Emerging causes of iron deficiency anemia refractory to oral iron supplementation

Table 1 Specific diagnoses that led to administration of intravenous iron

Gastric bypass	43
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative colitis)	58
Gastrointestinal bleed (ulcers, arteriovenous malformation, hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome)	16
Gastrectomy (secondary to gastric cancer, Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma)	5
Celiac disease	3
Pernicious anemia	1
Colectomy secondary to Familial adenomatous polyposis	1
Bulimia	1
Small bowel resection- reason unclear	1
Solid tumor (secondary to chemotherapy, due to disease infiltration/progression)	63
Gynecologic (menorrhagia, fibroids, endometriosis)	39
Hematologic malignancy (Hodgkin’s, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, myelofibrosis, paraproteinemia, follicular lymphoma, Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, Acute myeloid leukemia, Chronic myeloid leukemia)	11
Lupus Anti-Coagulant on anti-coagulation, Antiphospholipid syndrome on anti-coagulation	4
Systemic lupus erythematosus	3
Anemia of chronic disease	1
Thallassemia	1
Sickle cell trait	1
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia	1
Jehovah’s witness	4
Renal disease (polycystic kidney disease , chronic kidney disease end-stage renal disease )	16
Pregnancy	1
Rheumatoid arthritis	1
Skin wounds	1
Other indication, also on warfarin	5
Unclear on review of records (some have iron deficiency anemia as a diagnosis)	12

Note: Several patients had multiple indications for IV iron; all indications noted in chart are listed above. Data for 262 patients. Patients received treatment at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center in Miami and Kendall.