• CAF
• Cancer-associated fibroblast
• Head and neck malignancy
• MiRNA
• Tumor microenvironment

• Humans
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism
• Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/pathology
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
• Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology
• Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics

• Biomarkers
• Gene regulation
• MicroRNAs (miRNAs)
• Pathological conditions
• Therapeutic targets

• Humans
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Neoplasms/genetics
• Animals

• MicroRNA assay
• catalytic hairpin assembly
• hairpin DNA
• multilamellar lipid vesicles
• toehold‐mediated strand displacement

• MicroRNAs/genetics
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Humans
• Electron Transport
• Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
• Catalysis
• HeLa Cells

• National Research Foundation of Korea
• HV22C0209 Korea Health Technology R&D Project
• Korea Health Industry Development Institute
• NRF-2020R1A2C2004168 Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea
• NRF-2020R1A2C2004168 Basic Science Research Program
• Ministry of Health&Welfare, South Korea

• biomarkers
• diagnostic tools
• limitations
• microRNA
• nervous system
• neurodegenerative diseases
• protein post-translational modifications
• therapeutic tools

• Deoxyribozyme
• Exponential amplification reaction
• Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
• Hybridization chain reaction
• Nano-orbital fluorescence

• Humans
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• DNA, Catalytic
• Limit of Detection
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization
• Fluorescent Dyes
• Biosensing Techniques/methods
• Carbocyanines

• contrastive learning
• diagnosis and treatment
• graph collaborative filtering
• human microbiota
• miRNA-disease associations
• sparse neighborhoods

• Cancer biomarkers
• Immunotherapy
• Liquid biopsy
• Lung cancer
• Prognostic value
• miRNA

• Humans
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Lung Neoplasms/genetics
• Lung Neoplasms/therapy
• Liquid Biopsy/methods
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics

• extracellular vesicle (EV)
• immunotherapy
• patient derived organoids
• tumor immunity
• tumor microenvironment (TME)

• Humans
• Tumor Microenvironment
• Extracellular Vesicles
• Melanoma
• Biological Transport
• Biopsy

• Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
• Novartis Foundation
• Vontobel-Stiftung

• Head and neck squamous cell cancer
• Management
• MicroRNA
• Plasma

• biosensors
• miRNA biomarkers
• multiplex sensing
• nanotweezers
• single-molecule FRET

• Nucleic Acids
• DNA/analysis
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
• MicroRNAs/analysis
• Biomarkers
• Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer/methods

• Biomarkers
• DNA
• Magnetic Phenomena
• Metal Nanoparticles
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Neoplasms/genetics
• Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Immune cells and immune proteins play a pivotal role in host responses to pathogens, allergens and cancer. Understanding the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer, immune surveillance, immunomodulation, role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated functions and help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Allergy and oncology show two opposite scenarios: whereas immune tolerance is desired in allergy, it is detrimental in cancer.

The current review provides an update on the role of immune cells and immune proteins in allergy and cancer fields.

Authors investigated the role of relevant immunological markers and the correlation with cancer progression or cancer suppression.

Activated immune cells such as macrophages ‘M1’, dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), NK cells, Th1, follicular T helper cells (TFH), TCD8+, B lymphocytes and eosinophils have inhibitory effects on tumourigenesis, while tolerogenic cells such as macrophages ‘M2,’ tolerogenic DCs, ILC3, T and B regulatory lymphocytes appear to favour carcinogenesis. Mastocytes and alarmins can have both effects. RIgE antibodies and CCCL5 chemokine have an anticancer role, whereas IgG4, free light chains, Il‐10, TGF‐β, lipocalin‐2, CCL1 chemokine promote cancer progression. Fundamental is also the contribution of epigenetic changes regulated by the microRNA in cancer progression.

This knowledge represents the key to developing new anticancer therapies.

• IgE
• allergy
• immune surveillance
• immunomodulation
• malignancy susceptibility

miRNAs biomarkers are emerging as an essential part of clinical oncology. Their oncogenic and tumour suppressor properties playing a role in malignancy has generated interest in their potential for use in disease prognosis. While several studies on miRNA have been carried out across the globe, evaluating the clinical implications of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis research has currently not been attempted. A study delineating the area of miRNA research, including the topics presently being focused on, the seminal papers in this field, and the direction of research interest, does not exist. This study aims to conduct a large-scale, global data analysis and bibliometric profiling analysis of studies to evaluate the research output of clinical implications of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis listed in the SCOPUS database. A systematic search strategy was followed to identify and extract all relevant studies, subsequently analysed to generate a bibliometric map. SPSS software (version 27) was used to calculate bibliometric indicators or parameters for analysis, such as year and country of affiliation with leading authors, journals, and institutions. It is also used to analyse annual research outputs, including total citations and the number of times it has been cited with productive nations and H-index. The number of global research articles retrieved for miRNA-Cancer research over the study period 2003 to 2019 was 18,636. Between 2012 and 2019, the growth rate of global publications is six times (n = 15,959; 90.71 percent articles) that of 2003 to 2011. (2704; 9.29 per cent articles). China published the most publications in the field of miRNA in cancer (n = 7782; 41%), while the United States had the most citations (n = 327,538; 48%) during the time span. Of these journals, Oncotarget has the highest percentage of article publications. The journal Cancer Research had the most citations (n = 41,876), with 6.20 per cent (n = 41,876). This study revealed a wide variety of journals in which miRNA-Cancer research are published; these bibliometric parameters exhibit crucial clinical information on performance assessment of research productivity and quality of research output. Therefore, this study provides a helpful reference for clinical oncologists, cancer scientists, policy decision-makers and clinical data researchers.

• MiR-217
• cancer
• diagnosis
• marker
• prognosis

• biophotonics
• biosensing
• nanoplasmonics
• oncology
• surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
• Humans
• Liquid Biopsy
• Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Spectrum Analysis, Raman
• Surface Properties

B-lymphocytes are essential for an efficient immune response against a variety of pathogens. A large fraction of hematologic malignancies are of B-cell origin, suggesting that the development and activation of B cells must be tightly regulated. In recent years, differentially expressed non-coding RNAs have been identified in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) tumor samples as opposed to their naive, normal B-cell compartment. These aberrantly expressed molecules, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have a role in cellular growth and survival pathways in various biological models. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs and their relevant targets in B-cell development, activation and malignant transformation, summarizing the current understanding of the role of aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs in MCL pathobiology with perspectives for clinical use.

• B-cell lymphoma
• circRNA
• lncRNA
• mantle cell lymphoma
• microRNA

• B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
• B-Lymphocytes/physiology
• Biomarkers/metabolism
• Cell Cycle/genetics
• Cell Differentiation/genetics
• Cell Proliferation/genetics
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
• Gene Expression/genetics
• Gene Expression Profiling/methods
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
• Humans
• Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
• Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• RNA, Circular/genetics
• RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
• RNA, Untranslated/genetics
• RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
• Transcriptome/genetics

• EBV-encoded miRNAs
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• invasion
• metastasis
• miRNAs

• Cancer
• Chemo resistance
• Cisplatin
• MicroRNA
• Multi drug resistance

Despite the notable advances in modern surgery and radiotherapy,no significant increase in the five year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma has been reported. Collecting evidence demonstrates that miR 153 and miR 455-5p play a key role in growth and progression of oral cancer. Early detection of OSCC is important for enhancing patient quality of life and clinical treatment.For this reason, biomarkers or tumour markers offer an opportunity to intervene and avoid development of oral cancer.

A total of 50 blood samples from patients from both genders (25 OSCC and 25 healthy people/control groups) were obtained to determine the expression of miR153 and miR455-5p using Real time Polymerase chain reaction and t test.

In general by using the formula Δ ct, it is evident that the miR 153 expression in peripheral blood is lower in patients than in healthy individuals (1.97) while the miR 455-5p expression in peripheral blood is higher in patients than in healthy individuals (2.56).

We conclude that miR153 and miR 455-5p expression in serum can function as a diagnostic screening test for the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• miR 153
• miR455-5p
• oral squamous cell carcinoma
• real time polymerase chain reaction

• Diet
• XenomiRs
• miRNA

The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels and clinical value of miR-365 and miR-25 in serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients (180) diagnosed with NSCLC at the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from July 2011 to December 2013 were used as the experimental group. Volunteers (90) undergoing health examinations were used as the control group. The serum of the patients was collected after fasting in the morning. The expression levels of miR-365 and miR-25 in the serum of patients was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the relationship among miR-365, miR-25 and the postoperative survival rate of NSCLC patients was analyzed. The relative expression level of miR-25 of patients with peripheral infiltration was significantly higher than that of patients without peripheral infiltration (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the relative expression level of miR-25 in different pathological grades and TNM stages, as well as with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The survival rate of NSCLC patients with high expression of miR-25 was significantly lower than that of NSCLC patients with low expression of miR-25 (P<0.05). The relative expression level of miR-365 of patients with peripheral infiltration was significantly lower than that of patients without peripheral infiltration (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the relative expression level of miR-365 in different pathological grades and TNM stages, as well as with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The survival rate of NSCLC patients with high expression of miR-365 was significantly higher than that of NSCLC patients with low expression of miR-365 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression levels of miR-25 and miR-365 were different in the serum of NSCLC patients, and they were closely related to certain clinical characteristics such as peripheral infiltration, pathological grade, tumor diameter, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, it was revealed that miR-25 and miR-365 affected the 5-year survival rate of patients. miR-25 and miR-365 could be used as important tumor markers to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC patients.

• NSCLC
• clinical pathology
• miR-25
• miR-365
• prognosis

• BART7
• EBV
• MicroRNA
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• circulation

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Case-Control Studies
• Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
• Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
• Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
• Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
• Humans
• Male
• MicroRNAs/blood
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Middle Aged
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/epidemiology
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/pathology
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/virology
• Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics
• Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology
• Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology
• Prognosis
• RNA, Viral/blood
• RNA, Viral/genetics
• Young Adult

• biomarkers
• circulating miR
• circulating miRNAs (C-miRNAs)

• aqueous humour
• diabetic macular oedema
• diabetic retinopathy
• micro-RNA
• micro-RNA polymerase chain reaction array

• Biomarkers
• Blood
• Breast cancer
• Cell-free miRNA
• Diagnosis
• Plasma

• Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Breast Neoplasms/blood
• Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Early Detection of Cancer/methods
• Female
• Humans
• MicroRNAs/blood
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Prognosis
• RNA, Neoplasm/blood
• RNA, Neoplasm/genetics

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs with approximately 19–25 nucleotides that are involved in regulating a range of developmental and physiological processes. Non-exosomal circulating and exosomal miRNAs have also been proposed to be useful in diagnostics as biomarkers for diseases and different types of cancer. In this review, the quantity of miRNAs and of reliable experimental data analyses of miRNAs that come from exosomal and non-exosomal sources are discussed from the perspective of their use as biomarkers for cancer and other diseases, including viral infections, nervous system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. We summarize other research findings regarding the use of miRNA from these two sources as biomarkers in diagnostics and clinical use. The challenges in using miRNA from these two sources in cancer and disease diagnostics are evaluated and discussed. Validation of specific miRNA signatures as biomarkers is a critical milestone in diagnostics.

• biomarker
• body fluid
• exosome
• miRNA
• non-exosomal

Background: Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. The discovery of circulating biomarkers with high diagnostic value could supplement diagnosis of this heterogenous group of tumors. The aim of this study was to identify the profiles of circulating miRNA (c-miRNAs) in four groups of common bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

Methods: At the time of diagnosis, blood samples were collected from 86 patients: 36 with locally advanced/unresectable/metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who received first-line treatment with imatinib; 16 with locally advanced osteosarcoma (OS); 26 with locally advanced synovial sarcoma (SS); and eight with locally advanced Ewing sarcoma (ES). In addition, samples were collected from 30 healthy controls. C-miRNAs were isolated using a miRCURY RNA Isolation Kit, followed by preparation of cDNA libraries and sequencing on the Ion Proton platform.

Results: Pair-wise comparisons identified 156 unique c-miRNAs (adjusted P-value < 0.05) showing significant dysregulation between controls and patients; of these, 24, 36, 42, and 99 differentiated controls from pretherapeutic OS, SS, ES, and GIST, respectively. Ten c-miRNAs were commonly altered in at least three sarcoma types. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (ROC-AUC) analyses revealed that a four-miRNA diagnostic classifier was able to differentiate controls from ES, GIST, OS, and SS, with AUC-ROC values of 1, 0.97, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively.

Conclusions: Aberrant miRNA expression signatures were identified in serum from patients with four different sarcoma subtypes. Differences in miRNA expression profiles between sarcoma patients and healthy volunteers suggest that miRNAs may play a role in sarcoma development.

• diagnosis
• miRNA
• next generation sequencing
• sarcoma

• epigenetic modifications
• extracellular vesicles
• melanoma
• miRNAs

• Animals
• DNA Methylation
• Disease Progression
• Epigenesis, Genetic
• Extracellular Vesicles/genetics
• Extracellular Vesicles/pathology
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Humans
• Melanoma/genetics
• Melanoma/pathology
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Skin Neoplasms/genetics
• Skin Neoplasms/pathology
• Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant

• IG17536 Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro

• body fluids
• liquid biopsy
• long noncoding RNAs
• microRNAs
• noncoding RNAs
• piRNAs

• . Estate of C. G. Johnson, Jr
• year 2018 Fulbright Research Scholarships (year 2018)
• . UPR/MDACC Partnership for Excellence in Cancer Research 2016 Pilot Project
• #CA096297 U54
• n° D15D18000410001 Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca - MIUR project "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018 - 2022"
• 2017 grant Sister Institution Network Fund (SINF)
• CA160445P1 Team DOD
• UH3TR00943-01 NIH HHS
• 1R01 CA182905-01 NCI NIH HHS
• CA17118 COST action STSM fellowship
• #CA096300 U54
• U54 CA096297 NCI NIH HHS
• . Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Moonshot Flagship project
• rif 2018.0648 Fondazione CRT
• U54 CA096300 NCI NIH HHS
• 1R01CA222007-01A1 NCI NIH HHS
• 1R01GM122775-01 NIGMS NIH HHS

Sensitive detection of nucleic acids and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is crucial in diagnosis of genetic diseases. Many strategies have been developed for detection and analysis of DNA, including fluorescence, electrical, optical, and mechanical methods. Recent advances in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensing have provided a new avenue for sensitive and quantitative detection of various types of biomolecules in simple, rapid, and recyclable platforms. Here, we report single-step FRET-based DNA sensors designed to work via a toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) process, leading to a distinct change in the FRET efficiency upon target binding. Using single-molecule FRET (smFRET), we show that these sensors can be regenerated in situ, and they allow detection of femtomoles DNA without the need for target amplification while still using a dramatically small sample size (fewer than three orders of magnitude compared to the typical sample size of bulk fluorescence). In addition, these single-molecule sensors exhibit a dynamic range of approximately two orders of magnitude. Using one of the sensors, we demonstrate that the single-base mismatch sequence can be discriminated from a fully matched DNA target, showing a high specificity of the method. These sensors with simple and recyclable design, sensitive detection of DNA, and the ability to discriminate single-base mismatch sequences may find applications in quantitative analysis of nucleic acid biomarkers.

• DNA
• FRET
• sensing
• single molecule
• single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

In the global context, the epidemic of breast cancer (BC) is evident for the early 21st century. Evidence shows that national mammography screening programs have sufficiently reduced BC related mortality. Therefore, the great utility of the mammography-based screening is not an issue. However, both false positive and false negative BC diagnosis, excessive biopsies, and irradiation linked to mammography application, as well as sub-optimal mammography-based screening, such as in the case of high-dense breast tissue in young females, altogether increase awareness among the experts regarding the limitations of mammography-based screening. Severe concerns regarding the mammography as the “golden standard” approach demanding complementary tools to cover the evident deficits led the authors to present innovative strategies, which would sufficiently improve the quality of the BC management and services to the patient. Contextually, this article provides insights into mammography deficits and current clinical data demonstrating the great potential of non-invasive diagnostic tools utilizing circulating miRNA profiles as an adjunct to conventional mammography for the population screening and personalization of BC management.

• breast cancer
• individualized patient profile
• liquid biopsy
• mammography
• miRNA
• multi-level diagnostics
• omics
• personalized medicine
• predictive and preventive approach
• screening

• biomarker
• pancreatic cancer
• qRT-PCR
• serum miRNA

• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Circulating MicroRNA
• Computational Biology
• Exosomes
• Female
• Gene Expression Profiling/methods
• Humans
• Male
• MicroRNAs/blood
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/blood
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
• Prognosis
• ROC Curve

• TIRF microscopy
• multiplexing
• recyclable sensors
• single-molecule FRET
• single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

• drug resistance
• exosomes
• invasion
• melanoma
• metastasis
• miRNA
• pre-metastatic niche

• 2014/15/B/NZ7/00947 Narodowym Centrum Nauki
• 2014/15/B/NZ7/00947 Narodowe Centrum Nauki

• EBV DNA
• EBV-encoded microRNA
• Epstein-Barr virus
• circulating nucleic acid
• nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and fatal disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord. Sporadic ALS form accounts for the majority of patients, but in 1–13.5% of cases the disease is inherited. The diagnosis of ALS is mainly based on clinical assessment and electrophysiological examinations with a history of symptom progression and is then made with a significant delay from symptom onset. Thus, the identification of biomarkers specific for ALS could be of a fundamental importance in the clinical practice. An ideal biomarker should display high specificity and sensitivity for discriminating ALS from control subjects and from ALS-mimics and other neurological diseases, and should then monitor disease progression within individual patients. microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered promising biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, since they are remarkably stable in human body fluids and can reflect physiological and pathological processes relevant for ALS. Here, we review the state of the art of miRNA biomarker identification for ALS in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and muscle tissue; we discuss advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, and underline the limits but also the great potential of this research for future practical applications.

• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• biomarker
• cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• circulating miRNAs
• microRNA
• muscle biopsy

• RUNX2
• chemotherapeutic resistance
• miR-4530
• neoadjuvant chemotherapy
• serum

• IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway
• apoptosis
• chronic myeloid leukemia
• miR-574-3p
• proliferation

• Biomarker
• Oral squamous cell carcinoma
• Plasma
• REMARK guidelines
• miRNA
• miRNome

• arterial plasma
• circulating microRNA
• expression profile
• microarray
• venous plasma

Metals are vital toxic components of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). Cellular responses to exposure to PM_2.5 or PM metal components remain unknown. Post-transcriptional profiling and subsequent cell- and individual-based assays implied that the metal ion-binding miR-4516/RPL37/autophagy pathway could play a critical role in cellular responses to PM_2.5 and PM metal stresses. miR-4516 was up-regulated in A549 cells exposed to PM_2.5 and in the serum of individuals living in a city with moderate air pollution. The expression levels of the miR-4516 target genes, namely, RPL37 and UBA52, were involved in ribosome function and inhibited by exposure to PM_2.5 and PM metal components. Autophagy in A549 cells was induced by PM_2.5 exposure as a response to decreased RPL37 expression. Moreover, enhanced miR-4516 expression was positively correlated with the augmentation of the internal burden of aluminum and lead in individuals living in a city with moderate air pollution. Hereby, the miR-4516/RPL37/autophagy pathway may represent a novel mechanism that mediates responses to PM metal components.

• PM2.5
• autophagy
• metal
• microRNA
• ribosome

• Solexa high-throughput sequencing
• miRNA
• miRNA-155
• natural killer/T-cell lymphoma

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are promising disease biomarkers due to their high stability. Their expression in serum is altered in type 1 diabetes, but whether deviations exist in individuals with high risk for type 1 diabetes remains unexplored. We therefore assessed serum miRNAs in high-risk individuals (n = 21) positive for multiple islet autoantibodies, age-matched healthy children (n = 17) and recent-onset type 1 diabetes patients (n = 8), using Serum/Plasma Focus microRNA PCR Panels from Exiqon. The miRNA levels in the high-risk group were similar to healthy controls, and no specific miRNA profile was identified for the high-risk group. However, serum miRNAs appeared to reflect glycemic status and ongoing islet autoimmunity in high-risk individuals, since several miRNAs were associated to glucose homeostasis and autoantibody titers. High-risk individuals progressing to clinical disease after the sampling could not be clearly distinguished from non-progressors, while miRNA expression in the type 1 diabetes group deviated significantly from high-risk individuals and healthy controls, perhaps explained by major metabolic disturbances around the time of diagnosis.

• Autoantibodies/blood
• Blood Glucose/metabolism
• Child
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
• Female
• Glucose/metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Humans
• Islets of Langerhans/immunology
• Male
• MicroRNAs/blood
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Risk Factors