Clinical characteristics and outcomes in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 negative pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Characteristics of study patients according to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 value

	Group A (n = 29)	Group B (n = 82)	P value
Patient demographics
Age in yr, median	64	67	0.241
Male sex	58.62	70.73	0.333
At risk behaviors
Smoking	31.03	28.04	0.946
Drinker	20.68	23.17	0.987
Clinical findings
Abdominal pain	55.17	76.83	0.048
Jaundice	27.58	29.26	0.946
Weight loss	62.06	63.41	0.924
Diabetes mellitus	34.48	34.14	0.845
Tumor localization
Head, neck and uncinate	62.06	57.31	0.820
Body and tail	37.93	42.68
Tumor size in cm
< 2	10.34	2.43	0.447
2-4	58.62	64.63
> 4	31.03	32.92
Staging
Resectable	13.79	7.31	0.714
Borderline resectable	6.89	4.87
Locally advanced	20.68	24.39
Metastatic	58.62	63.31
Outcome
6-mo survival	58.62	47.56	0.308

Data are %, unless otherwise indicated. Group A: Patients classified as CA 19-9 negative or normal (< 37 U/mL); Group B: Patients classified as CA 19-9 positive (≥ 37 U/mL).

Table 2 Studies reporting on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prognosis according to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level or Lewis antigen status

Survival analysis according to CA 19-9 values
Ref.	n	CA 19-9 in U/mL	Survival
			Overall median survival in mo
Berger et al[30], 2004	7	Undetectable	32
	21	≤ 37	35
	44	38-200	22
	57	> 200	16
Ferrone et al[33], 2006			Mean survival time in yr
	29	< 37	2.3
	82	≥ 37	1.6
Waraya et al[28], 2009			Disease-specific survival in mo
	23	≤ 37	30.6
	66	> 37	12.7
Hirakawa et al[29], 2011			Median survival in mo
	41	Normal	39.0
	84	Elevated	16.9
Hartwig et al[32], 2011			Median survival in mo
	232	< 37	28.0
	418	37-399	23.5
	239	≥ 400	14.5
Turrini et al[40], 2009			Median survival in mo
	50	< 37	22
	53	400-900 (n = 27), > 900 (n = 26)	15
Katz et al[34], 2010			Median survival in mo
	21	< 37	52.8
	78	> 37	21.2
Kondo et al[35], 2010			Preoperative 3-yr survival (%)
	32	< 37	57%
	77	> 37	30%
Hata et al[36], 2012			Preoperative median survival in mo
	51	< 37	16.2
	218	> 37	16.4
Bergquist et al[37], 2016			Median OS in mo
	3666	< 37	19.1
	7140	> 37	14
Jia et al[38], 2019			Median OS in mo
	13	< 35	21
	107	≥ 35	11
Mattiucci et al[25], 2019			Median OS in mo
	39	0-5.0	25
	167	5.1-37.0	38
	139	37.1-100.0	32
	178	100.1-353.0	22
	177	> 353.1	20
Kondo et al[26], 2017			Median survival in mo
	65	< 37	52.0
	84	≥ 37	23.7
	88	< 50	52.0
	61	≥ 150	20.9
	101	< 300	46.7
	48	≥ 300	18.8
Dong et al[27], 2014			Median OS in mo
	18	< 37	21.6
	102	≥ 37	14.2
Kang et al[31], 2007			Disease free survival in mo
	18	< 50	22.20
	43	≥ 50	19.31
Kwon et al[14], 2020			Median survival in d
	408	< 37	644
	779	> 37	340
Survival analysis according to Lewis antigen status
Luo et al[39], 2017			Median survival in mo
	682	137 CA 19-9 (-)	Stage I, II: 16.6 in Lewis (-), 17.6 in Lewis (+)
		47 Lewis (-)	Stage III, IV: 6.0 in Lewis (-), 7.8 in Lewis (+)
Luo et al[11], 2018			Median survival in mo
	1482	19.8% CA 19-9 (-)	8.0 in Lewis (-)
		8.4% Lewis (-)	10.0 in Lewis (+)
Kwon et al[14], 2020			Median survival
	1187	203 CA 19-9 (-)	356 d in Lewis (-)
		375 Lewis (-)	477 d in Lewis (+)

CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; OS: Overall survival.