Quality of healing of gastric ulcers: Natural products beyond acid suppression

Figure 1 Schematic representation of intracellular pathway on ulcer healing mechanism. SAC: Artemisia or S-allyl cysteine; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; IGF-1: Insulin like growth factor-1.

Figure 2 Gross features of gastric ulcer stage assessed at 4 wk after acetic acid serosa injection according to group. SAC: Artemisia or S-allyl cysteine; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.