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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Oncol. May 24, 2022; 13(5): 352-365
Published online May 24, 2022. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i5.352
Published online May 24, 2022. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i5.352
Table 1 Baseline characteristics and age groups (total 225 patients)
| Factor | Group | Alive (%) | P value | < 20 | 20-59 | 60+ | P value | |
| n (%) | 225 | 67 (29.8) | 62 (27.5) | 114 (50.7) | 49 (21.8) | |||
| Median age (IQR) | 27 (19-56) | 15.5 (13-17) | 28.5 (23-44) | 69.0 (65-76) | ||||
| Male (%) | 141 (62.7) | 42 (29.8) | 0.99 | 33 (23.4) | 74 (52.5) | 34 (24.1) | 0.17 | |
| Race (%) | White | 124 (55.1) | 39 (31.5) | 0.66 | 34 (27.4) | 67 (54.3) | 23 (18.6) | 0.07 |
| Black | 27 (12.0) | 8 (29.6) | 6 (22.2) | 16 (59.3) | 5 (18.5) | |||
| API | 22 (9.8) | 4 (18.2) | 3 (13.6) | 9 (40.9) | 10 (45.5) | |||
| Hispanic | 52 (23.1) | 16 (30.8) | 19 (36.5) | 22 (42.3) | 11 (21.2) | |||
| Household income (%) | < $55000 | 55 (24.4) | 20 (36.4) | 0.47 | 16 (29.1) | 32 (58.2) | 7 (12.7) | 0.37 |
| $55000-70000 | 88 (39.1) | 24 (27.8) | 26 (29.6) | 40 (45.5) | 22 (25.0) | |||
| > $70,000 | 82 (36.4) | 23 (28.0) | 20 (24.4) | 42 (51.2) | 20 (24.4) | |||
| Living settings (%) | Population > 1 million | 144 (61.0) | 36 (25.0) | 0.04 | 38 (26.4) | 71 (49.3) | 35 (24.3) | 0.47 |
| Other | 81 (36.0) | 31 (38.3) | 24 (29.6) | 43 (53.1) | 14 (17.3) | |||
| Stages (%) | I | 65 (28.9) | 32 (49.2) | < 0.001 | 13 (20) | 29 (44.6) | 23 (35.4) | 0.02 |
| II | 18 (8.0) | 8 (44.4) | 7 (38.9) | 7 (38.9) | 4 (22.2) | |||
| III | 61 (27.1) | 19 (31.1) | 20 (32.8) | 32 (25.5) | 9 (14.8) | |||
| IV | 61 (27.1) | 2 (3.3) | 20 (32.8) | 34 (55.7) | 7 (11.5) | |||
| Unknown | 20 (8.9) | 6 (30.0) | 2 (10.0) | 12 (60.0) | 6 (30.0) | |||
| Lymph Node status (%) | N0 | 143 (63.6) | 52 (36.4) | 0.009 | 35 (24.5) | 68 (47.6) | 40 (28.0) | 0.004 |
| N1 | 60 (26.7) | 13 (21.7) | 24 (40.0) | 32 (53.3) | 4 (6.7) | |||
| Nx | 22 (9.78) | 2 (9.1) | 3 (13.6) | 14 (63.6) | 5 (22.7) | |||
| Metastasis status (%) | M0 | 154 (68.4) | 64 (41.6) | < 0.001 | 41 (26.6) | 74 (48.05) | 39 (25.3) | 0.16 |
| M1 | 61 (27.1) | 2 (3.3) | 20 (32.8) | 34 (55.7) | 7 (11.5) | |||
| Mx | 10 (4.4) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (10.0) | 6 (60.0) | 3 (30.0) | |||
| Surgery (%) | Wedge/segmental resection | 39 (17.8) | 23 (59.0) | < 0.001 | 15 (38.5) | 17 (43.6) | 7 (18.0) | < 0.001 |
| Lobectomy | 42 (19.2) | 21 (50.0) | 23 (43.4) | 23 (54.8) | 3 (7.1) | |||
| Extended lobectomy | 11 (5.0) | 6 (54.5) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 0 (0) | |||
| Transplant | 19 (8.7) | 7 (36.8) | 6 (31.6) | 13 (68.4) | 0 (0) | |||
| None | 108 (49.3) | 10 (9.3) | 18 (16.7) | 54 (50.0) | 36 (33.3) | |||
Table 2 Summary of Characteristics by Race (Total 225 patients)
| Factor | Group | Total | White | Black | API | Hispanic | P value |
| n (%) | 225 | 124 (55.1) | 27 (12.0) | 22 (9.8) | 52 (23.1) | ||
| Median age (IQR) | 27 (19-56) | 27.0 (19-54.5) | 32.0 (21-55) | 52.0 (27-70) | 23.0 (17-53.5) | 0.04 | |
| Age groups (%) | ≤ 19 | 62 (27.5) | 34 (54.8) | 6 (9.7) | 3 (4.8) | 19 (30.7) | 0.07 |
| 20-59 | 114 (50.7) | 67 (58.8) | 16 (14.0) | 9 (7.9) | 22 (19.3) | ||
| ≥ 60 | 49 (21.8) | 23 (46.9) | 5 (10.2) | 10 (20.4) | 11 (22.5) | ||
| Male (%) | 141 (62.7) | 75 (53.2) | 18 (12.8) | 14 (9.9) | 34 (24.1) | 0.89 | |
| Household income (%) | < $55000 | 55 (24.4) | 34 (61.8) | 10 (18.2) | 1 (1.8) | 10 (18.2) | 0.02 |
| $55000-70000 | 88 (39.1) | 42 (47.7) | 6 (6.8) | 12 (13.6) | 28 (31.8) | ||
| > $70000 | 82 (36.4) | 48 (58.5) | 11 (13.4) | 9 (11.0) | 14 (17.1) | ||
| Living settings (%) | Population > 1 million | 144 (61.0) | 68 (47.2) | 21 (14.6) | 18 (12.5) | 37 (25.7) | 0.01 |
| Other | 81 (36.0) | 56 (69.1) | 6 (7.4) | 4 (4.9) | 15 (18.5) | ||
| Stages (%) | I | 65 (28.9) | 38 (58.5) | 7 (10.8) | 7 (10.8) | 13 (20.0) | 0.71 |
| II | 18 (8.0) | 11 (61.1) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) | 3 (16.7) | ||
| III | 61 (27.1) | 30 (49.2) | 7 (11.5) | 3 (4.9) | 21 (34.4) | ||
| IV | 61 (27.1) | 34 (55.7) | 7 (11.5) | 8 (13.1) | 12 (19.7) | ||
| Unknown | 20 (8.9) | 11 (55.0) | 4 (20.0) | 2 (10.0) | 3 (15.0) | ||
| Lymph Node status (%) | N0 | 143 (63.6) | 74 (51.8) | 16 (11.2) | 17 (11.9) | 36 (25.2) | 0.11 |
| N1 | 60 (26.7) | 38 (63.3) | 5 (8.3) | 3 (5.0) | 14 (23.3) | ||
| Nx | 22 (9.78) | 12 (54.6) | 6 (27.3) | 2 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | ||
| Metastasis status (%) | M0 | 154 (68.4) | 85 (55.2) | 18 (11.7) | 12 (7.8) | 39 (25.3) | 0.63 |
| M1 | 61 (27.1) | 34 (55.7) | 7 (11.5) | 8 (13.1) | 12 (19.7) | ||
| Mx | 10 (4.4) | 5 (50.0) | 2 (20.0) | 2 (20.0) | 1 (10.0) | ||
| Surgery (%) | Wedge/segmental resection | 39 (17.8) | 28 (71.8) | 2 (5.1) | 3 (7.7) | 6 (15.4) | 0.28 |
| Lobectomy | 42 (19.2) | 25 (59.5) | 6 (14.3) | 3 (7.1) | 8 (19.1) | ||
| Extended lobectomy | 11 (5.0) | 5 (45.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | 5 (45.5) | ||
| Transplant | 19 (8.7) | 12 (63.2) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (21.1) | ||
| None | 108 (49.3) | 49 (45.4) | 17 (15.7) | 13 (12.0) | 29 (26.9) |
Table 3 Summary characteristics of by surgery types (total 219 patients)
| Factor | Group | None | Transplant | Wedge or segmental resection | Lobectomy | Extended lobectomy | P value |
| n | Total 219 | 108 | 19 | 39 | 42 | 11 | |
| Alive | Total 67 | 10 (9.3) | 7 (36.8) | 23 (59.0) | 21 (50.0) | 6 (54.6) | < 0.001 |
| Age group (%) | ≤ 19 | 18 (16.7) | 6 (31.6) | 15 (38.5) | 16 (38.1) | 7 (63.6) | < 0.001 |
| 20-59 | 54 (50.0) | 13 (68.4) | 17 (43.6) | 23 (54.8) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| ≥ 60 | 36 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (18.0) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Sex (%) | Male | 70 (64.8) | 12 (63.2) | 27 (69.2) | 21 (50.0) | 7 (63.6) | 0.43 |
| Stages (%) | I | 22 (20.4) | 4 (21.1) | 19 (48.7) | 15 (35.7 ) | 2 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
| II | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 8 (20.5) | 5 (11.9) | 2 (18.2) | ||
| III | 24 (22.2) | 10 (52.6) | 9 (23.1) | 13 (31.0) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| IV | 43 (39.8) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (7.7) | 8 (19.1) | 2 (18.2) | ||
| Unknown | 16 (14.8) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Race (%) | API | 13 (12.0) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (7.7) | 3 (7.1) | 1 (9.1) | 0.28 |
| Black | 17 (15.7) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (5.1) | 6 (14.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Hispanic | 29 (26.9) | 4 (21.1) | 6 (15.4) | 8 (19.1) | 5 (45.5) | ||
| White | 49 (45.4) | 12 (63.2) | 28 (71.8) | 25 (59.5) | 5 (45.5) | ||
| Income (%) | < $55000 | 29 (26.9) | 3 (15.8) | 12 (30.8) | 8 (19.1) | 1 (9.1) | 0.22 |
| $55000-70000 | 41 (38.0) | 8 (42.1) | 15 (38.5) | 13 (31.0) | 8 (72.7) | ||
| > $70000 | 38 (35.2) | 8 (42.1) | 12 (30.8) | 21 (50.0) | 2 (18.2) | ||
| Lymph nodes status (%) | N0 | 64 (59.3) | 12 (63.2) | 32 (82.1) | 24 (57.1) | 6 (54.6) | 0.007 |
| N1 | 25 (23.2) | 6 (31.6) | 7 (18.0) | 17 (40.5) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| Nx | 19 (17.6) | 1 (5.3) | 0(0) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Metastasis status (%) | M0 | 56 (52.9) | 15 (79.0) | 36 (92.3) | 34 (81.0) | 8 (72.7) | < 0.001 |
| M1 | 43 (39.8) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (7.7) | 8 (19.1) | 2 (18.2) | ||
| Mx | 9 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Population (%) | ≥ 1 million | 76 (70.4) | 13 (68.4) | 21 (53.9) | 24 (57.1) | 7 (63.6) | 0.32 |
| Others | 32 (29.7) | 6 (31.6) | 18 (46.2) | 18 (42.9) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| Size (%) | ≤ 50 mm | 18 (16.7) | 1 (5.3) | 12 (30.8) | 6 (14.3) | 1 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
| 51-100 mm | 25 (23.2) | 5 (26.3) | 15 (38.5) | 14 (33.3) | 3 (27.3) | ||
| ≥ 100 mm | 37 (34.3) | 11 (57.9) | 10 (25.6) | 21 (50.0) | 7 (63.6) | ||
| Unknown | 28 (25.9) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (5.1) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0) |
Table 4 Multivariate Cox regression analysis
| Hazard ratio | Standard error | P value | ||
| Age group (%) | 20-59 | 0.931 | 0.327 | 0.83 |
| ≥ 60 | 2.554 | 0.557 | 0.09 | |
| Sex (%) | Male | 1.169 | 0.288 | 0.59 |
| Race (%) | API | 0.624 | 0.581 | 0.42 |
| Black | 2.296 | 0.461 | 0.07 | |
| Hispanic | 0.9 | 0.368 | 0.78 | |
| Income (%) | $55000-70000 | 1.044 | 0.368 | 0.91 |
| > $70000 | 0.644 | 0.345 | 0.2 | |
| Sugery | Surgery | 1.465 | 0.472 | 0.42 |
| Population (%) | ≥ 1 million | 1.209 | 0.287 | 0.51 |
| Size (%) | ≥ 100 mm | 1.104 | 0.44 | 0.82 |
| 51-100 mm | 1.233 | 0.426 | 0.62 | |
| Unknown | 3.196 | 0.646 | 0.07 | |
| Lymph nodes (%) | N1 | 1.503 | 0.39 | 0.3 |
| Nx | 0.107 | 0.993 | 0.02 | |
| Metastasis status (%) | M1 | 0.301 | 0.782 | 0.13 |
| Mx | 7.503 | 1.366 | 0.14 |
- Citation: Sempokuya T, Forlemu A, Azawi M, Silangcruz K, Khoury N, Ma J, Wong LL. Survival characteristics of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database study. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13(5): 352-365
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v13/i5/352.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v13.i5.352