New research progress of sarcopenia in surgically resectable malignant tumor diseases

Table 1 Diagnostic methods and criteria

Methods	Criteria		Ref.
	Men	Women
Calf circumference measurement, cm	< 34	< 33	AWGS2019[10]
	< 31 (in older people)		EWGSOP2[7]
Dual-energy X-ray absorption
ASM, kg	< 20	< 15	Studenski et al[36], Bennett et al[30]
ASM/Ht2, kg/m2	< 7.0	< 5.4	AWGS2019[10]
Bioelectrical impedance analysis, kg/m2	< 7.0	< 5.7	AWGS2019[10]
	< 10.75	< 6.75	Aleixo et al[38]
Computed tomography
SMI, cm2/m2	< 52.4	< 38.6	Prado et al[40]
	< 55	< 39	International Consensus on Cancer Cachexia[41]
	< 49	< 31	Kim et al[42]
	52-55	39-41	Amini et al[43]

ASM: Appendicular skeletal muscle mass; Ht: Height; SMI: Skeletal muscle index; AWGS: Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; EWGSOP: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People.