Importance of symptoms acuity for clinical diagnosis of primary sellar atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor

Table 1 Primary sellar atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor cases confirmed by molecular studies

Ref.	Age	Sex	Molecular diagnosis	Headache duration	Visual symptoms duration	Pituitary hormones	Imaging features	Surgery	Chemotherapy	Radiation	Outcome
Zamudio-Coronado et al[23], 2023	60	F	Loss of INI1 SMARCB1 mutations	No headache	2 months	Normal	1.3 cm with cavernous sinus invasion	Total resection, rapid recurrence	Yes	Yes	Did not specify
Aldhafeeri et al[24], 2023	32	M	Loss of INI1	4 days	ND	Hypopituitarism	Large sellar mass with suprasellar distension	Debulking	No	No	Died 3 months after presentation
Yu[14], 2023	45	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	3 weeks	1 week	Hypopituitarism	1.9 cm × 2.2 cm × 1.8 cm	Debulking	No	No	Alive 1 month after presentation
Yu[14], 2023	32	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	1 month	1 week	Normal	2.1 cm	Debulking	No	Yes	Died 4 months after presentation
Baiano et al[25], 2022	32	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	2 months	10 days	Elevated prolactin	Large	Debulking	Yes	No	Died 2 months after presentation
Baiano et al[25], 2022	42	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	Intense	ND	ND	Large	Debulking	Yes	No	Died 2 months after presentation
Baiano et al[25], 2022	41	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	Hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 1 month after presentation
Baiano et al[25], 2022	50	F	Loss of INI1	Intense	ND	Hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	Yes	No	Alive 18 months after presentation
Major et al[11], 2022	70	F	Loss of INI1	3 months	4 months	ND	1.8 cm × 2.2 cm × 1.7 cm	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 8.5 months after presentation
Duan et al[26], 2022	47	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	6/7 have hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 6 months after presentation
Duan et al[26], 2022	52	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	6/7 have hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 2.5 months after presentation
Duan et al[26], 2022	47	M	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	6/7 have hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	Yes	Died 1 month after presentation
Duan et al[26], 2022	46	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	6/7 have hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 6 months after presentation
Duan et al[26], 2022	45	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	6/7 have hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 1 month after presentation
Duan et al[26], 2022	73	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	6/7 have hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 3 months after presentation
Duan et al[26], 2022	41	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	6/7 have hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Alive 11 months after presentation
Fukuda et al[27], 2021	45	F	Loss of INI1	ND	A few weeks	Hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 5 months after presentation
Liu et al[28], 2020	43	F	Loss of INI1	1 month	1 month	Normal	4.5 cm	Debulking	No	Yes	Died 4 months after presentation
Liu et al[28], 2020	52	F	Loss of INI1	2 weeks	ND	Hypopituitarism	2.8 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 2 months after presentation
Liu et al[28], 2020	50	F	Loss of INI1	2 months	2 months	Hypopituitarism	2.7 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 1 month after presentation
Liu et al[28], 2020	29	F	Loss of INI1	4 months	ND	Hypopituitarism	1.9 cm	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 8 months after presentation
Liu et al[28], 2020	80	F	Loss of INI1	2 weeks	2 weeks	Hypopituitarism	2.2 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 1 month after presentation
Bokhari et al[29], 2020	40	F	Loss of INI1	Severe	ND	ND	2.9 cm × 1.7 cm × 2.3 cm	Debulking	None	None	ND
Madhavan et al[30], 2020	58	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	Hypopituitarism	2.1 cm sellar mass with 3.1 cm suprasellar extension	Debulking	No	No	ND
Siddiqui et al[31], 2019	55	F	Loss of INI1	1 week	1 week	ND	3.5 cm × 1.7 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 1 .5 months after presentation
Asmaro et al[32], 2019	62	F	Loss of INI1	Several months	ND	Hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 2 months after presentation
Lawler and Robertson[33], 2019	27	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	Large	Debulking	ND	ND	ND
Su and Su[34], 2018	37	F	Loss of INI1	ND	2 months	ND	2.57 cm × 1.96 cm × 3.63 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 3 months after presentation
Nishikawa et al[35], 2018	42	F	Loss of INI1	Rapid	Rapid	ND	1.9 cm × 2.0 cm	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 11 months after presentation
Barresi et al[36], 2018	59	F	Loss of INI1	Days	Days		2.3 cm × 1.2 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 2 months after presentation
Paolini et al[37], 2018	31	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	No	No	Died 2 months after presentation
Paolini et al[37], 2018	36	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 22 months after presentation
Paolini et al[37], 2018	46	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	No	No	Died after 2nd resection
Paolini et al[37], 2018	47	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 62 months after presentation
Paolini et al[37], 2018	65	f	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 23 months after presentation
Johann et al[38], 2018	20	F	Loss of INI1 (met)	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	No	Died 10 years after presentation
Johann et al[38], 2018	48	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	No	No	Alive 4 months after presentation
Huq et al[39], 2018	62	F	Loss of INI1	2 months	Finally	Hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	No	No	Died 2 months after presentation
Pratt et al[40], 2017	47	F	Loss of INI1	Severe	ND	ND	2.6 cm × 3.9 cm × 3.2 cm	Debulking	No	Yes	ND
Nakata et al[41], 2017	31	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 28 months after presentation
Nakata et al[41], 2017	56	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	No	Yes	Died 23 months after presentation
Nakata et al[41], 2017	44	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 17 months after presentation
Nakata et al[41], 2017	26	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 33 months after presentation
Nakata et al[41], 2017	21	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 35 months after presentation
Nakata et al[41], 2017	69	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 37 months after presentation
Almalki et al[42], 2017	36	F	Loss of INI1	3 months	1 month	Hypopituitarism	Large	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 3 years after presentation
Elsayad et al[43], 2016	66	M	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	2.2 cm × 1.6 cm × 1.4 cm	Debulking	No	Yes	Alive 4 years after presentation
Larran-Escandon et al[44], 2016	43	F	Loss of INI1	3 months	2 weeks	Hypopituitarism	2.0 cm × 2.3 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 1 month after presentation
Nobusawa et al[45], 2016	69	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	Nost specified. Progressed over a few days	ND	2.8 cm × 1.6 cm	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 2 years after presentation
Lev et al[13], 2015	36	F	Loss of INI1	1 months	6 days	Hypopituitarism	3.3 cm × 3.2 cm × 2.3 cm	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 2.5 years after presentation
Biswas et al[46], 2015	48	F	Loss of INI1	ND	2 weeks	ND	ND	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Died 2 months after presentation
Regan et al[47], 2015	45	F	Loss of INI1	9 days	9 days	ND	Large	Debulking	No	Yes	Died 6 months after presentation
Park et al[48], 2014	42	F	Loss of INI1	ND	Progressive	ND	Large	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 2 years after presentation
Shitara and Akiyama[49], 2014	44	F	Loss of INI1	ND	2 months	ND	Large	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 17 months after presentation
Moretti et al[50], 2013	60	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	Large	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 30 months after presentation
Chou et al[51], 2013	43	F	Loss of INI1	10 days	10 days	ND	2 cm	Debulking	No	Yes	Alive at 2 weeks
Schneiderhan et al[52], 2011	61	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	ND	ND	ND	2 cm	Debulking	No	No	Died 3 months after presentation
Schneiderhan et al[52], 2011	57	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	2 cm	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 6 months after presentation
Las Heras and Pritzker[53], 2010	46	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	ND	Debulking	ND	ND	ND
Arita et al[54], 2008	56	F	Loss of INI1 (Met)	2 months	2 months	ND	2.5 cm	Debulking	No	Yes	Died 23 months after presentation
Raisanen et al[55], 2005	31	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	1.6 cm	Debulking	No	Yes	Died 9 months after presentation
Raisanen et al[55], 2005	20	F	Loss of INI1	ND	ND	ND	2.0 cm	Debulking	Yes	Yes	Alive 28 months after presentation

F: Female; M: Male; Met: DNA methylation classification; ND: Not described; INI1: Integrase interactor 1; SMARCB1: Switch defective/sucrose non-fermentable related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit B1.

Table 2 Sellar compression symptoms, pituitary hormone status, and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings of major sellar lesions

	Acuity of sellar compression symptoms	Pituitary hormone status	Pituitary MRI	Other clinical clues
Apoplexy	Hyperacute (hours)	Hypopituitarism	With hemorrhage	Known history of pituitary adenoma
Sellar AT/RT	Acute (days to weeks)	Hypopituitarism	Invasive mass	Predominantly in females
Pituitary adenoma	Chronic (months)	Pituitary hormone excess or deficiency	Noninvasive or invasive	History of genetic syndromes
Sellar lymphoma	Chronic (months)	Hypopituitarism	Invasive mass	Unclear
Sellar metastasis	Chronic (months)	Hypopituitarism	Invasive mass	Known malignancies
Hypophysitis	Chronic (months)	Hypopituitarism	Thickened stalk	Postpartum females

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; AT/RT: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.