C4.4A as a biomarker in pulmonary adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Expression and prognostic significance of C4.4A in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

		C4.4A reactivity				Multivariate survival analysis4		Ref.
Premalignant lesions		01	+	++	+++			[34]
SCC	Normal	100%				Not available
	Hyperplasia		59%	41%
	Metaplasia			29%	71%
	Dysplasia			20%	80%
AC	Normal	100%
	AAH	17%	37%	37%	10%
Invasive cancer		Median2	Range	Lower quartile	Upper quartile	HR (95%CI)	P-value	[33]
SCC		8	0-16	5	10		0.82
AC		13	0-16	0	6	1.65 (1.24-2.19)	0.0005

¹0: Negative; +: Weakly/focally positive; ++: Positive; +++: Strongly positive;

²Refers to product of C4.4A intensity (0-4, where 0 = negative, 1 = very weak, 2 = weak, 3 = moderate and 4 = strong staining) and frequency (0-4, where 0 = 0%, 1 = 0%-25%, 2 = 26%-50%, 3 = 51%-75% and 4 ≥ 76% positive tumor cells);

³Median value for non-solid and solid AC is 0 and 4, respectively;

⁴Performed by the Cox proportional hazards model. SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; AC: Adenocarcinoma.