Prognostic significance of stem cell markers: In triple-negative breast cancers

doi:10.5306/wjco.v17.i7.119673

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Oncol. Jul 24, 2026; 17(7): 119673
Published online Jul 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i7.119673

Table 1 Stem cell markers in triple-negative breast cancer and its prognostic significance

Stem cell markers in TNBC	Roles of CSCs in TNBC	Prognostic significance in TNBC
ALDH1+	Involved in cellular detoxing, self-renewal, and strong driver of cell migration	ALDH1 expression rate was significantly higher in TNBCs. Independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes; linked to early metastasis and chemotherapy resistance
Oct-4, SOX2	Core transcription factors that maintain pluripotency and self-renewal. They positively regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process	High expression (especially Oct-4) is an independent predictor of shorter survival and higher histological grade
Nanog	Nanog expression positively correlates with cell proliferation and is resistance	associated with higher tumor stage, poorer patient outcomes, and poor differentiation. Expression may also be linked to therapy
ABCG2	A ‘hub gene’ involved in drug efflux and autophagy-promoting drug resistance	Associated with triple-negative status and increased resistance to conventional chemotherapy
CD44+/CD24-/low	Cell adhesion molecules involved in intercellular signaling, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Maintains multipotency, promotes cell proliferation, and initiates tumorigenesis	Associated with inferior disease-free survival and overall survival; correlated with higher tumor grade and metastasis
CD117 (c-kit)	Role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell motility Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell survival and proliferation	CD117 positivity was associated with tumor recurrence and some markers of poor prognosis Diffuse expression is as an independent prognosticator for overall survival
Combined phenotype (CD44+/CD24-/ALDH1+)	Represents the most tumorigenic and metastatic cell subpopulation	Highest value for predicting metastatic risk and significantly reduced survival rates

TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer; CSC: Cancer stem cell.

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Citation: Jagtap SV, Jagtap SS. Prognostic significance of stem cell markers: In triple-negative breast cancers. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(7): 119673
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i7/119673.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v17.i7.119673

Jagtap SV, Jagtap SS. Prognostic significance of stem cell markers: In triple-negative breast cancers. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(7): 119673 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i7.119673]

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