Therapeutic and preventive treatment on outcomes of hepatitis B virus induced chronic liver disease with a cost-effectiveness analysis

Table 1 Cost effectiveness of hepatitis B virus-associated liver disease using different models

Ref.	Period/age	Data/region	Management	Disease/case	Model	Index	Effect
Su et al[13]	2000-2021; 18-70 years	PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science; China	The serum five-test screening	HBV-hepatitis; per 100000	Markov cohort	ICER/quality-adjusted life-years: $18295	Prevent 3.46 million deaths due to HBV
GBD 2019 Hepatitis B Collaborators[67]	1990-2019; all ages	GBD; global	WHO-GHSS; WHO interim guidance	Chronic HBV infection; per 100000	DisMod-MR 2.1 (a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool)	Mortality-to-incidence ratios for chronic HBV infection	Prevalence/no: 4.1%/316 million; decline ratio (1990 to 2019): 31.3%
Rein et al[68]	2008-2009; neonate with six months observation	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Asia migrant of the United States	Serum HBsAg screening	5.6%-6.6% HBsAg of 1623 participants	Community clinic model; community outreach model; partnership and contract model	$40-$280 per general screen; $609-$4657 per positive screen	Limited screening
Palladino et al[69]	2010-2019; all ages	GBD; Southern Western Europe	WHO-GHSS; WHO interim guidance	Acute and chronic HBV infection; per 100000	Time series model	Prevalence, incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, DALY	Declined prevalence and incidence; stable mortality
Schmit et al[70]	Up to 2020; 15-45 years	Medline database; Gambia	HBV vaccine; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment	Chronic HBV infection; per 100000	Bayesian network	ICER/DALY: $338-$404	Reduced mortality due to HBV

DALY: Disability-adjusted life year; GBD: Global burden of diseases; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ICER: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; WHO: World Health Organization; WHO-GHSS: World Health Organization-global health sector strategy.