio-Patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Neurofisiología Cognitiva, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) Andalucía Tech, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría F-14, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Concurrent validity of DorsaVi wireless motion sensor system Version 6 and the Vicon motion analysis system during lifting. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:909. [PMID: 36224548 PMCID: PMC9559006 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wearable sensor technology may allow accurate monitoring of spine movement outside a clinical setting. The concurrent validity of wearable sensors during multiplane tasks, such as lifting, is unknown. This study assessed DorsaVi Version 6 sensors for their concurrent validity with the Vicon motion analysis system for measuring lumbar flexion during lifting. Methods Twelve participants (nine with, and three without back pain) wore sensors on T12 and S2 spinal levels with Vicon surface markers attached to those sensors. Participants performed 5 symmetrical (lifting from front) and 20 asymmetrical lifts (alternate lifting from left and right). The global-T12-angle, global-S2-angle and the angle between these two sensors (relative-lumbar-angle) were output in the sagittal plane. Agreement between systems was determined through-range and at peak flexion, using multilevel mixed-effects regression models to calculate root mean square errors and standard deviation. Mean differences and limits of agreement for peak flexion were calculated using the Bland Altman method. Results For through-range measures of symmetrical lifts, root mean squared errors (standard deviation) were 0.86° (0.78) at global-T12-angle, 0.90° (0.84) at global-S2-angle and 1.34° (1.25) at relative-lumbar-angle. For through-range measures of asymmetrical lifts, root mean squared errors (standard deviation) were 1.84° (1.58) at global-T12-angle, 1.90° (1.65) at global-S2-angle and 1.70° (1.54) at relative-lumbar-angle. The mean difference (95% limit of agreement) for peak flexion of symmetrical lifts, was − 0.90° (-6.80 to 5.00) for global-T12-angle, 0.60° (-2.16 to 3.36) for global-S2-angle and − 1.20° (-8.06 to 5.67) for relative-lumbar-angle. The mean difference (95% limit of agreement) for peak flexion of asymmetrical lifts was − 1.59° (-8.66 to 5.48) for global-T12-angle, -0.60° (-7.00 to 5.79) for global-S2-angle and − 0.84° (-8.55 to 6.88) for relative-lumbar-angle. Conclusion The root means squared errors were slightly better for symmetrical lifts than they were for asymmetrical lifts. Mean differences and 95% limits of agreement showed variability across lift types. However, the root mean squared errors for all lifts were better than previous research and below clinically acceptable thresholds. This research supports the use of lumbar flexion measurements from these inertial measurement units in populations with low back pain, where multi-plane lifting movements are assessed.
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Emmerzaal J, Van Rossom S, van der Straaten R, De Brabandere A, Corten K, De Baets L, Davis J, Jonkers I, Timmermans A, Vanwanseele B. Joint kinematics alone can distinguish hip or knee osteoarthritis patients from asymptomatic controls with high accuracy. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2229-2239. [PMID: 35043466 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading musculoskeletal disabilities worldwide, and several interventions intend to change the gait pattern in OA patients to more healthy patterns. However, an accessible way to follow up the biomechanical changes in a clinical setting is still missing. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether we can use biomechanical data collected from a specific activity of daily living to help distinguish hip OA patients from controls and knee OA patients from controls using features that potentially could be measured in a clinical setting. To achieve this goal, we considered three different classes of statistical models with different levels of data complexity. Class 1 is kinematics based only (clinically applicable), class 2 includes joint kinetics (semi-applicable under the condition of access to a force plate or prediction models), and class 3 uses data from advanced musculoskeletal modeling (not clinically applicable). We used a machine learning pipeline to determine which classification model was best. We found 100% classification accuracy for KneeOA-vs-Asymptomatic and 93.9% for HipOA-vs-Asymptomatic using seven features derived from the lumbar spine and hip kinematics collected during ascending stairs. These results indicate that kinematical data alone can distinguish hip or knee OA patients from asymptomatic controls. However, to enable clinical use, we need to validate if the classifier also works with sensor-based kinematical data and whether the probabilistic outcome of the logistic regression model can be used in the follow-up of patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Emmerzaal
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Sam Van Rossom
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob van der Straaten
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Arne De Brabandere
- Declarative Languages and Artificial Intelligence Group, Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristoff Corten
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Liesbet De Baets
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Jesse Davis
- Declarative Languages and Artificial Intelligence Group, Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Timmermans
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Rekant J, Rothenberger S, Chambers A. Inertial measurement unit-based motion capture to replace camera-based systems for assessing gait in healthy young adults: Proceed with caution. MEASUREMENT. SENSORS 2022; 23:100396. [PMID: 36506853 PMCID: PMC9732805 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2022.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gait analysis can identify injury-risk markers indiscernible to the naked eye. Inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based motion capture circumvents optokinetic motion capture (OMC) clinical implementation barriers with its portability, increased affordability, and decreased computational burden. We compared an IMU system to a robust OMC marker set for gait analysis. 10 healthy adults walked at self-selected speeds equipped with Noraxon MyoMotion IMUs and a 24-marker, 5-cluster marker-set in view of 14 OMC cameras. A single calibration was applied. IMU system and OMC calculated joint angles were compared. A single calibration performed similarly to previously reported repeated calibration. IMU and OMC agreement was best in the sagittal plane with IMU axis-mixing affecting off-sagittal plane agreement. System differences were greater than 5° for most motions. Measurement system bias showed at the ankle and knee, however differences varied across participants. IMU kinematics should be interpreted with caution; consistency and accuracy must improve before IMUs can replace OMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rekant
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author. 301 Schenley Place, 4420 Bayard Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. (J. Rekant)
| | | | - April Chambers
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wu Y, Tao K, Chen Q, Tian Y, Sun L. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Validity and Reliability of the Perception Neuron Studio for Upper-Body Motion Capture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6954. [PMID: 36146301 PMCID: PMC9506133 DOI: 10.3390/s22186954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Perception Neuron Studio (PNS) is a cost-effective and widely used inertial motion capture system. However, a comprehensive analysis of its upper-body motion capture accuracy is still lacking, before it is being applied to biomechanical research. Therefore, this study first evaluated the validity and reliability of this system in upper-body capturing and then quantified the system's accuracy for different task complexities and movement speeds. Seven participants performed simple (eight single-DOF upper-body movements) and complex tasks (lifting a 2.5 kg box over the shoulder) at fast and slow speeds with the PNS and OptiTrack (gold-standard optical system) collecting kinematics data simultaneously. Statistical metrics such as CMC, RMSE, Pearson's r, R2, and Bland-Altman analysis were utilized to assess the similarity between the two systems. Test-retest reliability included intra- and intersession relations, which were assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as well as CMC. All upper-body kinematics were highly consistent between the two systems, with CMC values 0.73-0.99, RMSE 1.9-12.5°, Pearson's r 0.84-0.99, R2 0.75-0.99, and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrating a bias of 0.2-27.8° as well as all the points within 95% limits of agreement (LOA). The relative reliability of intra- and intersessions was good to excellent (i.e., ICC and CMC were 0.77-0.99 and 0.75-0.98, respectively). The paired t-test revealed that faster speeds resulted in greater bias, while more complex tasks led to lower consistencies. Our results showed that the PNS could provide accurate enough upper-body kinematics for further biomechanical performance analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wu
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kuan Tao
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Sports Engineering Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Yinsheng Tian
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Schall MC, Chen H, Cavuoto L. Wearable inertial sensors for objective kinematic assessments: A brief overview. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:501-508. [PMID: 35853137 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Schall
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Howard Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Lora Cavuoto
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Muller A, Mecheri H, Corbeil P, Plamondon A, Robert-Lachaine X. Inertial Motion Capture-Based Estimation of L5/S1 Moments during Manual Materials Handling. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22176454. [PMID: 36080913 PMCID: PMC9459798 DOI: 10.3390/s22176454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inertial motion capture (IMC) has gained popularity in conducting ergonomic studies in the workplace. Because of the need to measure contact forces, most of these in situ studies are limited to a kinematic analysis, such as posture or working technique analysis. This paper aims to develop and evaluate an IMC-based approach to estimate back loading during manual material handling (MMH) tasks. During various representative workplace MMH tasks performed by nine participants, this approach was evaluated by comparing the results with the ones computed from optical motion capture and a large force platform. Root mean square errors of 21 Nm and 15 Nm were obtained for flexion and asymmetric L5/S1 moments, respectively. Excellent correlations were found between both computations on indicators based on L5/S1 peak and cumulative flexion moments, while lower correlations were found on indicators based on asymmetric moments. Since no force measurement or load kinematics measurement is needed, this study shows the potential of using only the handler's kinematics measured by IMC to estimate kinetics variables. The assessment of workplace physical exposure, including L5/S1 moments, will allow more complete ergonomics evaluation and will improve the ecological validity compared to laboratory studies, where the situations are often simplified and standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Muller
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Hakim Mecheri
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), Montreal, QC H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Philippe Corbeil
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIRRIS/CIUSSS-CN), Québec, QC G1C 3S2, Canada
| | - André Plamondon
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), Montreal, QC H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Xavier Robert-Lachaine
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), Montreal, QC H3A 3C2, Canada
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