Role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung cancer

Table 1 A list of E3 ubiquitin ligases that have been found deregulated in lung cancer, along with their substrate(s) (when known) and the processes in which they are involved related to lung cancer, with corresponding references

Process	E3 ubiquitin ligase	Substrate	Ref.
Cell proliferation	c-Cbl	EGFR	61, 62
	Nedd4	PTEN	65
	Siah2	HIPK2	56, 128
Cell cycle regulation	APC	OLC1	37, 68
	Cul3-based ligase	Rho GTPase; Rho BTB2	96
	CCNB1IP1	Cyclin B	93
	Parkin	Parkin, CDCrel-1	86, 88
	SCF component: Fbxo7		79, 80
	SCF component: Skp2	CdK: p27, p21, p53	72, 73, 74
Apoptosis	MDM2	P53, pRb	108, 117, 118, 161
	Parkin		90, 91
	Pirh2	P53	115, 162
	SCF component: SAG	c-Jun	132, 134, 136, 137
	Siah2	HIPK2	128, 129
	Topors	P53	123
	TRAF2	RIP1	127, 163
	XIAP	XIAP, AIF	104
Gene regulation	Cul3-based ligase	IKBKb	140
DNA repair	FANCL	FANCD2	143-145

APC: Anaphase promoting complex; FANCL and FANCD2: Fanconi Anemia Complementation group type L and D2. HIPK2: Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2; SAG: Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene; OLC1: overexpressed in lung cancer 1; SCF: Skp, cullin, F-box protein; XIAP: X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis.