• Chemotherapy
• Drug delivery system
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Nanomaterials
• Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

• Hyperbranched polyphosphate polyester
• application
• modification
• synthesis

• mechanisms of drug release
• nanohydrogels
• polymers
• topical biomedical applications
• topical drug delivery system

• Drug Delivery Systems
• Skin/metabolism
• Polymers/metabolism
• Pharmaceutical Preparations
• Nanotechnology

• dy was funded by the review article grant 2024 from Un

• Diabetic kidney disease
• diabetes mellitus
• liposome
• nanoparticle
• targeted drug delivery

• extracellular matrix
• fibroblast
• fibrosis
• nanomedicine
• pancreatic cancer
• tumor microenvironment

• active targeting
• cancer
• nano-therapy
• passive targeting
• smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs)
• targeted cancer therapy
• targeted drug delivery
• translational medicine

Nanoparticles offer numerous advantages in various fields of science, particularly in medicine. Over recent years, the use of nanoparticles in disease diagnosis and treatments has increased dramatically by the development of stimuli-responsive nano-systems, which can respond to internal or external stimuli. In the last 10 years, many preclinical studies were performed on physically triggered nano-systems to develop and optimize stable, precise, and selective therapeutic or diagnostic agents. In this regard, the systems must meet the requirements of efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and safety before clinical investigation. Several undesired aspects need to be addressed to successfully translate these physical stimuli-responsive nano-systems, as biomaterials, into clinical practice. These have to be commonly taken into account when developing physically triggered systems; thus, also applicable for nano-systems based on nanomaterials. This review focuses on physically triggered nano-systems (PTNSs), with diagnostic or therapeutic and theranostic applications. Several types of physically triggered nano-systems based on polymeric micelles and hydrogels, mesoporous silica, and magnets are reviewed and discussed in various aspects.

• Vice-Chancellor for Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

• Anti-VEGF
• Long-acting injectables
• Ocular delivery
• Port delivery system
• Posterior Segment
• Protein and Peptide delivery

• Drug Delivery Systems/methods
• Eye Diseases/drug therapy
• Humans
• Hydrogels/therapeutic use
• Intravitreal Injections
• Peptides/therapeutic use
• Polymers/therapeutic use
• RNA
• Ranibizumab/therapeutic use
• Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use

Stimuli-responsive polymersomes have emerged as smart drug delivery systems for programmed release of highly cytotoxic anticancer agents such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox·HCl). Recently, a biodegradable redox-responsive triblock copolymer (mPEG–PDH–mPEG) was synthesized with a central hydrophobic block containing disulfide linkages and two hydrophilic segments of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. Taking advantage of the self-assembly of this amphiphilic copolymer in aqueous solution, in the present investigation we introduce a solvent-exchange method that simultaneously achieves polymersome formation and drug loading in phosphate buffer saline (10 mM, pH 7.4). Blank and drug-loaded polymersomes (5 and 10 wt.% feeding ratios) were prepared and characterized for morphology, particle size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and drug release behavior. Spherical vesicles of uniform size (120–190 nm) and negative zeta potentials were obtained. Dox·HCl was encapsulated into polymersomes with a remarkably high efficiency (up to 98 wt.%). In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a prolonged and diffusion-driven release at physiological conditions (~34% after 48 h). Cleavage of the disulfide bonds in the presence of 50 mM glutathione (GSH) enhanced drug release (~77%) due to the contribution of the erosion mechanism. Therefore, the designed polymersomes are promising candidates for selective drug release in the reductive environment of cancer cells.

• CRISPR-Cas9
• Drug delivery
• External stimuli
• Genome editing
• Internal stimuli
• Nanoformulations
• Stimuli-responsive

Hydrogels consist of three-dimensionally crosslinked polymeric chains, are hydrophilic, have the ability to absorb other molecules in their structure and are relatively easy to obtain. However, in order to improve some of their properties, usually mechanical, or to provide them with some physical, chemical or biological characteristics, hydrogels have been synthesized combined with other synthetic or natural polymers, filled with inorganic nanoparticles, metals, and even polymeric nanoparticles, giving rise to composite hydrogels. In general, different types of hydrogels have been synthesized; however, in this review, we refer to those obtained from the thermosensitive polymer poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) and we focus on the definition, properties, synthesis techniques, nanomaterials used as fillers in composites and mainly applications of PNVCL-based hydrogels in the biomedical area. This type of material has great potential in biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, as antimicrobials and in diagnostic and bioimaging.

• biomedical applications
• chemical cross-linked
• composites
• hydrogels
• poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)

• Aggregation induced emission
• Intracellular temperature
• Sensing
• Tetraphenylethylene
• Viscosity

• NIR light
• bicalutamide
• dendrimers
• humans biological fluids
• thermo-sensitive polymer

• bio-inspired polymers
• biopolymer shell
• clinical trials
• imaging techniques
• in vivo
• iron oxide core

• PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2016-1642 Ministry of Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI
• PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-1671 Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS/CCCDI - UEFISCDI

• PEG
• cancer
• passive targeting
• polymeric nanoparticles
• surfactants

• controlled release
• disulfide bond
• nanocarriers
• redox responsive PEG-block-PLA
• retinol

• EX003257 European Regional Development Fund
• MISTIC 2017-00118114 Région Centre Val de Loire

In biomedical diagnosis and bionanotechnologies, the extraction and purification of proteins and protein derivatives are of great interest. In fact, to purify recombinant proteins for instance, new methodologies and well appropriate material supports need to be established and also to be evaluated. In this work, hydrophilic nanohydrogel particles were prepared for recombinant proteins extraction for purification purpose. The prepared nanohydrogel polymer-based particles are hydrophilic below the volume phase transition temperature (TVPT) and dehydrated above the TVPT, due to the thermally sensitive poly(N-alkyl acrylamide) and poly(N-alkyl methacrylamide) derivatives. Then, the use of heavy metal ions in the presence of such functional particles should specifically capture recombinant proteins (i.e., proteins bearing a poly(histidine) part). In order to understand and to optimize the specific capture and the purification of recombinant proteins, various parameters have been investigated as a systematic study. Firstly, the adsorption was investigated as a function of pH and protein concentration. According to high hydration of the prepared nanohydrogel, no marked adsorption was observed. Secondly, the effect of pH was investigated and found to be the driven parameter affecting the metal ions immobilization and the recombinant proteins complexation. As a result, high protein complexation was observed at basic pH compared to non-complexation at acidic pH medium. The immobilized proteins via complexation were released by changing the pH. This decomplexation seems to be effective but depends on fixation conditions and particle surface structure.

• adsorption
• complexation
• metal ions
• nanohydrogel particles
• recombinant protein

In this study, the phase transition phenomena of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and linear or star-shaped poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AA-co-MA)) in highly concentrated KCl solutions were investigated. The effects of polymer molecular weight, topology, and composition on their phase transition behavior in solution were investigated. The cloud point temperature (T_CP) of polymers drastically increased as the KCl concentration (C_KCl) and solution pH increased. C_KCl strongly influenced the temperature range at which the phase transition of PAA occurred: C_KCl of 1.0–2.2 M allowed the phase transition to occur between 30 and 75 °C. Unfortunately, at C_KCl above 2.6 M, the T_CP of PAA was too high to theoretically trigger the crystallization of KCl. The addition of hydrophobic methyl acrylate moieties decreased the T_CP into a temperature region where KCl crystallization could occur. Additionally, the hydrodynamic diameters (D_h) and zeta potentials of commercial PAA samples were examined at room temperature and at their T_CP using dynamic light scattering. The salt concentration (from 1 to 3 M) did not impact the hydrodynamic diameter of the molecules. D_h values were 1500 and 15 nm at room temperature and at T_CP, respectively.

• KCl
• inorganic salt solutions
• phase transition
• poly(acrylic acid)
• star polymer
• upper critical solution temperature (UCST)

• TPE-Cy
• TPE-Ph-In
• aggregation-induced emission (AIE)
• biological applications
• tetraphenylethene (TPE)

• Cancer treatment
• Drug delivery
• Nanogels
• Smart drug release
• Stimulus-responsive

• Animals
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Drug Liberation
• Humans
• Nanogels/chemistry
• Nanogels/toxicity
• Oxidation-Reduction
• Stimuli Responsive Polymers/chemical synthesis
• Stimuli Responsive Polymers/chemistry
• Temperature

• R01 AI050875 NIAID NIH HHS
• R21 AI121700 NIAID NIH HHS

• cancer drug delivery
• nanocarriers
• nanomedicine
• targeted drug delivery
• translational

High efficiency cell-penetrating helical chain functionalized polymeric micelles capable of co-delivery of cargoes and rapid release were reported.

Structural transformations in D-g-PNIPAM/AuNPs hybrid nanosystem arise from the synergetic action of plasmonic heating and attractive optical plasmonic forces.

Zwitterionic polymers have unique features, such as good compatibility, and show promise in the application of drug delivery. In this study, the zwitterionic copolymers, poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) with disulfide (PCL-ss-PMPC) or poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) or without disulfide (PCL-PMPC) and with different block lengths in PCL-ss-PMPC, were designed. The designed copolymers were obtained by a combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom transferring radical polymerization. The crystallization properties of these polymers were investigated. The micelles were prepared based on the obtained copolymers with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine as the hydrophilic shell and PCL as the hydrophobic core. The size distributions of the blank micelles and the doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles were uniform, and the micelle diameters were <100 nm. In vitro drug release and intracellular drug release results showed that DOX-loaded PCL-ss-PMPC micelles could release drugs faster responding to the reduction condition and the intracellular microenvironment in contrast to PCL-PMPC micelles. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the designed copolymers possessed low cell toxicity, and the inhibiting effect of DOX-loaded phosphorylcholine micelles to tumor cells was related to the components of these copolymers. These results reveal that the reduction-responsive phosphorylcholine micelles with a suitable ratio of hydrophilic/hydrophobic units can serve as promising drug carriers.

• disulfide
• phosphorylcholine
• reduction-sensitive
• zwitterionic

• Drug-resistance
• Nanoantibiotics
• Stimuli-responsive

• National Science Foundation

• cancer chemotherapy
• mannose-mediated targeting
• multivalency
• nanoparticles
• targeted drug delivery

• Eye diseases
• Intraocular drug delivery
• Ocular barriers
• Ocular drug targeting
• Ocular pharmacotherapy
• Ophthalmic implants
• Ophthalmology
• Targeted therapy