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Rezaei F, Mazidimoradi A, Pasokh Z, Dehghani SP, Allahqoli L, Salehiniya H. Temporal trends of thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2019 in Asian countries by geographical region and SDI, comparison with global data. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:386-426. [PMID: 38239716 PMCID: PMC10792336 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to describe temporal trends of thyroid cancer (ThC) from 2010 to 2019, in Asian countries by geographical region and sociodemographic index, compared with global data. Method Annual case data and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of epidemiological indicators of ThC cancer data were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 2010 to 2019 in 49 countries and territories in Asia. The relative difference (%) between years was used to show comparative variations of ASRs for the indicators studied. The female/male ratio was calculated by dividing female ASRs by male ASRs. Also, these rates were compared between the age group ≥70 years old and younger age groups. Results In 2019, more than 50% of ThC cases and deaths occurred in Asian countries. A total of 53% of ThC patients lived in Asia and more than 60% of the global burden of ThC was imposed on Asian countries. From 2010 to 2019, incidences, deaths, prevalence cases, and DALYs number of ThC cancer increased over 1.28-, 1.26-, 1.3-, and 1.2-fold, in Asia, respectively. During this period, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of ThC cancer increased by 5% and 8%, respectively, while the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and the age-standardized DALYs rate (DALYs ASR) of ThC cancer decreased by 6% and 4%, respectively. These trends are different from what happens in other continents. In 2019, age-specific incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY cases of ThC cancer were peaking at 50-54, 75-79, 50-54, and 55-59 years, respectively. In 2019, the highest ASIR and ASPR of ThC cancer was observed in high-income Asia Pacific countries and the highest ASDR and DALYs ASR in Southeast Asia countries. Only high-income Asia Pacific countries experienced a decreasing trend in ASIR and ASPR from 2010 to 2019. ASDR and DALYs ASR have the highest decreasing trend in high-income Asia Pacific. In 2019, among high SDI Asian countries, the Republic of Korea had the highest ASIR and ASPR, and Brunei Darussalam had the highest ASDR and DALYs ASR. The highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of ThC cancer was found in Lebanon and Malaysia (high-middle SDIs), Vietnam (middle SDIs), and Cambodia and Palestine (low-middle SDIs). Among low SDI Asian countries, Pakistan had the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of ThC cancer. All indicators for most countries were higher in women than men. Conclusion More than half of the burden of thyroid cancer is imposed on the residents of the Asian continent. Although the incidence and prevalence of this cancer in Asian countries is lower than that of the world, America, and Europe, the highest rate of death from thyroid cancer occurs in Asia and they witness the highest burden of the disease. Therefore, it seems that implementing early detection strategies and increasing access to treatment facilities in Asia is one of the necessities of thyroid cancer control in its residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Research Center for Social Determinants of HealthJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | | | - Zahra Pasokh
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Leila Allahqoli
- Midwifery DepartmentMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
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Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE. Role of prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the era of de-escalation. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:247-258. [PMID: 37583949 PMCID: PMC10424091 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. While there has been no appreciable increase in the observed mortality of well-differentiated thyroid cancer, there has been an overall rise in its incidence worldwide over the last few decades. Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and clinical evidence of central (cN1) and/or lateral lymph node metastases require total thyroidectomy plus central and/or lateral neck dissection as the initial surgical treatment. Nodal status in PTC patients plays a crucial role in the prognostic evaluation of the recurrence risk. The 2015 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) have more accurately determined the indications for therapeutic central and lateral lymph node dissection. However, prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection (pCND) in negative lymph node (cN0) PTC patients is controversial, as the 2009 ATA guidelines recommended that CND "should be considered" routinely in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC. Although the current guidelines show clear indications for therapeutic CND, the role of pCND in cN0 patients with PTC is still debated. In small solitary papillary carcinoma (T1, T2), pCND is not recommended unless there are high-risk prediction factors for recurrence and diffuse nodal spread (extrathyroid extension, mutation in the BRAF gene). pCND can be considered in cN0 disease with advanced primary tumors (T3 or T4) or clinical lateral neck disease (cN1b) or for staging and treatment planning purposes. The role of the preoperative evaluation is fund-amental to minimizing the possible detrimental effect of overtreatment of the types of patients who are associated with low disease-related morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, it determines the choice of appropriate treatment and determines if close monitoring of patients at a higher risk is needed. Thus, pCND is currently recommended for T3 and T4 tumors but not for T1 and T2 tumors without high-risk prediction factors of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
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Wang Y, Liu L, Zhou P, Luo X, Liu HQ, Yang H. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Hemostasis markers associated with tumors have been widely studied. However, the associations between the coagulation factors and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) prognosis remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate these associations.
Patients and methods
PTC patients treated at Shengjing Hospital between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into three groups. Clinical, ultrasound, and pathological patient characteristics were recorded. The blood routine, coagulation factors, and thyroid function data were compared.
Results
A total of 50 patients were selected and divided into Group 1 [complicated with second primary malignancies (SPMs)], Group 2 (with postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis), and Group 3 (control group). The ages of patients in Group 2 were significantly higher than those in the control group. The neutrophil ratio (%) in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Groups 2 and 3, while its lymphocyte ratio (%) was significantly lower. The coagulation factor activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in the first and second groups was statistically significantly lower than that in the control group. There were no statistical differences in APTT between the first and second groups. Shorter APTT was associated with SPM and postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis.
Conclusions
Coagulation indicators, especially APTT, may be a new biomarker for predicting PTC prognosis and may provide a new molecular target, especially in combination with SPM and postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Wang
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
- Ultrasound Department, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , 110004, Liaoning Province , China
| | - Luying Liu
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , No. 1 Jinniu Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen City , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Hua Yang
- Ultrasound Department, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , 110004, Liaoning Province , China
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Baldini E, Presutti D, Favoriti P, Santini S, Papoff G, Tuccilli C, Carletti R, Di Gioia C, Lori E, Ferent IC, Gagliardi F, Catania A, Pironi D, Tripodi D, D’Andrea V, Sorrenti S, Ruberti G, Ulisse S. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor WX-340 on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073724. [PMID: 35409084 PMCID: PMC8999125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system is associated with tumor invasion, neo-angiogenesis, and metastatic spread, and has been shown to positively correlate with a poor prognosis in several cancer types, including thyroid carcinomas. In recent years, several uPA inhibitors were found to have anticancer effects in preclinical studies and in some phase II clinical trials, which prompted us to evaluate uPA as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients affected by the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of WX-340, a highly specific and selective uPA inhibitor, on two ATC-derived cell lines, CAL-62 and BHT-101. The results obtained indicated that WX-340 was able to reduce cell adhesion and invasiveness in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. In addition, WX-340 increased uPA receptor (uPAR) protein levels without affecting its plasma membrane concentration. However, this compound was unable to significantly reduce ATC growth in a xenograft model, indicating that uPA inhibition alone may not have the expected therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Pasqualino Favoriti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Simonetta Santini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuliana Papoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Iulia Catalina Ferent
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Gagliardi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Gršić K, Bumber B, Curić Radivojević R, Leović D. Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection in Well-differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Acta Clin Croat 2021; 59:87-95. [PMID: 34219889 PMCID: PMC8212603 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated cancers, both papillary and follicular, account for 90% of all diagnosed thyroid cancers. They have an indolent disease course with a 20-year disease-specific survival over 90%. According to current guidelines, the therapy of choice for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is total thyroidectomy or lobectomy. The indication for prophylactic central neck dissection is still a controversial issue and the subject of unfinished and ongoing debate. There is no indication for prophylactic central neck dissection in follicular thyroid carcinomas, which primarily metastasize hematogenously. In small solitary papillary thyroid carcinomas (T1 and T2), prophylactic central neck dissection is not indicated as it does not bring benefits in terms of improved patient survival and at the same time significantly increases the risk of temporary and permanent postoperative complications. Prophylactic central neck dissection is indicated in advanced papillary thyroid cancers (T3 and T4) and all other high-risk well-differentiated thyroid cancer, as well as in the presence of metastatic lymph nodes in the lateral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Bumber
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Renata Curić Radivojević
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dinko Leović
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Jamshidi M, Farnoosh G, Mohammadi Pour S, Rafiee F, Saeedi Boroujeni A, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Genetic variants and risk of thyroid cancer among Iranian patients. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 42:223-234. [PMID: 33544997 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The definition of an exclusive panel of genetic markers is of high importance to initially detect among this review population. Therefore, we gave a summary of each main genetic marker among Iranian patients with thyroid cancer for the first time which were classified based on their cellular function. Due to the results, a significant relationship was found between SNP in codons 194, 280, and 399 (XRCC1), Allele 3434Thr (XRCC7), GC or CC genotype 31, G/C (Survivin), 399G>A (XRCC1), Tru9I (vitamin D receptor), G-D haplotype (MDM2), TT genotype, -656 G/T (IL-18), TAGTT haplotype (IL-18), G allele in +49 A>G (CTLA-4), +7146 G/A (PD-1.3), +7785 C/T (PD-1.5), rs1143770 (let7a-2), rs4938723 (pri-mir-34b/c) genes, and thyroid cancers. Moreover, SNP in 677C-->T (MTHFR), GG genotype Asp1312Gly (thyroglobulin), 2259C>T (Rad52), R188H, (XRCC2), T241M (XRCC3) had higher risks of thyroid cancer and lower risks were observed in -16 Ins-Pro (p53), rs3742330 (DICER1). At last, the protective effects were explored in 127 CC genotype (IL-18), rs6877842 (DROSHA). Conduct further studies on the types of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with a larger number in the thyroid cancer using modern methods such as SNP array so that these genes could be used as a biomarker in prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer. This review presents for the first time a summary of important genetic markers in Iranian patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jamshidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiee
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Saeedi Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,ImmunologyToday, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Jin Y, Liang ZY, Zhou WX, Zhou L. Expression, clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2020; 27:285-293. [PMID: 31640087 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thus far, biological roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. Moreover, its expression, clinicopathologic and prognostic significance in HCC have not been comprehensively investigated, therefore needing further evidence. METHODS PAI1 expression was measured, using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining, in matched HCC and adjacent liver samples from 178 patients with HCC after curative resection. The correlations of PAI1 H-scores with clinicopathologic variables and survival were further evaluated. Its prognostic value was finally confirmed in some public databases. RESULTS It was found that PAI1 expression was significantly higher in HCC than in adjacent liver tissues. Moreover, high PAI1 expression was more frequent in those with multiple lesions. Univariate analyses showed that PAI1 expression was negatively associated with both overall and relapse-free survival. Although PAI1 expression was not statistically significant in multivariate Cox regression test, combination of it with TNM stage effectively distinguished survival and relapse, and served as an independent prognostic factor. In the online available datasets of HCC and liver cancer used, SERPINE1, the gene encoding PAI1, was also revealed to be prognostic. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that high PAI1 expression was predictive for unfavorable biological behavior and long-term prognosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Miličić B, Prstačić R, Prgomet D. Skip Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma - Prevalence, Predictive and Clinicopathological Factors. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:122-128. [PMID: 34219894 PMCID: PMC8212598 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical lymph node metastases are frequently found in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and occur in a stepwise fashion. Skip metastases that omit the central compartment and spread initially in lateral neck levels are present in a certain share of patients, and their significance is poorly understood. The aim of this prospective study was to identify their possible predictors and clinicopathological factors in a group of patients with PTC with lateral lymph node (LLN) metastases. Methods We enrolled 68 patients with PTC with preoperatively evaluated LLN metastases who underwent total thyroidectomy with lateral lymph node dissection between 2011 and 2018. We analysed the clinicopathological features and pattern of dissemination of continuous and skip metastases. Results The prevalence of skip metastases was 23.5%. Compared with the continuous metastases group, the patients were older, had primary tumors that were more often situated unilaterally, and had smaller primary tumor size. Level II was less often involved, and none of the patients with skip metastases had all LNN positive (p = 0.05). Conclusion Skip metastases occur more frequently in older patients and display certain clinicopathological features like smaller size of the primary tumor and dissemination in less lateral neck levels. In the view of the fact that they are found rather frequently, lateral neck regions should be meticulously investigated in patients with PTC without central lymph node (CLL) metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratko Prstačić
- 1Department of Ear, Nose, Throat, and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre; 2School of Medicine, University of Zagreb
| | - Drago Prgomet
- 1Department of Ear, Nose, Throat, and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre; 2School of Medicine, University of Zagreb
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Bogović Crnčić T, Ilić Tomaš M, Girotto N, Grbac Ivanković S. Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: What Do We Know So Far? Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:66-72. [PMID: 34219886 PMCID: PMC8212601 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer today. The rising incidence of the differentiated papillary type cannot be entirely explained by early and meticulous diagnosis, since a proportion of large tumors has also been reported. In this review, we present the results of numerous investigations focused on possible factors causing increased TC incidence, such as chromosomal and genetic alterations, iodine intake, TSH level, autoimmune thyroid disease, gender, estrogen, obesity, lifestyle changes, and environmental pollutants. Up to now, only childhood exposure to ionizing radiation has been fully recognized as a risk factor. There is also a possibility that yet undiscovered carcinogens, especially during intrauterine life or early childhood, might be responsible for increased TC incidence as well as epigenetic changes. Therefore, more studies are necessary in order to further investigate the potential risk factors for TC and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Ilić Tomaš
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Neva Girotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Grbac Ivanković
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
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Liu WJ, Zhou L, Liang ZY, Zhou WX, You L, Zhang TP, Zhao YP. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 as a Poor Prognostic Indicator in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2947-2952. [PMID: 30539907 PMCID: PMC6302640 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.247211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was previously established to impact several phenotypes in many kinds of cancer, including pancreatic cancer. However, its prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) needs support of further evidence. This study was designed to address the issue. Methods PAI-1 expression was detected by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 93 PDAC patients with surgical resection from September 2004 to December 2008. Its relationships with clinicopathologic variables and tumor-specific survival (TSS) were further evaluated using Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, as well as Cox regression analyses. Results Expression of PAI-1 was much higher in tumor than that in nontumor tissues, based on comparison of all samples and 74 matched ones (95 [47.5, 180] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = -2.439, P = 0.015 and 100 [46.9, 182.5] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = -2.594, P = 0.009, respectively). In addition, tumoral PAI-1 expression was positively associated with N stage (22/35 for N1 vs. 21/51 for N0, χ2 = 3.903, P = 0.048). Univariate analyses showed that TSS of patients with high PAI-1 tumors was significantly poorer than that of those with low PAI-1 tumors (log rank value = 19.00, P < 0.0001). In multivariate Cox regression test, PAI-1 expression was identified as an independent predictor for long-term prognosis of resectable PDAC (hazard ratio = 2.559, 95% confidence interval = 1.499-4.367, P = 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that expression of PAI-1 is upregulated in PDAC and might serve as a poor prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei-Xun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tai-Ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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11
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SERPA MS, MAFRA RP, QUEIROZ SIML, SILVA LPD, SOUZA LBD, PINTO LP. Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e93. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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12
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Ordookhani A, Motazedi A, Burman KD. Thrombosis in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 16:e57897. [PMID: 29696039 PMCID: PMC5903374 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.57897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of studies on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and thyroid cancer is very scarce and existing data are contradictory. This paper reviews VTE in thyroid cancer. METHODS The following words were used for a comprehensive literature review using MEDLINE database: Blood coagulation factors; thyroid hormones; blood coagulation tests; venous thromboembolism; receptors thyroid hormone; hemostasis; fibrinolysis; bleeding; blood coagulation disorders; thyroid neoplasms; Thyroid cancer, papillary; Thyroid cancer, follicular; Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic; Thyroid cancer, Hurthle cell; Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma; venous thrombosis; Pulmonary embolism; Blood coagulation factors. The studies, which include any changes in hemostasis and thyroid cancer were included and reviewed. RESULTS Although few studies have shown a possible increase in VTE occurrence in thyroid cancer in patients ≥ 60 years old and in proximity to cancer diagnosis, other studies could not find any difference compared to general population. New thyroid cancer classification excluding common subtype(s) with benign nature, may affect the results of the future studies on association of VTE and thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS Prospective studies on the occurrence of VTE in various types and severities of thyroid cancer and in different age groups are warranted, as the results would affect clinical practice on the necessity of usage of anticoagulants in some thyroid cancer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ordookhani
- MD, Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, 20017
| | - Abbas Motazedi
- MD, Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, 20017
| | - Kenneth D. Burman
- MD, Endocrine Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, 20010
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13
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Ma J, Qi G, Xu J, Ni H, Xu W, Ru G, Zhao Z, Xu W, He X. Overexpression of forkhead box M1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in gastric cancer is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7288-7296. [PMID: 29344165 PMCID: PMC5754915 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are overexpressed and associated with the pathogenesis of multiple types of human malignancy. The aims of the present study were to investigate FOXM1 and uPA expression levels in human gastric cancer using tissue microarray techniques; determining their association with clinicopathological characteristics as well as their prognostic value. Tissue microarray blocks, comprising 436 gastric cancer cases and 92 non-cancerous adjacent normal gastric tissues, were analyzed for FOXM1 and uPA protein expression levels using immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed statistically in association with various clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival rates. FOXM1 and uPA were detected in 78.67 (343/436) and 83.26% (363/436) of cancer samples, respectively. FOXM1 and uPA were not expressed in the 92 normal gastric tissue samples. In gastric cancer, FOXM1 and uPA levels were associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion and distant metastases. The overall survival rate was significantly decreased in patients expressing FOXM1 and uPA compared with FOXM1- and uPA-negative patients. Coxs multivariate analysis revealed that age, depth of invasion and expression levels of FOXM1 and uPA are independent predictors of survival in patients with gastric cancer. These results indicated that increased FOXM1 and uPA expression levels are associated with the invasive and metastatic processes in human gastric cancer, and inversely associated with patient prognosis. Therefore, FOXM1 and uPA may serve as novel prognostic markers independent of, but supplementing, the TNM staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Haibing Ni
- Department of Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wulin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xujun He
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Ismail NS, Ali EM, Ibrahim DA, Serya RA, Abou El Ella DA. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine based scaffold derivatives targeting kinases as anticancer agents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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15
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Serafin AM, Akudugu JM, Bohm L. Influence of freeze-drying on the recovery of the tumour invasion markers uPA and PAI-1 from prostate cancer resections. Ann Clin Biochem 2014; 52:387-94. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563214559546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) have been shown to be of merit as biomarkers for a variety of cancers. Prostate tissue resections from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia were analysed to determine the influence of freeze-drying on the recovery of uPA and PAI-1 and their predictive performance. Methods Prostate tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenised into a fine powder in a precooled stainless steel punch homogeniser. One aliquot of the powder was extracted directly, and a second aliquot was freeze-dried overnight and then extracted. The extracts were analysed by FEMTELLE assay to determine the concentrations of uPA and PAI-1. uPA/PAI-1 ratios were calculated for each sample, and the mean ratios for the frozen and the lyophilised tissue were compared. Results The concentrations of uPA measured for the frozen and lyophilised samples are strongly correlated ( R = 0.90 ± 0.05). The same applies to the PAI-1 measured ( R = 0.89 ± 0.03). The uPA/PAI-1 ratios for the lyophilised and frozen samples were strongly correlated. The uPA/PAI-1 ratios for frozen and lyophilised samples were found to be essentially the same with values of 0.0344 ± 0.0066 and 0.0340 ± 0.0068, respectively ( P = 0.9633). Conclusion The recovery of uPA and PAI-1 from a deep frozen prostate tissue homogenate followed by freeze-drying proceeds with a loss of 10 and 11%, respectively, with no influence on the uPA/PAI-1 ratio. Lyophilisation is a safe procedure for the preservation of frozen prostate tissue samples as it permits recovery of the markers without compromising their use for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Serafin
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - JM Akudugu
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - L Bohm
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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16
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Baldini E, Sorrenti S, Tuccilli C, Prinzi N, Coccaro C, Catania A, Filippini A, Bononi M, De Antoni E, D'Armiento M, Ulisse S. Emerging molecular markers for the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 1:S52-6. [PMID: 24862669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial thyroid cancers are represented by the differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas which, following dedifferentiation, are thought to give rise to the highly aggressive and incurable anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Although derived from the same cell type, the different thyroid tumors show specific histological features, biological behavior and degree of differentiation as a consequence of different genetic alterations. Over the last few years, our knowledge regarding the molecular alterations underlying thyroid cell malignant transformation and cancer progression has considerably increased; however, the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients still relies on high-risk clinic-pathological variables. In particular, the actual staging systems provides only a rough prediction for cancer mortality and risk of recurrences, including in each risk group patients with highly different tumor-specific progression, disease-free interval and survival time. In order to improve DTC patient's risk stratification, both the European and the American Thyroid Associations proposed practical guidelines to integrate the actual staging systems with additional clinical features such as the tumor histological variant, the results of post-ablative whole body scan and the serum thyroglobulin levels. Despite that, patients within the same risk group still show a very heterogeneous behavior in terms of disease-free interval. As a consequence, the identification of new prognostic molecular biomarkers able to testify tumor aggressiveness is highly required. Here we'll review recently characterized new molecular markers potentially able to ameliorate the prognosis in DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Coccaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bononi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Antoni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimino D'Armiento
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Shang RZ, Dai B, Wang DS. Role of uPA/uPAR system in tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1235-1240. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i9.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a major activator of plasminogen, and uPA receptor is the specific receptor of uPA. The uPA/uPAR system regulates plasminogen activity, which participates in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and is involved in many pathophysiological processes. In neoplasms, the activation of plasminogen into plasmin caused by the uPA/uPAR system induces the degradation of components in the basement membrane as well as in the ECM, which provides a favorable microenvironment for tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, the uPA/uPAR system regulates tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the role of the uPA/uPAR system in tumors and its potential clinical implications.
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